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Allen, Early History and the Land Between 1
Preliminary Thoughts and Images
on
How Landscape Has Shaped the Early History
of
The Land Between
Bill Allen
January 11, 2007
Dedicated to Peter Alleythe man who was the first person in any discipline to understand the importance ofthe Land Between to cultural groups of ancient times and of the centuries up to the
time of colonization.
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 2
Idea #1: Scope of the study area and data area
Comparison of study area relative to data area
D Study areaDUpper tier municipality~ Data area
300 0 300 Kilometers
Idea #2: Canoe routes crossing The Land Between
Ri\'~r Hout~, Cro"illg The' LlIld B~f)\ C~II ill th~ Tinll' Prior to ('oloni/:llion I<""d,
•f !?ARRIE/1-1----
IIl__
Allen, Early History and the Land Between .
Idea #3: The river-based ancient fishing economy
3
r
I·
•••
1: ••
Stakes from Rama/Mnjikaning Fish Fence over 4000 years old
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 4
Idea #4: Sources of tool grade chert for making chipped stone artifacts
oL
Kilornetres
Silurian~:::':::;;:::1,"._~~!>~:</-:,"'j OrdOVICian"-~---.!
'00, 200I
II \I-Fh;. _~.Dj..;lrjl~·uthln ,'r! dlt'rt !c1(alitit'':: in tJrdo\'il:i,ln, :-iillln.-:ui. ,-tnd Dl'\l\I11.111 .H1t'rLh.:k~ id
~._Illthl'nl ()o(\ui,l. 1·\d.1pk\1 II\IIH Ih>\\"tIL t"-.I!'"}!.LI
Eley, Betty E. and Peter H. von Bitter1989 Cherts of Southern Ontario, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto (page 4)
Genesee Point circa 3500 years BP from Sparrow Lake, tip broken
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 5
Idea #4 continued ....
,\r:CILYOLUUlt',\!. n 1-:1'01:'1',
Ceremonial blade from Huntsville area, largest specimeu in province when donated in 1919
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 6
Idea #5: Sources of slate for ground stone tools: raw material source unidentified
Banded slate tools from:
Above - Carling Township, District of Parry SoundBelow - 2 sites at Sparrow Lake
rr,;
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 7
Idea #6: Nut and medicine grinding surfaces. Think of "medicines" and "ceremonialneeds" as much as "foods" in the collection process at The Land Between.
Sample from Honey Harbour area at location known to have specific Anishinaabeoccupant on lot.
Idea #7: Sacred Pictograph Sites
Mazinaw
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 8
Idea #8: Sequence of movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series)
Map A: 300 to 500 CE
Map B: 900 to 1300 CE
•.•••00
MAP A2 Location of early Nadouek village sites In south-central Ontario, AD 900-1300Source: Warrick 1990: 338
.•...
MAP A4 Location of Middleport village sites in south-<;entral Ontario, AD 1330-1420
Source: Warrick 1990: 355 :.; 'L..;•••.., ,.~,,;A~::~,;:..~~~,~~,~;~~~~~~~~JV~..~::;.:.:ir~i:;;..:;~~"j::~~1~3L:~~-:~:~r~:;7:"D7:it"'I~:~~F\:tz.~t4',,;~:"
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 9
Idea #8 continued: Movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series)
Map C: 1300 -1330 CE
.....
.•...
o 111 20 " "Ok •••••L. •.•.J ~ I
MAP A3 Location of Uren village sites in south-central Ontario, AD 1300-30Source: Warrick 1990: 349
Map D: 1330-1420 CE
LAKE
ONTARIO /110·00
~-~,.' ' ~,.-,-
.•...
I......
.•...
..
,-,. . ..
",..
--b~J.. ......
"""
L....J
I.•.•.
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 10
Idea #8 continued: Movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series)
Map E: Circa 1400's CE
...••
....•
MAP AS Location of early Late Prehistoric village sites in south-central Ontario (key: • < 2.0 ha; • ? 2.0 ha)Source: Warrick 1990: 365
Map # F: Early to mid 1500's CE
•• ,~.' •• ..::•• , •••• ~"" ,"W,'h"' ".' ' •.••
..... -
LAKE ONTAR 10
.•....
.•...
aD _ 40 ••••
iE=t=::I
MAP A6 Location of middle Late Prehistoric village sites in south-<entral Ontario (key: • < 2.0 ha; • ? 2.0 ha)Scun:e: Warrick 1990: 373
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 11
Idea #8 continued: Movement of agricultural groups over time (Warrick Series)
Map #G: Late 1500's to early 1600's CE
••••• '.''''- ~~ "fo • ~ b'- Ii ••.••
'( $
If 4-' l' /~ w ~ ~
Jf ".4 41"I:7~r~ l'~,
gI ~.~:~
J./Yi (0fJ1!jf ( ':r1# ,p- ~""'q:" ./: V,(· tP' .. '.' .-...... ~. i ._ L.. ~: _ J" .... !.' •.. '" 'c;, "-_ ..••••••
......
o 'lei 20 SO ~klW
L.J L.....:I I
MAP A7 Location of late Late Prehistoric village sites In south·central Ontario (key: • < 2.0 ha; • ? 2.0 ha)Source: Warrick 1990: 375
Map #H: Time of Contact, Champlain, Recollets, Jesuits 1615-1650 CE
.•.•.
• 10 •• .so ••• ",
B:mt~:.~: 'oj-MAP AS Location of protohistoric Wendat-Tionontate village sites In south-centraJ Ontario (key: • < 2.0 ha; • ~ 2.0 ha)Source: Warrick 1990: 382
- ," .'.- , .', "
• ""="'-':":" :-.:.,.;.,~·.;~..•..;j,.:::~.i(:,;.r~-.~a;•.L.t.":~.Mr~~~~~~~;.~;";,:~·:I:,;:;""j,,:~_
MAINE
o 150 km11 I , I I
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 12
Idea #9: Algonquian Groups of the Ottawa Valley Circa 1600 who used the so-called"Buffer Zone" which appears to include parts of The Land Between. This topic hasbeen researched very little in Ontario because most research sources are written inFrench.
Map 6
Algonquin, Attikamtk, Nipissing. Crte, and Ottawa Nations ca. 1600
/'"(
1'/
I(
~~()W~
',1
''''f"""; _J
---:"!!
.~ Lalee'" ! Champlain
NEW YORK
~ Nipissings 0Timiskamings •Algonquins supeneurs~•.~-
~Ottawas [QJJAttikameks •Algonquins inferieurs
.\I"~" II'0 Crees ~Buffer zone
Source: Raynald Parem, "lnventaire des nations amerindiennes au debut XVIle siecle",Rechtrchts amirindiennts au Q}dbtc. vol. 7(3-4), 1978.
Lok.
Champlain
o 100 IanI I I I I I
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 13
Idea #10: During the late 1630's and 1640's Ottawa Valley Algonquian groupstravelled overland via The Land Between to winter in Wendake (Huronia). This isan area of current research by Bill Allen who will report on the Kinouchepirini inparticular at the Algonquian Conference at York University in October, 2007.
Previous Allen related research concerns the 1641 migration of Algonquian groupsof the St. Lawrence to St. Elizabeth on the high land west of Lake Couchiching nearWashago. If these people were the Onontcharonon I believe these people would havetaken the same 40 day northern route through The Land Between that Margery didin the winter of 1636 as documented by the Jesuits.
The main east/west route, confirmed by surveyors between 1818 and 1854 wasBonnechere River to Round Lake, overland to Barry's Bay, down the Madawaskato York (Mishawashkong) River, up the York past Bancroft to Elephant Lake,across the height of land to Farquhar Lake and the Irondale River, overland to theupper Burnt River at Haliburton, overland to the Gull River at Minden, down theGull River to Norland, overland to Head Lake, down the Head River to DalrympleLake and Lake Couchiching.
Map 7Distribution o/Bands OV" Algonquin Tmirory
Source.: Roland Viau, res dine; ek 14 tmr. I:Ontributiona /Cth1Whisroirtde Algonquim ek /'Outaouais. 1600-1650. Manuscript.
Allen, Early History and the Land Between 14
Idea #11: With timbering and colonization the modern era of mass consumptionbegins and the old cultural patterns of the Land Between are squeezed out.
Colonization Roads\ P£'::'OK£~. in Ontario\,/"".\.----\~~"'-1N f3aWEE:N !.Ax, SI/1CO£ AND TH£ OrTAWA /JVER
\1/04D
BASED ON
, THE 1472 REPORT,. THE
\ "£MS~.t/ COMMISSIONER'" CROWN LANOS••.••...••.• DUWN IY-AW.MvIOO(:I4
\) ,.••.~lItLl..,
07";", ~''''4~ ••.·OPto
/oIGO ROAD
PIGURE 1. TOWNSffiPS OP MUSKOKA AND HALIBURTON. [Section of "Map of the Southern Part of the Province of Ontario," Department of Lands and Forests, 1961.]
