Preface to Change: City Centre (1980)

8/3/2019 Preface to Change: City Centre (1980)

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DEPARTMENT OF TOWN PLAN ...'... CORK CORPORATIO N ~ ~

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PURPOSE OF 'IHE REPOR1'' lha p;IrpOse o f th i s repor t Ls to provide backgrouai :i.nt'onnatian fo r t he p la nn in g of aaviraaDentaJ.

.... .,I improvemB1:t8 i n t.'ba Centra l Reta:i..l Dis t r i c t of th e c i ty of Cork. '!be infozmation i s BUDDBriaed iD. a

s er ie s o f map6 1lbi.ch seek to show th e exi.Btii lg di.Btribut: iac.s aa:l spat ia l relat:ianshi.ps 'Which exis t :i ntha t area.

"!be repor t is di.vided. i1;Lto t h ree s ect icms . In th e f i r s t pa r t the Central Reta:i..l D:i.strict i s rev:f.ewed:I n i t s context ld thin the c i ty aai i ta re.lati.cmab:ip to :J?Ollcies contained within the Ci ty ' . Devolopgea.t Pl8n(1979).

In tb s secoa:d sec t ion ; gnq;b:lcal analysis i s presented. of the ex: is t iDg caoditiOI1B :In th e C8D.tralRata i l Distr io t l d th regard to 1aD:i use, trc:lJflportatiao. an d anviromlental cOIditiOllS .,.

r:'\ -11 -. . ' -li 1 tb e la t ter sec t ion an iD: i t ial iu lent i f ioa t icn of ' th e major issues i s presented.. 1b1s list be.~ e m & I l t e d dux'J.IJg the more deta i led inVest igat ion Wich wi.ll be oarr ied cu t i n th e pJ arming s tages of th e

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CON'lmIS

~ st\dy A r e a .-ContextR e t a i l Frcm:tag8R e t a i l Dif"f'ereo.tiationE x : 1 . s t ~ Pedes'tr.1.an PreoUwts.

~ ~ t ( Foocl ao:l Eo:terta:lrmimt.t ' ' l raffic Volume

ParkirIgs t ree t Fum.i:tm'e,

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, '- ,\,The primary area considered, in this study i s ,that identified as the area to be pedestrianised under t he pol icy adopted in th e City'6 DeveloPllent Plan 1979. This is th e area most commonlyidentified as th e Central re ta i l di s t r i c t of the City of Cork. As such i t serves as th e r e t a i l

foous fo r th e residents of the Oi ty and i t s sUrrounding area.!rhe boundary of th e area is somewhat f leXible, in that th e study will oonoern itsel:f witha reas pe riphe ral to that identif1ed above where such a re as a re occupied by oontinuous re ta i l frontageor areas which have functional links With th e Central Retail Dis tr iot " e x ~ p l e , ~ . ~ ~ ~ 1 : J~ a ~ n ~ ~ = ~ Q u where a major extension of th e Central Retail Distr ict is planne , ~ ~ I er e a si te

baS been identified for. th e fu ture construct ion of a car park compl.ex and North Main Street , awsy re ta i l shoppiIlg st reet which exists adjacent to th e Central Retail D 1 8 t r i C t 11 o f th es eareas ar e important to th e s tu dy presented here.. . . /

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CENTf lAL

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CONTEXT

This study i s ini t ia ted vdtbin the co ntex t o f t h policies and programme contained within th eCork Deve lopment :Plan, 1979.The Development Plan identifies th e area Within whioh only re ta i l uses Will be conaidered.This area def in es t he oore of th e Central Retai l Distr ic t . (see f igure 1) . The other policies

whioh concern this study ar e summarized below.~ ~ ~ ~ ! ! 2 a . . ~ 2 l l 1 : ~ ~

Figure 2 i l lust rates t he Cen tr al Area road network as contained Within th e City'S: :DevelopmentPlan 1979. One important objective in th e d es ig n o f this network is to remove through t raf f ic fromthe main shopping s t ree ts of th e Central Retail Distr ic t so as t o c re at e a substant i a l pedestrianarea .Area t raf f ic control i s a fundamental e lement in th e overall strategy whioh includes improved.publ i c t ransport , new roads, bridges and parking measures. The basic idea of area traffio control

is that traffio i s not a llowed onto th e road sys tem of. th e oontrolled area fas te r th an th an roadsystem is oapable o f d ea li ng w ith i t . The control areas wil l be introduced in stages. When th epolicy i s implemented, and buses \Vi ll be allowed to en t er th ese uncongested areas Without ha!ingto queue. -7 "T " - b 5 ~ L " L' Tt ~ " v Si 40w \.d b- r- (. '-- t: ... 10" u...-..... C--. ~ - - - . . : . . t . :

Parking control by regulation of th e type and number of parking spaces and of th e chargee made,forms another important part of this strategy. The supply of long stay parking wil l remain roughlyoons tant , while there should be an increase of approximately one-quarter in th e amount of shortterm park:l.ng. I t is envf.eaged that about 1600 addit iona. l spaces wil l be prOVided in mult i -atoreycar parks . Up to 600 on-street spaces cou ld be prOVided by extending th e disc zone. About 600spaces ar e l ikely to be lost in th e oourse of pedestrianisation end rerou:1iing t raf f io. The proposedparking polioy is summarized below.

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SystemL o n g - s t ~ spaces

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:Plan (1991)

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1500 -500

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DEVELOPMENT I=iLAN ";TRAFF IC PROPOSALS

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E n ~ e n t S l Improvement P o l i c i e ~J

The k e ~ ~ improvin8 th e environmontal quality of the City 's Central Retai l"Dis tr iot l iesin segretat vehioularr and pedes tr ian traff ' io 1n this area of high actiVity.--The City' s Development Plan proposes the int roduc t ion o f pedes tr i an i sa t ion sohemes in th earea, leading eventually to the creation of a subbtantial pedest ri an a rea oentred on Patriok Street as shown in Figure 1. The g re at er p ar t o f th e proposals are dependent on the ~ o v 1 s i o n o f additionaloff-s treet parking to replace spaces los t in th e oourse of pedestrianisatioDlf lrowever , there areareas Vlhioh ar e part icularly SUitable fo r early pedest r ian isa t ion . Identifying these Will be oneof th e purposes of this study.Seoondly, it i s identified wit hi n t he Development Plan that paving, landsoaping and streetfurniture o f the pedestrianised streets and ot:):ler parts of the City centre Will require oarefuldesi.8n 1n order to orea te p leasan t and at t ract ive t raff io free preoincts . I t is proposed that buses

. .11 oontinue to use Patriok Street and suitable provision fo r vehicular access to pedestrianareas wil l be required.I t i s to be hoped that this exeroise wil l prOVide the oppor tunity fo r th e C ity centre to beplanned in a war whioh wil l give it a co-ordinated s t rong identify in th e minds of th e residentsof th e City.

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R E ~ I L j ' R O N ~ G E

There ar e no hard and fast rules fo r definillg the, cen tra l Re t ai l Dis tr iot . Two or ite r iahowever .ar e important in th e definit ion of t he a re a. First it should be an area of almost oont inuousreta:Ll frontage thus offering few breaks 1n w1ndow display for t he pas sing shopper . Secondly,it should be l imited 1n a re a t o that whioh can be' easi ly vis i ted by a shopper on.foot. Thus it i sunlikely that th e laden shopper Wi ll be CCimfortabl.e traversing th e fu l l distanoe on foot fromth e eastern end of Patrick St ree t to th e nor-thernvend of North Ma:1n Street . To t ry and developthis area as a Central Retail Distr ic t would be to allow th e area to develop to a lower 1ntenaitythen i s bene f ic ia l t o th e promotion of a d1st1notive oentral shopping area. '

The r e ~ l heart of th e City is to be found along Patriok Street and Ol1ver Pltmkett Street ,WlSt at Pembroke Street . Off these two e a s t - ~ e s t spines i t oan also be conSidered to inoludeWinthrop Street , Cook Street , M a l b ~ ~ t , Prinoes Street and Academy Street . At th e westernend of Patrick Street it oan be consf.der-ed to include part of Grand Parade and part of 'Paul S t.Castle Stree t can be mtJre proptre cClls1dered as a l1nk between t he Cen tr al Retai l Distr ict andth e North Main Street shoppiXlg area.

Po r themost part re ta i l ing i s conrmed to th e ground floor of these frontages With onlyt he major d e p a r t ~ n t stores extending the ir r e t a i l floor space to the f i r s t and in some cases th eseoond floor.

The shop fronts along :Patrick Street provide an :!npr es s ive facade waver unfortunatelyth e ground floor facings have generally divoroed themselves from th e facades which can be seen onth e upper storeys.

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RETAIL FRDNTAGE

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R E ~ n DIPJ.i'ERENTIATIONThe Central Retai l D iS tr io t does not form a homogenous retai . l enVironment fo r th e shopper.

I t can be d i ffe ren t ia t ed in to several dis t inot retai.l ' areas each of which has i t s own oharacter.I t 1s neoessary to recognise these an d to make environmental improvements which both enhanoeand r e in foroe the functiCllliDg and appear-ance of t he se a re as .! ! L ~ t m e , g . : L S ~ 2 ! : 2 ~ h 9 p p ~ ~

Centred an th e eastern end of Patriok Street i t presently comtains four department s to re s v i z.Roohes, Caahs, Penneys and Dunnes , and one large shopp:1J:Jg arcade Viz. Savoy Centre. In GOlnbination111s area generates th e larges t pedestrian flow found in th e Central Retail Distr ic t . The majorproblem faoing this area- i s :'bhat i t i s divided by a wide st reet whioh is oons tant ly traversedby pedestrians.

Represents th e major shopping -s tJ:: ee t in the Central Retai l Dis t r io t . The strength of i t s1 m ~ e is enhanoed b.Y i ta l imi ted leng th and th e c r e s o e n ~ shape it follows. The a t r ~ e tcontains most of the larger shops to be found in the Cent ra l Retail Distr iot . The majority of th e 'department stores ar e looated on t st reet . The only weak par-t of th e Street i s found at th eMerchants Quay end of the st reet . An eXi st ing proposa l Wil l see th e redevelopment of this area.The major problem experienced by shoppers to this area i s the need to cross and recross th e rosywidth of Patriok Street . The proposal in th e Development Plan wil l see th e eventua l reduot ion inth e Width o f th e st reet in order to accommodate only bua t raf f io.

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Second t o Pa tr ic k-Street as a re ta i l area, r d if fe rs i n oharacter f Thearea inoorporates Ol:lver Plunkett Street and th e re ta i l portions of Pembroke, Winthrop, Cook,Mar1borough and Prinoes Streets . The area is mainly small specialized shops which rely 00 beingclose to th e major t raf f ic generators located on Patrick Street nearby. This area also ha s manypubs and restaurants and two hotels giving it a l ively af ter hours atmosphere. All of th e streets1n the area are narrow and could be pedes trianised provdded goods loading arangementB can be t > ' o ! . - ~ L . ~ 6 ~ " -p l ~ v 1 d e d . -


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MA.JCA SHOPPING AREAS

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d) Market Area.

This area inoorporates th e Corporation owned English Market and Prinoes Street Market and th enewly developed Market :Parade. This area provides an onen trading environment for th e selling oft resh produoe. I t s looation provides l inks between Patr1ck Street , Grand :Parade and Pr1n,oes Street .This area is to be modernised Vdth th e general aim of improving th e hygiene and struotural conditionWhile retaining tb e oharaoter of th e complex as fa r as possible.t

Trad i tiona l a r ea of street trading in Cork. G a i n s ~ s t o m from i t s proximity to th e Central RetailDis t r iot and to th e North Main Stree t Shopping Area.. :Presently th e area is in l ine beoause oft he inor ea sing t raf f io congestion on Cornmarket Street . The area also suffers from a lack ot organ-isation of th e area fro street trading.

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Peripheral to th e central re ta i l dis t r ic t , however, Castle Stree t forms an important 'l inkbetween that area and th e strong shopping/diS,triot found on North Main Street . Seve ra l smal le rdepartment stores ar e located in th is in general shows less specialization th at ,-tb e shops oontained wit hi n t he central re ta i l dis t r ic t .

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~ I S T n m _ ~ ~ T B I A N PRECINCTS.

T Oi ty has previously experimented with pedes trianised areas. Several years ego th e f'ourst reets which ru n between OliveI' Plunkett Street and Patrick Street were olosed to t raf t io on 811. experimental basis . However th e concerns of l ooa l t raders on these streets 'led to the, experiment, being a.bandoned on 'a ll bQt Prinoes Street . S,ince that time both shoppers and retai lers have foundthere is muoh to be gained from shopping in a. vehicle free environment. The Savoy Centre was ' .opened as a pedestrian shopping mall in 19 , Market Parade was 0 ened in 19 and Queens OldCastle pedestrian arcade was opened in late 1979._ The l ish Market, :Princes Street Market have,,- provided a t raf f io free shopping environment fo r many t raders for many years .

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EXISTING PEDESTRIANPRECINCTS

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POOD AND ENTERTAINMENT 'The Central Retail Distriot together vd th providing an almost oont inuous re ta i l f ront ag e, a ls ooCllta1ns other funotions Whioh ar e an import811t part of th is area. These ar e the p rovi sion of - ~ b - : : : ' .restaurants, entertainment and cul tural o p p o ~ i t i e s for residents of th e oity. I t is thereaotiV1ties that give l i fe to tb a Central Retail ' area after th e shops a re o lo se d.ID f igure 4 i s shown t distribution o f oultural centres, hotels , oinemas, restaurants and

pubs. Tbe Central Retail Distr ic t i nc lude s t he h ighe st concentration o f these funct ions foundanywhere in the ci ty . Unlike th e r e t a i l sector which i s primarily fooussed along Patriok andOliver Plunket t Streets the food and drinking establishments are looated primarily along th enarrow s t reets enend:LDg between Patriok Street and th e South Mall. I t is in th is area that most

after hours aotivity i s conoentrated.~ . : ~ of the seven cinemas in th e city a re l oc at ed ,in the Cent ra l Area and the three - C 8 Btheatres ar e located on th e edge of th e Central area. The Tourist Information Offioe and t he Cen tr alL1brary together W1 th three small a r t gal ler ies arealso looated in or close to t he a re a. Thoseof the major hotels in the city have central looations although th e 1_ "; ajor i ty have sought

loec.t1on ro.tside of the are a. ",- /Three nightolubs relat ively new arr ivalSin Cork /are located in and near th e Central RetailArea.From th e distribu:tion of these functions i t would appear that th e streets adjacent to OliverPlunkett Street provide th e greatest opportunities for after hours enterta.1nment seekers."

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FOOD AND. .. E N T E R T A I N ~ E N T

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19/25

' l raf ' f 'io volunes were measured. in 1976 in preparation. fo r th e ana lys is 1ohicb. l l t8S c ar ri ed o utBIt par t of ' the LaJd Use/Transportat io n Stu:ly o f the Greater Cork Area. 'Iba peak avm, :fl.olllS are dIov:1in :f"i8ure 9 ootwen th e major trat ':fic in tersec t ions entering ao:l ex i t ing :from the Central Retail . 'Di.8 tr l .ot .Whi.1e theBe floW] do not show thavo1t.mes en a l l s t r e e t s they do ident i fY tb e major floll/S enter iDgth e area an an average IOOrn.iog. bear les t fl.0l0IS are taken en the routes pe:riP:1era1 to th e Cent ra lRetaU Dis t r i c t 1bil.e they are general ly qui te lOll even O Il Patr ick street . 'Iba proposals }resen ted i nthe C ltyt:l Devel.oPD8Ilt Plan wi l l change these fl.0W' r a : : t i . ~ bowve.r 1d.l.l. make few to the .

DStwoxk as IreSent ly :In UBe. ,'!be fio'W:l 'Will be IOOi-e eff ic i aii t iy dis t r ibu ted by th e ~ t r u e t i o n .of ' three new br:Wges, tlIQ to c ro ss th e North ~ ani an a to cross the south . cbarmol . '1b.ese 'Wil1do DUOh 1(0 ooqJediate the now ot t ra ff io th e i..91aD:1 fonned by th e 'Cen t ra l Reta i l D:i.strict

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TRAFFIC FLOW(1 hr . .m. p k J

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Since March 1975 th e 'Park SyBteml o f paii:d.ng ocm:trol 'WaS mtroduced mto th e cen'Cral part ;::o f Cork. 'lb.iB s y s t ~ cons i s t s o f p r e - I U I ' C ~ e d paper t i cke t s on discs an Wioh the IOOtoriBtpmcbes th e Dmltb., da;y of th e month aD i t ime of parking. At IJ['eBent tb re are 2,900 park ing spacesdea:f8na.ted UDd..er th e system. '!base are cliv1ded m to three zoc.es ident i f ied. by th e length of 'stq th e IOOtorist ca n ~ a t arJY' stop. 'lb.e cEln:tral area :i s res ' tr ioted to a Eme bour park ingJ . :imit , l t1:Ue areas perj..I:iJ.eral to the C8I1'tral DJ,sjneBs Dist r io t allow fo r t'WO or ihr 'eebour s tays .At pl:'eSent sbor t tennparkiJ:lg is prov:ided on nearly a l l of ' too reta:U a t rea t s i l l t he Cent ra lReta i l ~ t r i c t .

Lm:ag tenn stCfB are a t a praniun. Four1:mD:lred am s ix ty pa y places ar e presently provided.in several surf'aoe park ing lo t s . A f'urtl1a:r 1,500 'ree par1dDg spaces are available, ba.lf' o fl iUab are 10ca ted : in pr':i.vate lo t s .

'lb:lrteeo. ofi ' -etreet oar parka are presently operated by the Corporat:i.on. 1hes e p rov id e762 speoes , ReoeD.t cbalges :i n th e restriot:i.ca::w on these oar parks have been nale to ensur-ea reBl3


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In th e CaJ.tral Reta i l Dis t r i c t of: Cork there ,:1.8 ~ a c . t l y a Vr;rLy J.im:ited rang-e of" suah :furn.isbiJJs.' lb is i.e par t l y du e to th e narTO-wnesS of" ma:liY of" th e s t r ee t s , W::rl.cb. present ly are forced to acocmoodateooth Vehi.al.es D :l pedestriens. The grea tes t array of: s t r e e t :f\m:rl.sb:1.t:lgs i s f'0UDd OD. th e wide pavemEntsSlXl reserves located along Patr ick s t r e e t an l Grcn:l Par-ede , 'The distr- .lbution of ' pt"eSent1y ex is t ings ' t reet :fUmi.ture i s SboVl.on f'i.gw'e 8. 8el:vi.ces f"ourrl in the ar-ea are teleIiJone k:i.05ks, pa s t boxes,loIaSte bins aa:l en iD.:fonnation board. Functiooa1.. uses also f'omrl ar-e bus sb.el.te:rs ot: va:rying designs,balcb.es f 'or si t t i . I Ig co:l bollards fo r making e n ~ .

' Ihe us e o s t ree t :f 'urnishings as a mealS of :improvi.ng th e aesthet ics o f t he u rb an enviroI:ment isaB yet l lmited to th e severa l roomtnents located on th e Cen tra l r e se rves of" ~ E D i Parcde cm:l Pat r ickstreet , ao:l to tb .e 'reMnt int:roduction of : bri.c!c se t ts to improve th e vi.sua1 appearance of sane of th epavEIDEJD.t alaog Patrick S t r e e t ~ '

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PLANNnp ISSUES,!. .

'!he exis1;;Lng OOD:titian sUJJDarised. in the 'previou s sec t ion ident i f 'y a ser ies of planning issuesllbiah III.1at be resolved in plan fo r the :I..mprovemm.t of the e:fficienoy an i attractiveness a th eCsn:tral RetaU D:l.strlot, ,, I

'lbase issues are i.dantif 'ied UDcler a se t of systematio hestings,

Cityac.a,pe(a ) 'D1e Ccm:traJ. RetaU Distr ic t lacks 8DiY on-street focal points Wich provide a strong

imageabi.li.ty Emmg users o f the area ag , tollD. squares, natural 'gateWCfS' etc ,(b ) '!be C8:ltral Reta i l Dis1:ri.ot l.a.cks a:q areas ' lhere th e pedest r .im. shopper o r v i si to r canres t in a pleasant at t ract ive eIIVi.ranEmt : away f'rom) but o1ose to I th e In.1stle ao:i 'bwItle o-r , 'th e sbopp;i.Dg area,(0) Lack of a ocm:t:l.mwus retai l . :f'rcm.tage weaktacs th e dra.ld.ng power of sane streets ag . PaulStreet Oliver Phmkett S tr ee t e as t o f Wintbrop Street ,(d ) GIrouDd f1.oor shop :rBCEdes are oftEm. divorced !'ran th e upper f loor facEdes giv:Lng a lack o foontimlity to th e streetsoape,

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. .(0) Direot:i.aDal s:i&Dage preeently i s founi:l in areas Were it conf'llcts 14th. tb s flow '1 o f pedestriCllB, .

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(a ) Street fumiture presently used to e:cbacoe the streetsoape a t present i s min ima l , 'Iba:t 'undsbiDga Wich do exLat are unoo-ordiDated,

(b) Mi d st reet reserves ar e .p:'es ently U8ed fo r pa.rldng and tax i staxis, '!beSEl areas need tobe be1iter organised, .

(d) st reet i n tb s CarDoalimt area i s bapuga rd an d visual ly unsppeal..1.Ilg.{a) P8Y'&A&Dt surfaces are vi.sually l.D1attiractive at d create mac;y obstacles fo r pedea1:r.l.&Ja.

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24/25

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U A ~ . V I S U ~MM/II( CIUIlf t 'UI ' W/vtII -.-.....I'JIAN/) , PARADI' A lJr: H!AVY pt!Des-nruAHCoN. E"'TS 1'l.01J. C D N ~ C . - r '..TS A IL-U (ANO P w,-r... " ~ c . J 4 u... S ~ ,

IIu.'/V - r R A F ~ / C . C J J N ~IN . v J ~ H / ~ t:#" G..P.o.. .' I I .'

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HEAV'I 'TRAFJrlCeCtJBasTIQ,J 't:DN"-Jc.."t'

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C ~ A K E T~ . - r -rRROINC. INIJED Q1 : I U ! ~ A I ' % A ' T U : j l J


25/25

Tra:f 'f ' j .o(a ) Pedes"triaD/vebicular oonfliots are :rourld an lIIalY of ' th e narrow s t ree ts . in the CentralR e lll.sXzri,ot ag . Winthrop, Cook, MarJ.borough., Princes, Oliver PJ.unkett, Paul 'and CastJ.e

s t ree ts .

(b) Several vary congested intersections are f ound wba re mor e than vebicul.ar s t ree ts meetag. Gracd Pardde/Patrick. st /Paul st/CastJ.e St and Con:mark.e t ) Wintbrop;. s t /Ol lver PJ.unkattand PEIDbroka Street.

ParkiJag(a.). Poor ~ e B S fa r pedesir lans f'rom periIiJ,aral p a r ~ ar-eas to t h e Cent ra l Retai l D i ~ t r i o t .(b ) D.J.egal parld..ng in lanae pt"want use of ~ areas f'or goods delivery.(0) Lack of abort-s tay in aa:l near to the Central. Rata:l.l Distr iot .(cl) D.J.egal park:ing on st reet reBerY'es causes res t r ic ted area available for pedestr iana -endveh1aulaz:- trat 'f ' io.

.- .

Wide sWPPi:nB' street::; are cii.fficult fo r pedeetrian.s to croes , Ja y waJ.k:i.ng oftensea areccmoon C!G'. Grani Paraie aai Patr iok Stree t . :==- c:= -"Narrow pllVEIIlWlts aD i parked cars force pajeatr ians to use th e s'Qleet as a pavement in manycases ag . Wintl:Jrop, OliveI' PJ.l.Ullmtt, Marlborough, Cook and Pri.wes st reets.

(a)(b)

s t r ee t Fumisb.ingsS'tt'ee.ts, a:i especially pavEIDID.'ta are sul.table locat:i.oDS for ..-arious fUmisb:1.ugs wbich provide

s emce s fa r th e pedestrian. These, if ' arranged p roper ly , c an do Dlch to enhance th e urban ~ an to provide esscm.tial services to people us:itlg the az:-ea.I -

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Documents

Preface to Change: City Centre (1980)