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Preliminary Treatment Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter
Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location & Type Visually inspect process and note abnormal conditions
for indicators of problems.
Note locations of any unusual odors.
Note dumpster levels to anticipate change out.
Check that the screens are running smoothly and brushes are making contact with panels.
Check every 3-4 hours that grit is removed from the grit chambers.
Visually confirm that influent box is free of grease accumulation and hose down if necessary.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of desired/typical ranges.
Band screen head loss, ft H2O
≤ 3.3 Continuous DCS
Band screen wash water
pressure at jet pipe, psi
30 – 60 Continuous DCS
Grit chamber, no. units in service
----- Daily DCS
Band Screens, no. online
----- Daily DCS
Per Day
N/A
Per Week
Close gates in influent splitter box to allow water to flow over weirs to break up grease accumulation. Confirm band screen – level increase in channel coincides with increased screen speed.
Key Performance Indicators
KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting
No rags in primary clarifiers N/A Rags clog downstream equipment and cause poor flow distribution.
Check that screens are functioning properly.
No grit in primary clarifiers N/A Wear on downstream equipment and loss of treatment volume.
Check grit chamber operation.
Band screen – level increase in channel coincides with increased screen speed
N/A Overflow of screening and wastewater and safety hazards due to slippery surfaces.
Adjust speed of screen, check instrumentation.
Screenings odors and moisture content
N/A High moisture content may restrict disposal and cause foul odors in dumpsters.
Check brush screen operation. Increase frequency of removal and disposal to landfill.
Dumpster change out approximately every 1.5 weeks
N/A If dumpsters suddenly take longer to fill, it may signal a loss in screenings/grit capture efficiency.
Confirm grit removal equipment is functioning properly.
Expect large quantities of screenings & grit with first flush of peak flows
N/A Overflow of dumpsters if sufficient capacity is not available.
Increase frequency of removal and disposal to landfill.
Primary Clarification Treatment Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location &
Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Visual Inspection of each clarifier (see photos):
- Longitudinal sludge/scum collectors - Scum skimmer drive assemblies - Sludge hose pumps, scum hose
pumps - Water surface free of floating
black/grey sludge and grease - No off-gassing (bubbling on surface
of primary clarifiers)
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Measure sludge blanket and adjust sludge pumping intervals as required.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of desired/typical ranges.
Influent BOD, mg/L 150 – 300
Su, Tu, Th
Inf. Channel Comp.
Sampler
Influent COD, mg/L 500 – 700
Influent TP, mg/L 6 – 10
Influent PO4-P, mg/L 4 – 8
Every 6 Hrs
Influent NH3-N , mg/L 25 – 40
Influent Alkalinity, mg/L 250 – 400 Every 12 Hrs
Influent TSS, mg/L 250 – 450 8am Daily
Effluent BOD, mg/L 120 – 180
Su, Tu, Th
Eff. Channel Comp.
Sampler
Effluent COD, mg/L 250 – 400
Effluent TP, mg/L 5 – 8
Effluent TSS, mg/L 100 – 200
8am Daily
Per Day Effluent NO3-N, mg/L 0 – 1
N/A Effluent pH 7.5 – 8.5 Every 6 Hrs
Per Week Effluent NH3-N, mg/L 25 – 35
Hose scum trough to remove buildup.
Check location of primary influent and primary effluent composite samplers. Modify location if needed to get best sample after confirming with shift supervisor.
Effluent PO4-P, mg/L 4 – 6.5
Effluent Alkalinity, mg/L 200 – 350 Every 12 Hrs
BOD removal, %
COD removal, %
TSS removal, %
≥ 25
≥ 35
≥ 50
Daily Calculation – Hach WIMS
Sludge blanket depth, ft 2 - 4 2x per shift
Sludge Judge Location
Surface overflow rate (SOR), gpd/ft2
800 – 1,200
Daily Calculation – Hach WIMS
KPIs continue on next page. Balanced flow between clarifiers
Not Available
Daily DCS
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
BOD removal, %BOD removal, %
COD removal, %
TSS removal, %
≥ 25
≥ 35
≥ 50
Increased loading on bioreactors.
Check for high sludge blankets. Check overflow rate & influent TSS. Check sampling technique and location.
*Sludge blanket depth, ft 2 – 4
*≤ 4
Poor/decreased solids removal rate.
*Increasing blanket depth early warning for potential poor effluent quality & decreased removals.
Inspect primary sludge pumps.
Adjust pump cycles accordingly.
Surface overflow rate (SOR), gpd/ft2 (average daily)
800 – 1,200
Poor/decreased solids removal rate at high SOR.
Too low of an SOR can result in too much carbon removal for good BNR.
Adjust number of clarifiers online as required.
If effluent BOD or COD drops too much (removals are too high), consider taking a primary clarifier offline.
Balanced flow between clarifiers
N/A Poor flow balance = inconsistent performance between individual clarifiers
Inspect influent weirs for solids buildup and remove buildup if present.
PS solids concentration, % TS
≥ 2.5 summer
≥ 3.0 winter
Poor WASSTRIP performance if too low. Rising/Anaerobic/Septic sludge if too high, especially in the summer.
Adjust sludge pumping cycle to achieve desired blanket depth.
Visual and Leading Indicators of Primary Clarifier Process Problems:
Black floating scum and bubbles at effluent end
Clear clarifier effluent
Visual Indicators of
Healthy Primary Clarifier:
Obstructed influent weir
*May not be a representative sample if it is at the waste location only.
Bioreactors Standard Operating Guidance – Overall
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical
Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location &
Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of desired/typical ranges.
Visually inspect each basin and channel for indicators of process problems. (Poor mixing, foam, scum, and debris on water surface – see photos)
Inspect blowers, mixers, and
NRCY pumps for unusual noise,
heat, or vibration and verify that
they are in REMOTE AUTO
mode.
Perform sampling and analysis
as required.
Bioreactor pH 6.8 – 7 Every 6 Hrs Effluent
Grab sample per
Bioreactor
Effluent alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3
> 100 8am Daily
MLSS, mg/L (dictated by aerobic SRT)
2,500 – 4,000 Daily
Anaerobic DO, mg/L 0.0
Every 8 Days verify
with portable DO sensor
Zones in each
bioreactor
Anoxic DO, mg/L ≤ 0.2
Aerobic DO, mg/L 1.0 – 2.0
DO in NRCY withdrawal zone, mg/L
1.5 – 2
RAS flow, % of PE flow 40 to 75 Daily Calculation - Hach WIMS
Effluent SVI, mL/g (30 min) 60 – 120 8am Daily Effluent Grab sample
per Bioreactor
Effluent NH3-N, mg/L < 0.4 Every 6 Hrs
Per Day MLSS distribution among
bioreactors, % ≤ 10%
variation Daily
Calculation – Hach WIMS
Calibrate and wipe down DO sensors on a different basin each day.
Deliver composite samples to GCDWR lab as designated on the Composite Sampling Collection and Analysis Schedule.
Aerobic SRT, days
12 – 15°C
16 – 19°C
20 – 24°C
≥ 25°C
10 – 12
8
7
6
Daily
Effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0.5 8am & 2pm
Daily
Effluent Grab sample
per Bioreactor
Per Week Effluent NO3-N, mg/L < 12
N/A *RAS NO3-N, mg/L < 5
8am Daily
Grab at Waste
Location (Header)
*RAS PO4-P, mg/L < 5
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
*MLSS distribution among bioreactors
≤ 10% variation
*Trend over time
Poor MLSS distribution affects removal efficiency in bioreactors.
*Increasing variation indicates potential issues
Check influent flow distribution and RAS flow to each bioreactor. All influent gates should be at the same elevation (fully open). Make sure all RAS flow is passing through the RAS blending system (“the spider”).
SVI, mL/g 60 – 120 High SVI indicates poor settling.
Microbiological exam to determine potential cause.
Bioreactor effluent NH3-N, mg/L
< 0.4 Potential permit violation
Check aerobic SRT, DO in aerobic zones (and confirm online probe accuracy), and flow split between reactors. Aerate swing zone if required. Check raw influent and primary effluent concentrations and loads to confirm no spike in loadings.
DO in zone of NRCY withdrawal, mg/L
1.5 – 2 Inhibits denitrification if too high
Reduce aeration near NRCY withdrawal.
Aerobic SRT, days 12 – 15°C 16 – 19°C 20 – 24°C ≥ 25°C
10 – 12
8 7 6
Too short – NH3 breakthrough, loss of nitrification
Too long – Increases effluent P from cell lysis. May contribute to pin floc.
Check SRT calculation. (Make sure WAS flow meter is calibrated and WAS TSS sample location is at the wasting location and is a well-mixed sample).
Check wasting location.
Check WAS TSS.
Bioreactor effluent PO4-P, mg/L
< 0.5
Increased alum and ferric usage.
Loss of P for nutrient recovery if treated with alum.
Check alum dose, RAS NO3, primary effluent P, NO3 and BOD. Address recycle P if primary effluent P is high. If primary effluent BOD/COD load is lower than normal, consider taking a primary clarifier offline. Check DO (confirm online probes) and SRT/wasting. Conduct N, P and DO profiles, bench scale testing and microscopic analysis to troubleshoot further.
Bioreactor effluent NO3-N, mg/L
< 12
Inhibits release of PO4-P by PAOs in anaerobic zone. Potential for floating sludge in secondary clarifiers. Potential for high NO3-N return to influent.
Check secondary clarifier sludge blanket levels, anoxic zone performance, and DO in the NRCY withdrawal location. Check primary effluent NO3-N concentration. Confirm NRCY pump is returning flow to the correct zone.
Alum dose, mg/L
Minimum required to
maintain SE PO4-P KPI
Increased chemical usage. Alum addition suppresses Bio-P. Reduces phosphorus available for nutrient recovery process.
Gradually reduce or increase (5 mg/L increments) alum dose and monitor secondary effluent PO4-P.
*Example photos only, not of FWHWRC
Visual Indicators of Bioreactor Process Problems:
Activated sludge foaming
Minimal foaming, uniform aeration pattern
Visual Indicators of
Healthy Bioreactors:
Uneven/minimal aeration
Secondary Clarifier Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location &
Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Visually inspect each clarifier: - Clarifier drives and gear boxes
operational - Scum removal system operational - Clarifier weirs and launders are clear of
debris - Water surface free of scum, pin floc,
floating sludge (see photos) - Clarifier feed trough free of foam - Clear effluent
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of desired/typical ranges.
Effluent TSS, mg/L < 15 Su, Tu, Th
SE Splitter Box (Comp.
Sampler)
Effluent pH 6.8 – 7 Every 6 Hrs
Effluent NH3-N, mg/L < 0.4 Every 6 Hrs
Effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0. 5 Every 6 Hrs
Effluent NO3-N, mg/L < 12 8am & 2pm
Effluent alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3
> 100 Every 12
Hrs
Influent SVI mL/g (30 min) 60 – 120 8am Daily
Grab at Bioreactor
Effluent Channel
Per Day
*RAS NO3, mg/L < 5
8am Daily Grab at waste
location (header)
Check number of clarifiers online, SOR and SLR. Deliver composite samples to GCDWR lab as designated on the Composite Sample Collection and Analysis Schedule. Confirm WAS sampling location is consistent with WAS pumping location.
*RAS PO4-P, mg/L < 5
RAS/WAS TSS, mg/L > 10,000 Every 12
Hrs
Surface overflow rate (SOR), gpd/ft2
300 – 500 (avg)
< 1,200 (peak hr)
DailyDaily Calculation Hach WIMS
Solids loading rate (SLR), lbs/day/ft2
< 25 (avg)
Per Week Clarifier sludge blanket depth, ft
2 – 5 Every 4 Hrs SC Bridge
Bleach all clarifiers effluent launders and weirs. Hose down the secondary clarifier influent trough, scum beaching plate, trough, and scum pit.
*May not be a representative sample if it is at the waste location only.
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator* Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Secondary effluent TSS, mg/L
≤ 15 Overloads tertiary processes. Check SOR, SLR, SVI to determine cause.
*Secondary effluent PO4-P, mg/L
*Trend over time *Increasing SE PO4-P indicates potential issues.
See Bioreactor SOG.
*RAS NO3, mg/L ≤ 5
*Trend over time
High RAS NO3 inhibits Bio-P.
*Increasing NO3 in RAS indicates potential issues.
Increase clarifier sludge blanket and check anoxic zone operation.
Surface overflow rate (SOR), gpd/ft2
300 – 500 (average)
< 1,200
(peak hr) Too high SOR/SLR overloads clarifiers. Put additional clarifier online if performance is low.
Solids loading rate (SLR), lbs/day/ft2
< 25
*Clarifier sludge blanket depth, ft
2 – 5
*Trend over time
Too High – Secondary P release, denitrification (floating sludge), high SE TSS
Too Low – High NO3 in RAS and/or dilute RAS.
Increase RAS rate.
Decrease RAS rate.
RAS/WAS TSS, mg/L > 10,000 Poor WASSTRIP performance. Decrease RAS rate if too thin.
*Example photos only, not of FWHWRC
Pin floc, solids in the effluent
Visual Indicators of Secondary Clarifier Process Problems:
Excessive scum, foam or grease on the clarifier surface
Clear clarifier effluent
Visual Indicators of
Healthy Secondary
Clarifier:
Algae growth, uneven flow, solids over weirs
Solids Contact Clarifiers (SCC), Recarbonation Clarifiers, and Granular Media Filtration (GMF) Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location
Review recent operating data, trends, and time of last GMF backwash.
Visually inspect processes and note abnormal conditions or indicators of problems (see photos).
Visually check SCC blanket level, confirm significantly (3 feet or more) below the effluent launders.
Perform sampling and analysis as required. Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not achieved or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent COD, mg/L
< 20
Su, Tu, Th
Recarb. Effluent Distribution Box
(Comp. Sampler)
Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent pH
6.5 – 7
Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent NH3-N, mg/L
< 0.4
Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent turbidity, NTU
< 2
Recarb. Clarifiers solids blanket, ft
< 1 Every 12
Hrs Recarb. Clarifier
Bridge
Recarb. Clarifiers Effluent TSS, mg/L
< 10 (and less than SE
TSS) Su, Tu, Th
Recarb. Effluent Distribution Box
(Comp. Sampler) Per Day Recarb. Clarifiers
Effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0.05
Backwash GMF Filters every 16-24 hours or as stated by shift supervisor.
Granular Media Filters Effluent COD, mg/L
< 20 Su, Tu, Th GMF Effluent
Comp. Sampler
Per Week
N/A
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicators* Range Impacts Troubleshooting
*SCC effluent pH *Trend over time
*High or low pH in effluent
indicates possible
problems.
Add alkalinity if pH is too low.
Recarb. clarifiers solids blanket, ft < 1 Poor solids
removal.
Check that sludge pumps are operational. Adjust sludge
pumping rate/time.
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicators* Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Recarb. clarifiers effluent TSS, mg/L < 10 (and less than SE TSS)
Can overload downstream processes if too high.
Check SCC operation. Increase pumping rate/time if sludge blanket is approaching/at the effluent launders.
Recarb. clarifiers effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 0.05 Potential effluent quality violation.
Adjust ferric dose.
GMF effluent turbidity, NTU < 2 Can overload downstream processes if too high.
Backwash filter, check/adjust SCC operations (chemical dosing, pumping).
GMF effluent TSS, mg/L < 2
GMF filter loading rate, gpm/ft2 2 – 5 Too high - overloads filters. Divert more flow to membrane train.
GMF effluent TP, mg/L < 0.08 Potential permit violation. Adjust ferric dose, check SCC operation.
GMF Terminal head loss, ft H2O 0 - 9 Poor filtration, turbidity/particle breakthrough.
Increase backwash frequency, inspect media.
Filter run time (time between backwashing), hours
> 16 High recycle flows if backwashing excessively.
Check backwash protocol, check performance of SCCs and Recarb clarifiers to reduce solids loadings.
Visual Indicators of SCC Process Problems:
Healthy Solids Contact Clarifier
Visual Indicators of
Healthy SCC Process:
High blanket, floating sludge
Chemical Clarifiers Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location &
Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Check ferric chloride feed systems and dosage rates.
Visually inspect process and note abnormal conditions or indicators of process problems.
Verify clear effluent with little floc carry over.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of desired/typical ranges.
Flow per train, MGD
≤ 13.3 (QMAX30)
Continuous DCS
Blanket depth, ft <1 Every 12
Hrs Chemical
Clarifier Bridge
Effluent pH 6.5 – 7.0 Continuous DCS
Effluent TSS, mg/L (Membrane Influent)
< 10 (and less than SE TSS)
Su, Tu, Th
Membrane Influent
Channel - Composite
Per Day Effluent TP, mg/L (Membrane Influent)
0.04 – 0.15
Membrane Influent
Channel - Grab
Check sludge bulking, wash down with hose. Increase pump time if there is bulking sludge.
Per Week
Conduct jar tests to fine tune operations, if necessary.
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicators*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
*Blanket depth, ft
< 1
*Trend over time
Floating solids, poor effluent quality. *Increasing blanket depth indicates potential issues
Adjust sludge pumping rate/time.
Effluent TSS, mg/L (Membrane Influent location)
< 10 (and less than SE
TSS) Overloading membrane process.
Check ferric dosage, confirm rapid mix and flocculation are working, and check hydraulic loading on plates.
Effluent TP, mg/L (Membrane Influent location)
< 0.05 Potential permit violation. Check ferric dosage, effluent pH, and flow per train. Check SE PO4 & TP that there isn’t a spike load.
Membranes Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location & Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Monitor drum screen operations.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of desired/typical ranges.
Influent pH 6.5 – 7.0 Every 6 Hrs Influent Channel -
Grab Influent TP, mg/L 0.04 – 0.15 Su, Tu, Th
Influent TSS, mg/L < 10 Su, Tu, Th
Influent Channel – Composite Influent Turbidity, NTU < 5
Effluent Turbidity, NTU < 0.1
Su, Tu, Th
Permeate Header (Comp.
Sampler)
Effluent TP, mg/L < 0.06
Effluent TSS, mg/L < 1
Per Day Integrity test result per membrane train, psi/min
< 0.2 Daily Run
sequence
Deliver composite samples to GCDWR lab (Su, Tu, Th).
Normalized Permeability, per membrane train, gfd/psid corrected to 20°C
> 2
Daily
DCS Per Week Membrane Flux, gfd < 24
Perform maintenance clean every 24 hours (per train). Bleach 6 times per week. Citric on Sundays. Perform recovery clean every 30 days (per train).
Transmembrane Pressure (TMP), psid <11 Continuous
Effluent Temperature, °C < 38 8am & 2pm
Key Performance Indicators
KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Integrity (air-hold) test result, psi/minute
< 0.2
Shows potential impact of operations on membranes e.g. too much air during scour or poor screening. Daily trend gives vital information on condition of membranes.
Depending on results, change air scour operations, check fine screens for breach, check/repair slamming backpulse valves.
Normalized membrane permeability, gfd/psid
> 2 Limits hydraulic treatment capacity, low permeability means membranes are fouled.
Check backpulse system, perform cleaning procedures.
Transmembrane pressure (TMP), psi
< 12 Too high TMP will cause pump cavitation.
Check temperature-corrected permeability, check backpulse system (make sure there are no stuck valves), backwash, perform cleaning procedures.
*Not photos of F. Wayne Hill membranes. Pictures for example only.
Visual Indicators of Process Problems:
Membrane integrity degraded - delamination
Clean & Unfouled
Membrane
Visual Indicators of Healthy
Membrane:
Unusually high solids loading
Pore plugging – foulant captured within membrane matrix
Ideal Pressure Decay Trend Stable Permeability
Unstable and Crashing Permeability
Unstable and Higher than Normal Pressure
Decay Rate
Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location &
Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Record number of GAC adsorbers in service.
Inspect GAC adsorbers and channels for debris, etc.
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Influent TSS, mg/L Not
Available Su, Tu, Th
GAC Inf. Splitter Box –
Composite Influent COD, mg/L
Effluent pH 6.8 – 7.4
Su, Tu, Th
Post-Ozone Dist. Box – Composite
Effluent COD, mg/L < 18
Effluent TSS, mg/L < 3
Effluent Turbidity, NTU < 0.1
Per Day Empty bed contact time (EBCT), min
30 – 45 1x per shift Calculation
Backwash GAC adsorbers every 100 hours or as directed by shift supervisor. Periodically observe backwash sequence for abnormalities.
Loading rate, gpm/ft2 2 – 3 Daily Calculation – Hach WIMS
Backwash media expansion, % 25 – 30 Daily -----
Per Week Fecal coliforms, #/100 mL < 2 Su, Tu, Th Post-Ozone
Dist.Box - Grab
Document any equipment that is out of service for unspecified reasons. COD Reduction %
Not Available
Daily Calculation – Hach WIMS
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
*Return to Service Headloss
*Trend over time
*Increasing trend over time could indicate need for media replacement.
Backwash filter, check backwash interval/duration, check underdrains, check condition of media.
Max Run time, hrs 100 Solids breakthrough, high effluent TSS & turbidity.
Backwash filter, check backwash interval/duration, check underdrains, check condition of media.
Filter headloss, ft Not
Available Reduced filter capacity.
Backwash filter, check backwash interval/duration, check underdrains, check condition of media.
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Effluent TSS, mg/L < 3 Potential permit violation. Backwash filter, check condition of media.
Effluent turbidity, NTU < 0.1
Expansion of media during backwash, %
25 – 30
Too low – insufficient backwash flow. Too high – loss/degradation of media.
Adjust backwash flow rate as required to achieve desired expansion.
Effluent COD, mg/L < 18 Potential permit violation if removal efficiencies remain low.
Evaluate upstream processes for possible causes.
Pre and Post Ozone Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location
Review recent operating data and trends.
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Adjust ozone dose as required to maintain desired residual.
Visually inspect process and note abnormal conditions or indicator of process problems.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage) every 4 hours.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Pre ozone dose, mg/L 1 – 3.6 Continuous DCS
Pre ozone HRT, mins 5.7 – 12 Daily Calculation Hach WIMS
Pre ozone residual, mg/L Sample point 0
Sample point 1
Sample point 2
0.3
0.1
0.0
8pm Daily
Ozone Contactor Sample Ports
Post ozone dose, mg/L 0.5 – 1.8 Continuous DCS
Post ozone residual, mg/L Sample point 0
Sample point 1
Sample point 2
0.3
0.1
0.0
8am &
2pm Daily
Ozone Contactor Sample Ports
Per Day Post ozone HRT, mins 23 – 46 Daily
Calculation Hach WIMS
N/A Ozone Temperature, °C 15 – 30 Continuous DCS
Per Week Ozone destruct inlet temp., °F 40 – 85 2x shift
Read gauge in field
N/A Ozone destruct outlet temp., °F 111 – 156
pH < 9 Daily Post-ozone distribution
box
Key Performance Indicators
KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Ozone demand, mg/L (applied dose – residual dose)
0.7 – 3.3 Increased demand may signal upset in upstream processes.
Check upstream process performance and make adjustments as needed.
Pre ozone residual, mg/L Sample Point 1
0.1
Too low - Poor organics destruction efficiency, poor performance from GAC filters. Too high – Unnecessary ozone usage.
If < 0.1 mg/L increase O3 dose by 0.5 mg/L, then wait 30 minutes and reassess.
Post ozone residual, mg/L
Sample Point 1
0.1
Too low - Incomplete disinfection, permit violation. Too high - Unnecessary ozone usage.
If < 0.1 mg/L increase O3 dose by 0.5 mg/L, then wait 30 minutes and reassess.
Rotary Drum Thickeners (RDTs) Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location & Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Note any other abnormal conditions.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not achieved or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
WAS solids, % TS 0.75 – 1.5
> 1
Every 12 Hrs
At Waste location, header
PSL solids, % TS 2.0 – 4.0
> 3
Every 12 Hrs
Primary Sludge Pumps - Grab
Blended feed solids, % TS 1.5 Every 12
Hrs RDT Feed Pump
Sample Port
WAS flow, gpm (total) 210 – 350
Continuous DCS PSL flow, gpm (total) 70 – 280
RDT feed flow per RDT (hydraulic loading rate), gpm
< 400
Per Day Polymer dose rate per RDT, lb/dry ton RDT solids feed
< 15 Daily Hach WIMS
Monitor and record RDT drum
speeds and percentage full of
each grease can.
Clean spray bar and nozzles.
Lubricate chain.
Verify trunnion wheels are
rotating smoothly.
Thickened sludge flow per RDT, gpm
70 – 190 Continuous DCS
Thickened sludge volatile solids, mg/L VSS
Not Available Every 6 Hrs Thickened
Sludge Pump – Grab
Per Week Solids loading rate (SLR) per RDT, dry lbs/hr
< 2,000 Daily Calculation Hach
WIMS Shut down, clean and inspect (all RDTs)
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator* Range Impacts Troubleshooting
RDT feed flow (hydraulic loading rate), each, gpm
< 400 Poor solids capture, low
thickened solids, excessive polymer dose,
premature wear and damage to equipment if
loading is excessive.
Reduce loading rate.
Solids loading rate per RDT (SLR), dry lbs/hr
< 2,000
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator* Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Filtrate total solids, mg/L TSS < 200 Overloading of solids to
nutrient recovery process. Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer dose
Thickened sludge total solids, % TS
> 6.5
Poor anaerobic digester performance due to lower digester HRT, increased heating load to anaerobic digesters.
Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer dose.
Polymer dose rate, lbs/dry ton RDT solids feed, each
< 15 Excessive polymer usage. Reduce polymer dose, optimize other RDT KPIs.
*Ratio of Thickened sludge flow to WAS + PSL flow
0.2 – 0.3
*Trend over time
*Too high – Not enough thickening.
*Too low – Too much thickening.
Check and optimize other RDT KPIs.
Chemical Solids Thickening Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location
Review recent operating data and trends.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Influent solids, % TS 1
As Needed Header Underflow solids, % TS 2
Overflow solids, % TS 0.3
Hydraulic Loading Rate, gpd/sf
< 100 Calculate N/A
Solids loading rate, lb/hr per sf < 0.25 Calculate N/A
Removal efficiency, % > 95 Calculate N/A
Per Day
N/A
Per Week
N/A
Key Performance Indicators
KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Blanket Depth, ft < 8 Poor solids capture Increase rate or duration of pumping chemically thickened sludge to centrifuges.
Removal efficiency > 95%
Poor solids capture, sending thin sludge to dewatering centrifuges, sending high solids stream to front of the plant.
Check hydraulic and solids loading rates. Check upstream processes. Check blanket depth.
Dewatering Centrifuges Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location
Review recent operating data and trends.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Sludge feed solids, % TS 2 – 4 Every 6 Hrs Centrifuge
Feed Header
Polymer Ratio, each 10 – 20
Daily Hach WIMS Dilute polymer feed rate, each, gpm
20 – 30
Centrifuge feed flow (hydraulic loading rate), each, gpm
150 – 190 Continuous DCS
Solids loading rate per centrifuge, dry lbs/hr
2,000 – 2,500
Hourly Calculation Hach WIMS
Per Day Centrate solids, mg/L TSS < 300 Once per Truckload
Centrate sample line
N/A Dewatered cake solids, % TS > 22
Once per Truckload
Centrifuge chute
Per Week Polymer dose rate, lbs/dry ton solids feed
≤ 30 Daily Calculation Hach WIMS
N/A
Key Performance Indicators
KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Centrifuge feed flow (hydraulic loading rate), each, gpm
150 – 190
Poor solids capture, low cake solids, excessive polymer use.
Reduce loading rate. Check feed %TS. Check upstream operations if %TS is out of range.
Solids loading rate per centrifuge, dry lbs/hr
2,000 – 2,500
Centrate solids, mg/L TSS < 300 Overloading of solids to nutrient recovery process.
Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer use.
Dewatered cake solids, % TS > 22 Indicates process failure, high hauling costs, may limit disposal options.
Reduce HLR, SLR, increase polymer use.
Polymer dose rate, lbs/dry ton solids feed
≤ 30 Excessive polymer usage. Reduce polymer dose, optimize other KPIs.
Anaerobic Digesters Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location
Review recent operating data and trends.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions or indicators of problems (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Monitor foam and scum build-up, operate the scum removal valve as necessary.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Daily totalized Thickened Sludge Feed, gpd
100,000 -200,000
Daily Hach WIMS
Daily totalized FOG flow, gpd 10,000
Thickened Sludge Feed Flow per digester, gpm
Not Available
Continuous DCS FOG Feed Flow per digester, gpm
Digester total solids, % TS 3 – 5 8am Daily At HEX
sample port
HRT, days > 15 Daily
Calculation Hach WIMS
Per Day Digester VFA per digester, mg/L as acetic acid
50 – 500 8am
Sunday HEX
sample port Record digester level. Digester alkalinity per digester,
mg/L as CaCO3 1,500 –
3,000
Per Week pH per digester > 6.8 Continuous DCS
N/A Digester volatile solids, VS/TS ratio
Not Available
Daily -----
Digester gas production, 1000 cf/day
240 - 550 Daily DCS
Digester temperature variation, °F
≤ 1°F over 24 hours
Continuous DCS
Volatile solids reduction, % 40 - 60 Daily Calculation Hach WIMS
Digester level, ft Not
Available Daily DCS
KPIs continue on next page.
*HEX = Heat Exchanger
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
HRT, days > 15 Too Low – Poor VS reduction, low gas production, unstable digester.
Monitor sludge feed rates.
*Digester VFA, mg/L as acetic acid
50 – 500
Hydrolysis outpacing methanogenesis. Digester “souring”.
*Rapid concentration increase indicates potential issues.
Improve uniformity and consistency of operations, HRT, feed sludge characteristics.
Feed often and with smaller volumes instead of large slugs.
*Digester alkalinity, mg/L as CaCO3
1,500 – 3,000
Buffering capacity insufficient to maintain stable pH conditions.
*Rapid decrease in alkalinity indicates potential issues.
Improve uniformity and consistency of operations, HRT, feed sludge characteristics.
Feed often and with smaller volumes instead of large slugs.
*VFA/ALK ratio
≤ 0.35
An early warning of digester souring.
*Increasing trend indicates potential issues.
Improve uniformity and consistency of operations, HRT, feed sludge characteristics.
Feed often and with smaller volumes instead of large slugs.
pH per digester > 6.8 Hydrolysis outpacing methanogenesis. Digester “souring”.
Improve uniformity and consistency of operations, HRT, feed sludge characteristics.
Feed often and with smaller volumes instead of large slugs.
Digester temperature variation, °F
≤ 1°F over 24 hours
Causes digester operational stress, poor performance, foaming.
Check boiler and HEX system, feed sludge temperature.
Volatile solids reduction, %
40 – 60 Poor process performance and stability.
Improve uniformity and consistency of operations, HRT, feed sludge characteristics.
Feed often and with smaller volumes instead of large slugs
Nutrient Recovery and WASSTRIP Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location
Review recent operating data and trends.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Reactor feed TP, mg/L 130 1x Day Shift
Per Online Reactor –
Influent Line Sample
Taps
Reactor feed PO4-P, mg/L > 100
Reactor feed Mg, mg/L 100 – 140 1x Day Shift
(M-F) Reactor feed NH3-N, mg/L 200 – 350
Reactor feed Imhoff, mL/L Not
Available 1x per shift
Reactor effluent TP, mg/L 65 Daily (Day
Shift)
Per Online Reactor, Effluent
Line Sample Taps
Reactor effluent PO4-P, mg/L < 25
Reactor effluent NH3-N, mg/L
Not Available
Daily (M-F)
Per Day Reactor effluent Mg, mg/L 1x Day Shift
(M-F)
Verify harvest reseeding schedule is being met. Flush DP Gauges.
Bag available product.
Reactor effluent TSS, mg/L 1x shift
Reactor effluent Imhoff, mL/L 1x shift
Filtrate: centrate feed flow
ratio 1.6 – 3.2
(2.4) Continuous PRISM
Per Week Reactor bed depth, ft 5 – 15 1x shift Handheld
Meters
Clean centrate/filtrate tanks every 2 – 3 months or as specified by plant manager/shift supervisor. Acid wash reactors every 6 months or according to pump health indicator. Acid wash centrate pumps every month or as required. Acid wash centrate piping every month or as required. Reseed each reactor as required.
PSL, % TS 2.0 – 4.0
> 3.0 Every 12 hours
Primary Sludge Pumps
WAS, %TS 0.75 – 1.5
> 1
Wasting Pump Station
RDT filtrate TSS, mg/L < 200 Every 6 Hrs Filtrate Storage
Tank
Centrate TSS, mg/L < 300 Every 6 Hrs Centrate Storage
Tank
WASSTRIP tank HRT, hrs ≥ 5 Daily Calc.
PO4-P removal, %
TP removal, %
> 75
> 50
Key Performance Indicators
KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting
PSL, % TS
> 2.5 summer
> 3.0 winter
Lower concentration dilutes PO4-P concentration and increases caustic usage for nutrient recovery.
See primary and secondary clarifiers SOGs.
Lower PSL %TS to avoid fermentation during summer.
WAS, %TS > 1
RDT filtrate TSS, mg/L < 200 Overloading of solids to nutrient recovery.
See RDTs and dewatering centrifuges SOGs for trouble-shooting
Centrate TSS, mg/L < 300
WASSTRIP tank PO4-P, mg/L
> 100 Suboptimal feed to nutrient recovery.
Ensure PSL is mixing with WAS in WASSTRIP tank, check bio-P performance. Check Secondary Effluent Alum dose.
WASSTRIP tank HRT, hrs
≥ 5 Insufficient time for phosphorus release.
Increase HRT by increasing level in outer WASSTRIP tank.
PO4-P removal, %PO4-P removal, %
TP removal, %
> 75
> 50
Increased phosphorus loading to head of plant.
Check reactor bed depth, product SGN (particle size), upflow velocity, reactor pH, and feed concentrations. Discuss with vendor if problem persists. In extreme circumstances take Nutrient Recovery offline and stop WASSTRIP mode of operation.
Gas Handling Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/ Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location &
Type
Review recent operating data and trends.
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Drain condensate from digester gas storage.
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Total Digester gas flow, 1000 scf/day
350 – 800 Daily DCS
Boiler gas used, 1000 scf/day 0 – 300 Daily Hach WIMS
Flare gas flow, 1000 scf/day 0 – 800 Daily DCS
Digester gas pressure, in. WC ≤ 15 Continuous DCS
H2S removal system outlet H2S, ppmv
< 5 Weekly Grab sample
H2S removal vessels diff. pressure, in. WC
≤ 2
Continuous DCS
Digester gas compressor outlet pressure, psi
≥ 35
Digester gas compressor outlet temp., °F
112 – 162 Daily Verify in field
Digester gas dryer outlet temp., °F 65 - 70
Continuous DCS Per Day Digester gas dryer differential pressure, psid
0.02
N/A Digester gas storage pressure, psi 10 – 65
Siloxane removal vessels diff. pressure, in. WC
< 10 Daily
Visually Read at DP
gauge
Per Week Engine digester gas siloxane, ppmv as silicon
6 Monthly Grab
Sample
Check H2S outlet concentration using Dräger tubes.
Engine digester gas pressure, psi 2 – 6 Continuous DCS
Engine digester gas usage (full load), scfm
523 Daily Hach WIMS
Engine CHP outlet temp., °F < 214
Continuous DCS Per Year CHP HEX outlet temp., °F > 140
Check glycol concentration in heat recovery loop annually every October/November.
CHP make up water, gallons 0 Daily Verify in field
CHP pump flow, gpm 180 – 220 Continuous DCS
CHP pump discharge pressure, psi 110 Daily Verify in field
Key Performance Indicators
KPI Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Waste gas burners pressure, in. WC Lead on Lag on All off
12 15 9.5
Overpressure of low pressure digester gas equipment.
Check gas pressure sensors and flaring system.
H2S removal system outlet H2S, ppmv < 5
H2S corrodes equipment, consumes media and compromises siloxane removal.
Regenerate or replace H2S removal media.
H2S removal system diff. pressure, in. WC ≤ 2
Restricts gas flow for compressor and causes negative pressure in gas piping.
Switch to standby vessel and reactivate/replace media.
Engine CHP outlet temp., °F < 214 With engine under full load, the hot water outlet temperature should be 214°F. To recover all available heat
from CHP system, return temperature can be lowered to 140°F out of CHP HX, which is the
engine inlet hot water set point. Outlet temperature will vary depending on digester heat demand.
Confirm digester hot water loop is maintaining temperature set point.
Confirm three-way valve control is operational and CHP pump flow rate.
To recover all heat, digester water loop temperature set point may need to be lowered to 155°F.
CHP Heat Exchanger (HEX) outlet temp., °F > 140
Engine digester gas siloxane, ppmv as silicon < 6
Build-up of silica in engine, which accelerates wear and tear on engine.
Switch to standby vessel.
Replace media.
Chemical Scrubber Odor Control Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/
Typical Range
Sample Rate
Sample Location
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions or indicators of process problems (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Sump free chlorine
residual, mg/L 25 - 50 Daily Sump
Fan inlet pressure, DP = 20
in. WC Monitor Trend 1x shift Read gauge in
field Fan outlet pressure, in. WC
Recirculation flow, gpm 740 Continuous DCS
Recirculation loop
pressure, psi 26 1x shift
Read gauge in field
Sump level, ft Visually Verify Daily Visually Verify
Per Day Make-up water flow rate,
gpm 5 - 10 1x shift
Read rotameter in field
N/A Sump blowdown color Clear Daily Visually Verify
pH 9.5 – 10.5 Continuous DCS
Per Week
ORP +650 Continuous DCS
Acid wash each scrubber biannually (1 scrubber / month)
Airflow, each, cfm 64,180 Continuous DCS
Airflow Rates Not Available Continuous DCS
Scrubber DP
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
Influent airflows, cfm North - East North - Center North - West
18, 810 36, 050 22, 356
Poor emissions capture, corrosion. Check airflow meter. Rebalance if required.
Scrubber airflow, each, cfm
64,180 Poor airflow balance between units, poor capture, poor removal efficiency.
Adjust fan speed.
pH 9.5 – 10.5
Target 9.5
Poor H2S removal if too low, scaling of scrubbers if too high.
Adjust caustic dose.
ORP, mV 450 – 700
target +650 Incomplete sulfide oxidation if too low, excess chemical usage if too high.
Adjust chlorine dose.
*Scrubber DP, in. WC
*Trend over time
Media scaling, short circuiting. Acid wash media.
Scrubber H2S removal, %
> 99.9 Odor emissions above fence line goal. Check system KPIs.
Bioscrubber Odor Control Standard Operating Guidance
Procedure Monitor
Per Shift Parameter Desired/Typical
Range Sample
Rate Sample
Location
Monitor mechanical systems and note any unusual conditions or indicators of process problems (vibration, heat, noise, leakage).
Perform sampling and analysis as required.
Alert shift supervisor if KPIs are not met or if monitoring parameters are outside of normal ranges.
Operation mode Dual bed or Single bed
Daily Confirm with Supervisor
Make-up water flow, gpm 2 – 3 1x shift Read
rotameter in field
Fan inlet pressure, in.
WC Monitor Trend
1x shift Read gauge
in field
Fan outlet pressure, in.
WC
Recirculation loop
pressure, psi 26 1x shift
Nutrient tank level, ft Monitor Daily Nutrient
Tank
Per Week Blowdown flow Confirm present
+ Visually Inspect 1x shift
Chem. Thickener or WASSTRIP
Calibrate recirculation pH probe. Sump pH 2 - 4 1x shift Sump
Per Month Scrubber airflow, cfm 10,500 1x shift DCS
Refill nutrient tank with Miracle-gro. Media Differential
Pressure (2 per unit) Upper: < 2” Lower: < 2”
1x shift Read gauge
in field
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
*Sump pH
2 – 4
*Trend over time
Low pH indicates biological process is working.
*Increasing pH trend indicates potential issues
Check pH probe calibration. Check system settings. Perform acclimation procedure as a last resort.
If too high – lower make-up water flow.
If too low – increase make-up water flow.
Scrubber airflow, cfm + / - 5% Corrosion, odor emissions above fence line emissions goal.
Adjust fan rate (damper).
*Media DP, in. WC *Trend over
time
High DP – Media fouling or plugging
Low DP – M edia short circuiting
Clean media.
Key Performance and Leading Indicators
KPI or Leading Indicator*
Range Impacts Troubleshooting
H2S removal, % > 99.9 Corrosion, odor emissions above fence line emissions goal.
Check water flow, air flow, and nutrient chemical feed pump operation. Perform acclimation procedure as a last resort.
Blowdown flow
Confirm present and
visually inspect
Never send blowdown to chemical thickener that is out of service. Low pH of blowdown could corrode concrete and equipment.
Open/close manual valves to send blowdown to in-service chemical thickener or WASSTRIP. If blowdown flow is not present, check make-up water flow and clean strainer.