• Prefixes• Suffixes • Compound words, ex: telephone numb

er, bookshop• Collocation (words that occur together),

ex: black tea, heavy rain• Idioms are a kind of fixed expression as

they can’t be changed

• Synonyms (words with the same or similar meanings)

• Antonyms (words with opposite meanings),

• Lexical sets (groups of words that belong to the same topic area), ex: family, furniture, food.

• Word family, ex: real, really, realistic, unreal

• False friends (they are words which have the same of a similar form in two languages but a different meaning)

• Homophones (words with the same pronunciation but different meaning or spelling)

• Homonyms (words with the same spelling but different meaning)

• Varieties of English