Human DevelopmentChapter 10

Prenatal Development

• Germinal stage

• zygote

• Embryonic stage

• Fetal stage

Motor Development

Motor Development

• Cephalocaudal trend

• Proximodistal trend

Attachment Theory

• Secure

• Anxious-ambivalent

• Avoidant

Harlow’s Monkey Studies

Temperament

Erikson’s Theory

• Trust vs. mistrust

• Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

• Initiative vs. Guilt

• Industry vs. Inferiority

• Identity vs. Confusion

• Intimacy vs. Isolation

• Generativity vs. Self-absorption

• Integrity vs. Despair

Crisis Present Crisis Absent

CommitmentPresent

CommitmentAbsent

IdentityAchievement

IdentityForeclosure

IdentityMoratorium

IdentityDiffusion

Marcia’s Identity Statuses

Erik Erikson Language Development

• Cooing

• Babbling

• First words

• Vocabulary spurt

• Fast mapping

• Overextension, underextension, overregularization

• Telegraphic speech

Child Cognitive Development Cognitive Development

• Jean Piaget

• Stages

1. Sensorimotor

• Object permanence

2. Pre-operational

• Conservation

• Centration

• Irreversibility

• Egocentrism

• Animism

3. Concrete Operational

4. Formal Operational

Gender Differences

• Cognitive

• Females: verbal skills

• Males: mathematical and visual/spatial skills

• Social

• Females: non-verbal communication

• Males: aggression, sexual behavior

• Brain

• Males: cerebral specialization

• Females: larger corpus callosum

17%

83%

Males Females

Correctional Population

9%

91%

Males Females

Homicide Offenders