Pre Knowledge Attitude and Practices...Female 20% 15% 25% 25% 15% Ela’ahabad Bukhara Kotla Mughalan Muhammad Pur Noor Pur Manjuwala •Fieldwork days from 22nd – 27th August Qualitative

September 2011

Sensitive but unclassified Sensitive but unclassified

Pre Knowledge Attitude and Practices

Analysis of a 5 Union Councils of Rajanpur survey conducted by

September, 2013

September 2011

Sensitive but unclassified

Contents

• Background

• Purpose of the Survey

• Research Approach

• Qualitative and Quantitative Sample Split

• Findings Qualitative and Quantitative

– Executive Summary

– Water Section

– Sanitation Section

– Hygiene Section

– Waste Disposal

• Appendix

Page 2

September 2011


Background

Keeping rural perspective in mind client selected Rajanpur for its upcoming project. Rajanpur is one the districts of

Southern Punjab which is an established poverty-stricken area. Population faces acute deprivation of basic human

needs like education, health, water and sanitation. District is located in extreme south of Punjab with a geographical

linkage with Sindh and Baluchistan. The said land is sandwiched by river Indus on one side and by Suleiman

Mountains range on the other. Rajanpur was badly affected due to floods in 2007, 2010 and 2012. General public do

not have any facility of hygiene and experienced inadequate water and poor sanitation. Common use of unsafe

drinking water, poor hygiene and improper sanitization practices among targeted communities contributed to high

mortality rates among children less than five years of age. There is a dire need to mobilize, sensitize and motivate

targeted communities to attain open defecation free status and adopt improved hygiene practices.

So project aims at contributing towards improved quality of life of targeted communities by bringing positive

changes in their behaviors through increased knowledge, positive attitudes and improved health & hygiene, water

and sanitation practices.

Page 3

September 2011


Purpose of Survey

The survey was conducted to assess the target group’s

knowledge, attitude and practices towards water, hygiene &

sanitation and their media habits. . Also the survey will

support and serve as baseline information for MAP to

evaluate its project impacts at the end.

Page 4

September 2011


Approach & Methodology

A hybrid approach was used thus providing both qualitative

and quantitative insights.

Focus groups were conducted for Qualitative Phase and Face

to Face interviews for Quantitative.

Page 5

Approach

Qualitative

FGD's

Quantitative

Face-2-Face

September 2011


Page 6

Qualitative: FGD Split

Kotla Mughlan Mohammed Pur Total

Females

(1) 24-35 yrs (3) 36-45 yrs 2

SEC B SEC CD

Males

(2) 36-45 yrs (4) 24-35 yrs 2

SEC B SEC CD Total 4

• Four groups took place as per the above profile with 8 participants in each group • Fieldwork days from 24th August

September 2011


Page 7

Quantitative: Sample Split

Geography

District Tehsil Union Councils Number of villages Sample

Rajanpur Tehsil Jampur 1. Ela’ahabad 4 40

Rajanpur Tehsil Jampur 2. Bukhara 3 30

Rajanpur Tehsil Jampur 3. Kotla Mughalan 5 50

Rajanpur Tehsil Jampur 4. Muhammad Pur 5 50

Rajanpur Tehsil Jampur 5. Noor Pur Manjuwala 3 30

Total 20 200

50% 50%

Male

Female

20% 15%

25% 25%

15%

Ela’ahabad Bukhara Kotla Mughalan

Muhammad Pur

Noor Pur Manjuwala

• Fieldwork days from 22nd – 27th August

Qualitative Findings

September 2011


Executive Summary

• Media

– Most of the males were working in fields from 6 to 15 years as they don’t get enough time for fun or TV viewing but females watch TV regularly and follow different programs.

– Newspaper and radio was neglected except few respondents pointed out Rajanpur and Multan station.

• Water

– They don’t store water they use hand pump which guarantee them fresh water and this water is used as per their need.

– Due to unclean water diseases attacks them which have a bad impact on their health

• Sanitization

– Poor sanitation system is responsible for polluting their water.

– They usually use washroom in their house as there are no public toilet but when they are outside so they use bathroom either at Masjid.

– Participants mentioned the need to provide proper sewage system by government.

Page 9

September 2011


Executive Summary

• Hygiene & waste disposal

– Hygiene is the key to health they clean their homes twice a day but they don’t have proper basket inside home so they are habitual to throw garbage outside home. Plus they sometime burnt the garbage but not on regular basis

Page 10

Detail Findings

September 2011


Daily Routine – Females “The busy bees”

• Females tend to wake up early in the morning and some of them recites Quran paak and performs namaz after waking up.

• They are the busy bees who is responsible for all household chores.

• All of the females are responsible for waking up their kids, prepare breakfast for everyone at home.

• “I send my children to school”

• After sending their children to school they start up their household chores like dusting, cleaning, washing clothes and preparing meal for a day

• Some of them also get their daughters help in household chores

• Beside their daily chores most of them also stitch their clothes themselves and work out in fields to earn some money for better living.

– “I go out and collect cotton “

– “I make serving tray to earn some money”

• Most of them usually sleep early at night

Page 12

September 2011


Males

• Participants were daily wagers (Laborers) and small vendors in their respective villages. They were working in respective fields from 6 to 15 years and most of them are working in fields.

• They get up with dawn usually and go to work around 8:00 am and come back around 6:00 pm. They do not get much time for fun/relaxing.

– “After breakfast I go to work”

– “I also drop my child to school”

– When I return home in evening I spent quality time with my family”

• They participate in household work on need basis not regularly/frequently. Their work include fetching water, purchase of household items (FMCG) from shops, kids pick & drop for school and disposal of garbage.

– “I am responsible for my household grocery ”

Page 13

Media Habits

September 2011


Media Habits

Television:

• In Males TV viewership is bit low in both targeted areas due to tight working hours and load shedding.

• Most of them come to know about happenings from friend circle and people around them.

• On the other hand females like to watch television as they usually stay at home they give importance to Television viewing because they get to know with recent happenings

• Television is also the source of entertainment for them as they like to watch morning shows, drama and news as well

• “I turn my TV on after lunch time”

• “I watch jurm bolta hai on ARY entertainment”

• “I like program like hum sab umeed se hain”

Channels:

• The channel they mostly watch is Geo ,ARY news , hum tv and ARY

Page 15

September 2011


Media Habits

Newspapers:

• Newspaper reading was neglect able in both areas.

Radio:

• Likewise radio penetration was low as few male respondents pointed out to Radio Rajanpur and Multan stations.

Advertisement:

• Ads are watched and liked by majority but ads which show the message are of importance

• Most noticeable ads are of soap, detergent etc

Page 16

Water Section

September 2011


18

Hygienic

Stink free

Need to be pure

Don’t waste

Life Clean

No Dirt

Following were spontaneous association with water

Fresh

Cost free

Water – Spontaneous reaction…

September 2011


Water usage – Spontaneous association

• Water is perceived to be main source of living as everything in life revolves around it.

• Following are the spontaneous association with water:

– Water should be hygienic

– Water should not be waste

– It should be free of stink

– When we open the tap there should be water in it

– Without water nothing is possible

• Participants use water for drinking, cooking, cleaning and washing.

Page 19

September 2011


Water usage - Storage

Storage:

• Most of them do not store water for household use as hand pumps guarantee them fresh water at time of need. They get water from hand pumps installed in their home premises.

– We are totally satisfied with out hand pump system

• They use same water for all household needs ranging from drinking, cooking, cleaning and washing.

• Females mentioned that they wash their clothes by same water they use to clean their homes

• Most of them do not boil drinking water

– Water is used for taking bath

– I take shower every day

Page 20

September 2011


Water – Clean water

Clean & Pure water:

• Pure water is described as healthy, clean without germs health hazards minerals.

• According to participants, getting pure water is problem for them as sewerage water is polluting underground water sources.

• Dirty water makes them and their children sick.

• Common diseases mentioned are diarrhea, malaria, lungs infections, typhoid, stomach infection and skin diseases.

• These diseases have bad impact on their day today routine, their resources (money) are wasted and work also get suffers.

• They were more worried about kids and their health due to lack of water purification facility.

Page 21

September 2011


Water – Clean Vs Un clean water

Page 22

• Pure water is described as healthy, clean without germs health hazards minerals.

Clean & Pure water

• According to participants, getting pure water is problem for them as sewerage water is polluting underground water sources.

• Dirty water makes them and their children sick.

Unclean water

September 2011


Water – Disease with water

Page 23

• Common diseases mentioned are :

• Diarrhea,

• Malaria,

• lungs infections,

• Typhoid,

• Stomach infection and

• Skin diseases.

Disease with water

• These diseases have bad impact on their day today routine, their resources (money) are wasted and work also get suffers.

• They were more worried about kids and their health due to lack of water purification facility.

Effect of disease

Understanding with Sanitization

September 2011


Hence sanitization is associated with sanitization system and problem created by it

Sanitization – Spontaneous reaction …

September 2011


Sanitization – The most concerned area

Page 26

Need of Time

• Proper sanitation is the need of hour and they were most concerned about sanitization.

Healthy Life

• Participants believe proper and prompt sanitation system would lead them to a healthy life.

Poor sanitization leads to unhealthy life

• They also believe that poor sanitation system is polluting their underground water system and leading them to unhealthy living

Hence everyone stressed to have improved

sanitization system in their area

September 2011


Sanitization – Bathroom & Drainage system

Page 27

• Washroom is situated in a corner of courtyard and only one is available at home for all family members who use them on regular basis when and where needed.

Where it is Located

• They do not have proper sanitation facilities for used water in house or in street.

• They dig up hole outside wall and clean them on convenience and dispose it off in street as no proper sewerage is installed in areas.

Drainage system – at home

September 2011


Sanitization – Outdoor Bathroom & Suggested improvement

Page 28

• They usually use washroom outside home when needed and it could be a nearby mosque or some crop/farm outside populated area.

• There is no specific criteria except place should be covered from outsider/passerby.

• There are no public toilets reported for male/female.

Outdoor Bathroom usage

• They mentioned a proper sewerage system by government is necessary.

• There should be proper gutter for each washroom and other used water sanitation.

• This would prevent them from diseases and lead them to a healthy life and atmosphere.

Suggested improvement

September 2011


Consumer speaks

• When water is not neat we get to know from its smell and taste of boring

• Government take 10 to 15 days to wipe this sewage water

• This sewage water sometimes enter in our homes in rainfall season

• We used to clean water lanes everyday by our self

Page 29

Understanding with Hygiene

September 2011


31

Clean

Environmental

Healthy life

Personal

Imp for Life Good

Atmosphere

No Dirt

Hygiene is associated with personal as well as environmental need to have healthier life

Fresh

essential

Hygiene – Spontaneous reaction…

September 2011


Hygiene – The most integral part of life

Page 32

Integral part of life

• Hygiene was perceived to be essential and integral part of a healthier lifestyle.

• They mentioned without hygiene life could be in chaos.

Environmental Hygiene

• Participants understand that clean atmosphere (in or out) is key to health.

Personal Hygiene

• For personal hygiene they mentioned that they take shower thrice in a day during summer and once during winter.

• They use soap for hand washing and for shower provided they have one soap at home.

• They wash hands while applying mud/clay to prevent from germs.

Hence all participants value hygiene and considered it

as necessity.

September 2011


Hygiene – The most integral part of life

Page 33

Food Hygiene

• Female prefer to wash their hand before preparing meal

• They take care of their meal and keep their left over meal covered

Home Hygiene

• This is one of the household task done by females

• As they tend to clean their home clean themselves

• Everyday dusting and moping is done to assure cleanliness for home

Hygiene is also associated with sense of

responsibility which in return provide them social

conformity as well

September 2011


Consumer speaks..

• Hygienic area lead us to a healthy life

• Hygienic water is good for health as it will safe us from harmful diseases

• I wash my hands 4 to 5 times a day

• I also wash my hands and face twice a day

• I use soaps because of good fragrance and it keeps me refreshed

Page 34

Waste Disposal Section

September 2011


Waste disposal

Page 36

• House is being cleaned twice in a day 1st in morning with dawn and 2nd before evening.

Waste disposal is mandatory

• At most of their home there aren’t proper baskets installed for waste management.

• Participants collect it after cleaning home and dispose it off outside home at some empty plot which isn’t far away from home.

• Sometimes waste is being burnt but not on regular basis.

Waste disposal - method

September 2011


Consumer speaks

• Sometime we use trash bins in our homes

• Trash bins are used to avoid pollution

• We through trash outside in the morning and as well in evening

• Sometime we burnt wastage but not on regular basis

• I also send my children to through wastage far away from our homes

• We really want government to provide us garbage trucks at least ones in a week

• Seldom sweeper come to clean

Page 37

Work done by government & Social support

September 2011


Work done for betterment…

• According to participants there wasn’t any community council working in their areas for carrying out waste management and sanitization.

• They also mentioned Union Council is not playing their role to clean the area.

• According to them government is nowhere to help them in waste management and sanitization.

Page 39

Qualitative Findings

September 2011


Executive Summary

• Water Section

– Highest source of water for majority (93%) is tube well with hand pumps followed by Surface water except for UC 3 where the 2nd highest source of water is piped water from municipality.

– 21% use of respondents using Tube well/bore hole electric pump use it for drinking

– Highest source of water for majority (more than (86% to 98%) is tube well with hand pumps followed by Surface water except for UC 3 where the 2nd highest source of water is piped water from municipality.

– The respondent term “Transparent” (83%) to be the top most definition of clean water followed by Free from smell (11%) and Sweet water (10%).

– Majority (more than 56%) of the respondents perceive the quality of water they are receiving to be very healthy across the board

– 94% of the respondents do nothing the for the purification of water used at their homes.

– A few 3% filter it using sieve or cloth

– Water is mostly preserved in tanks over ground (22%) followed by Clay pots (21%) and Use directly (16%)

– More than 22% of the respondents keep their water in over ground tanks and clay pots and 16% use it directly

– Keeps away from illness (91%) is the highest advantage of water mentioned by respondents by far Page 41

September 2011


Executive Summary

• Water (Cont’d…)

– Again the highest disadvantage of un-clean water is termed as causes illness (70%)

– Followed by Upsets stomach (36%) and not good for health (22%)

– Diarrhea (80%), worms (76%) and skin infection (66%) are the top three diseases mentioned

– In the past one month the respondents mention the occurrence of Worms (26%), Skin infection (24%) and Diarrhea (20%) in their household

– 1% of the respondents mention that someone has died in their household due to Typhoid

– Majority (96%) claim that no one has died from drinking unclean water in their village

• Sanitation Section

– Only 45% of the respondents claim to have a toilet at their home

– WC with Flush (76%) being the highest type of toilet at home followed by WC with out flush (22%)

– Almost 8 out of 10 respondent claim to have drainage system at home.

– Majority have open line type of drainage system

– 97% of the respondents prefer to use the toilets at their home

Page 42

September 2011


Executive Summary

• Sanitation Section (Cont’d…)

– At least 7 out of 10 respondents use the toilet inside their homes

– 29% claim that this toilet is also being used by the outsiders

– Majority (74%) of the responses show that the respondents do not have wash basin in their household

– 70% claim to have wash basin located inside their toilets

– 56% of the respondent feel that drainage system is important

– 63% are not satisfied with their drainage system

– Drainage water stand (55%), creates un cleanliness (33%) and mud stand in the ally are the major problems faced (24%)

• Hygiene

– The habit of washing is higher across the board except for males on attributes like before cooking and after cleaning the house.

– Higher percentage of responses are seen to wash the hands with soap across the board.

– Majority (40%) seems to wash their hands with water and soap

Page 43

September 2011


Executive Summary

• Hygiene (Cont’d…)

– Higher % of females (52%) wash their hands with water and soap some times

– Majority 90% of the respondents agree to wash their hands after defecation

– Saves from disease (70%), clean germs (59%) and hand washing necessary (26%) are the top three advantages mentioned by the respondents

– 7 out of 10 respondents claim to take a bath one a day.

– Majority (78%) use soap when bathing

– Relatively higher % of males are seen to take bath with water only as compared to females

• Waste Disposal

– Majority (55%) claim to keep their waste in bags across the board

– More than 6 out of 10 claim to clean their waste bin on a daily basis

– Higher (43%) percentage of respondents are seen to claim throw their waste out of home without bags

Page 44

September 2011


Executive Summary

• Media Section

– Word of mouth (57%) seems to be the major source of information to the respondents followed by TV (25%)

– TV (28%) and outdoor (14%) are the top two mediums mentioned for respondents exposure

– Geo News (64%), PTV home (41%) and ARY News (16%) are the top three channels usually watched.

– Higher (34%) of males usually like to watch TV from 9 – 12 am and more females (33%) watch from 12 – 3 pm.

– Majority (52%) of males usually watch TV from 9 – 12 am and majority of females claim to watch TV from 6 – 9 pm

Page 45

Water Section

September 2011


Source of Water

• Majority 93% of the respondents are seen to source their water from “Tube well/bore hole with hand pump followed by surface water (33%) and piped water from municipal system (22%)

• 21% use of respondents using Tube well/bore hole electric pump use it for drinking

Page 47

2 2

21 10

97

9

79

100

90

100

89

3

89

10 93

33

22

7 7 5

1 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0

20

40

60

80

100

Tube well/bore hole with hand

pump

Surface water (river, creek,

stream)

Piped water from municipal system

Tube well/bore hole with

electrical pump

Protected dug well

Unprotected dug well

Rainwater

Drinking Washing/ Cleaning Both Source

Base : 200

September 2011


Source of Water

• Highest source of water for majority (93%) is tube well with hand pumps followed by Surface water except for UC 3 where the 2nd highest source of water is piped water from municipality.

Page 48

Base : 200

Total UC 1 US 2 UC 3 UC 4 UC 5

Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Tube well/bore hole with hand pump

93 98 97 96 86 87

Surface water (river, creek, stream)

33 13 83 2 38 50


22 10 3 54 16 13

Tube well/bore hole with electrical pump

7 0 13 12 8 0

Protected dug well 7 0 37 0 6 0

Unprotected dug well 5 0 23 0 4 3

93

33

22

7 7 5

Tube well/bore hole with hand pump

Surface water (river, creek, stream)


Tube well/bore hole with electrical pump

Protected dug well Unprotected dug well

September 2011


Definition of Clean Water

• The respondent term “Transparent” (83%) to be the top most definition of clean water followed by Free from smell (11%) and Sweet water (10%).

Page 49

83

11 10

97

3 3

68

19 17

Transparent Free from smell Sweet water

Total Male Female


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Transparent 83 70 87 96 86 67

Free from smell 11 20 7 2 8 23

Sweet water 10 10 7 6 14 13

September 2011


Perception of Water Healthiness

• Majority (more than 56%) of the respondents perceive the quality of water they are receiving to be very healthy across the board

Page 50

56 32

8 3 3

63

23

10 5 0

57

40

3 0 0

60

36

4 0 0

44

42

4 0

10

57

13

20

10 0

Total UC 1 UC 2

UC 3 UC 4 UC 5 Very Healthy

Healthy

Neither healthy nor un-healthy

Un-healthy

Very Un-healthy

Base : 200 Base : 40 Base : 30


September 2011


Water Purification Methods

• 94% of the respondents do nothing the for the purification of water used at their homes.

• A few 3% filter it using sieve or cloth

Page 51

94

3 2 1 1

Do nothing Filter water through sieve or cloth

Keep in clay pot Boil it Add chlorine


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Do nothing 94 98 100 98 88 87

Filter water through sieve or cloth

2 0 0 0 10 0

Keep in clay pot 2 2 0 0 2 7

Boil it 1 0 0 2 0 3

Add chlorine 0.5 0 0 0 0 3

September 2011


Water Preservation Methods

• Water is mostly preserved in tanks over ground (22%) followed by Clay pots (21%) and Use directly (16%)

Page 52

22 25

4

21 26

17

16 1

1

16

9

22

15 32

9

Total Male Female

Keep in water tank (Over ground)

Clay pots Use it directly Keep it in plastic cans Keep in drum


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Keep in water tank (Over ground) 21 20 73 0 8 30

Clay pots 20 7 7 44 6 37

Use it directly 16 7 0 48 10 0

Keep it in plastic cans 15 40 10 0 14 17

Keep in drum 14 10 3 14 28 10

September 2011


Water Storage

• More than 22% of the respondents keep their water in over ground tanks and clay pots and 16% use it directly

Page 53

22

21

16

16

15

7

7

1

1

1

Keep in water tank (Over ground)

Clay pots

Use it directly

Keep it in plastic cans

Keep in drum

Utensils

Nothing

Keep it in water Tank (Underground)

Coolers

Bottles


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Keep in water tank (Over ground) 22 20 73 0 8 30

Clay pots 20 8 7 44 6 37

Use it directly 16 8 0 48 10 0

Keep it in plastic cans 15 40 10 0 14 17

Keep in drum 14 10 3 14 28 10

Utensils 7 0 10 0 22 0

Nothing 7 13 0 0 16 3

Keep it in water Tank (Underground) 1 3 0 0 0 3

Coolers 1 0 3 0 2 0

Bottles 0.5 0 0 0 2 0

September 2011


Advantages of Using Clean Water

• Keeps away from illness (91%) is the highest advantage of water mentioned by respondents by far

• Followed by Saves from stomach disease (23%) and keeps away from germs (20%)

Page 54

91

23

20

12

5

5

4

3

2

2

Keeps you away from illness

Saves from stomach disease

Keeps away from germs

Keeps safe from skin disease

Clean water does not have bad smell

Saves from jaundice

Water is neat and clean

Helps enjoy life

Protects your color

Saves from conjunctivitis

UC 1 UC 2 UC 3 UC 4 UC 5

40 30 50 50 30

85 100 90 90 93

48 0 20 32 0

17 0 22 42 3

20 0 10 18 7

5 3 0 14 0

12 3 0 6 0

3 3 2 8 0

5 0 4 0 7

5 0 2 2 0

0 0 0 8 0

Base : 200

September 2011


Disadvantages of Using Un-Clean Water

• Again the highest disadvantage of un-clean water is termed as causes illness (70%)

• Followed by Upsets stomach (36%) and not good for health (22%)

Page 55

70

36

22

17

14

11

8

7

6

5

Causes illness

Upsets stomach

Not good for health

Causes skin infection

Causes germs

Creates hepatitis

Kids get ill

Causes muck

Causes loose motions

Causes worms in the stomach


40 30 50 50 30

50 97 64 66 87

50 13 40 36 30

15 23 16 30 23

28 3 16 24 3

5 0 22 26 3

33 7 2 10 0

5 23 2 6 10

3 0 4 16 7

3 3 20 0 0

13 0 4 4 3

Base : 200

September 2011


Diseases caused by using un-clean water

• Diarrhea (80%), worms (76%) and skin infection (66%) are the top three diseases mentioned

Page 56

80

76

66

44

34

17

9

1

1

1

Diarrhea

Worms

Skin infection

Typhoid

Jaundice

Conjunctivitis

Stomach ache

Fever

Measles

Malaria


40 30 50 50 30

83 87 60 90 87

65 60 94 96 43

48 70 70 90 40

18 60 44 68 23

38 47 20 40 30

8 0 10 50 0

0 33 2 14 0

0 0 2 0 0

0 0 2 0 0

0 0 2 0 0

Base : 200

September 2011


Disease occurrence in the Past 1 Month

• In the past one month the respondents mention the occurrence of Worms (26%), Skin infection (24%) and Diarrhea (20%) in their household

Page 57

20

26

24

12

3

1

9

0

0

1

Diarrhea

Worms

Skin infection

Typhoid

Jaundice

Conjunctivitis

Stomach ache

Fever

Measles

Malaria


40 30 50 50 30

10 37 12 36 0

5 47 20 50 0

8 33 10 58 0

0 13 18 22 0

3 7 2 2 0

0 0 0 4 0

0 33 0 14 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 2 0 0

Base : 200

September 2011


Died Due to Drinking Un-clean Water

• 1% of the respondents mention that someone has died in their household due to Typhoid

Page 58

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Diarrhea

Worms

Skin infection

Typhoid

Jaundice

Conjunctivitis

Stomach ache

Fever

Measles

Malaria


40 30 50 50 30

0 0 2 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 2 0

0 0 4 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Base : 200

September 2011


Victims of Un-clean Water in Village

• Majority (96%)claim that no one has died from drinking unclean water in their village

Page 59

5

96 100 100

8

92

6

94

7

93

Total UC 1 UC 2

UC 3 UC 4 UC 5 Yes No



Sanitation Section

September 2011


Incidence of Having Toilet at Home

• 45% of the respondents claim to have a toilet at their home

Page 61

45 53

40

58 46

17

55 48

60

42 54

83

Total UC 1 UC 2 UC 3 UC 4 UC 5


Base 90 21* 12* 29* 23* 5*

1 99 100 100 97 100 100

2 1 0 0 3 0 0

# of Toilets at home

* L

ow

bas

e

September 2011


Type of Toilet in Household

• WC with Flush (76%) being the highest type of toilet at home followed by WC with out flush (22%)

Page 62

76

22

1 1

86

14 0 0

67

33

0 0

93

4 0 4

44

52

4 0

100

0 0 0

Total UC 1 UC 2

UC 3 UC 4 UC 5

WC with flush

WC without flush

Steel tub

Drum

Base : 90 Base : 21* Base : 12*

Base : 29* Base : 23* Base : 5*

September 2011


Incidence of Drainage System at Home, Type and Preference

• Almost 8 out of 10 respondent claim to have drainage system at home.

• Majority have open line type of drainage system

• 97% of the respondents prefer to use the toilets at their home

Page 63

78 86

50

93

65 80

22 14

50

7

35 20


Yes No

80 89 100 70 73

100

20 11 0 30 27

0


Open lines Gutter lines

97 95 100 100

91

100

3 5 0 0

9

0


Prefer to use this toilet Prefer to go out in woods/ field

Dra

ina

ge

Sys

tem

Typ

e o

f S

ys

tem

P

refe

ren

ce

September 2011


Who Uses This Toilet

Page 64

• At least 7 out of 10 respondents use the toilet inside their homes

72

56

86 76

59

90

73

59

86 90 83

96 93 90 96

Total Male Female

Myself Male kids Female kids Males Females


Base 90 21* 12* 29* 23* 5*

Myself 72 33 100 93 65 80

Male kids 76 48 100 86 74 80

Female kids 73 38 100 86 74 80

Males 90 90 100 83 91 100

Females 93 95 100 86 96 100

* L

ow

bas

e

September 2011


Toilet Used By Any Outsider

Page 65

• 29% claim that this toilet is also being used by the outsiders

29

0

53

71

100

47

Total Male Female

Yes No


Base 90 21* 12* 29* 23* 5*

Yes 29 29 75 3 39 20

No 71 71 25 97 61 80

* L

ow

bas

e

September 2011


Wash Basin Location

Page 66

• Majority (74%) of the responses show that the respondents do not have wash basin in their household

• 70% claim to have wash basin located inside their toilets

26 37

16

43

0

41

9 0

74 63

84

57

100

59

91 100

Total Male Female UC 1 US 2 UC 3 UC 4 UC 5

Yes No

70 87

38 33

0

92 100

0

30 13

63 67

0

8 0

0


Inside Outside

Wa

sh

ba

sin

Lo

ca

tio

n

Wa

sh

ba

sin

In

cid

en

ce

September 2011


Importance and Satisfaction of Drainage System

Page 67

• 55% of the respondent feel that drainage system is important

• 63% are not satisfied with their drainage system

24

37

14

31 32 31

19 22

16 16

5

24

10

5

14

Total Male Female

Very Important Important Neither important nor un-important un-important Very un-important

Sa

tis

fac

tio

n

Imp

ort

an

ce

3 7

0

17

7

24

17 22

12

21

29

14

42

34

49

Total Male Female

Very satisfied Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied

September 2011


Drainage System Problem Faced

Page 68

• Drainage water stand (56%), creates un cleanliness (33%) and mud stand in the ally are the major problems faced (24%)

56

33

24

16

10

4

Drainage water stuck/ stands

Creates un cleanliness

Mud stand in ally

Leaves no room for walking

Causes diseases

Sewerage system is not good

32

26

23

21

19

14

12

4

Water stands at different places

Causes diseases

Sewerage system is very bad

Improperly constructed streets

Blocks walkways

Creates germs

Creates mosquitoes

Creates muck and pollution

54

52

38

29

7

7

4

2

Creates un cleanliness

No proper system at home

Latrine water drains in canals

Creates mosquitoes

Water stands at different places

Causes diseases

Some what ok

Creates germs

Home Ally Village

Hygiene Section

September 2011


Hand Washing Habits Total Level

Page 70

• The habit of washing is higher across the board except for males on attributes like before cooking and after cleaning the house.

8

65 47

71

26 45

28 30 7

22 40

16

21

25 34 27

7

8 7 8

2

13 8 10

2

3 4 6

5

9 10 9

76

4 3 1

48

9 21 25

Usually Every time Some times Very seldom Never

72 63 64 60 63 58 69 66

16 27 23 28 26 28 20 24

10 6 7 11 8 9 8 6 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 2

32 57 54 61

42 39

69

37

9

30 32 22

26 33

20

34 8

7 9 10

9 10

8

11

3

2 3 3

4 7

3 8

48

5 3 5 20 13

1 11

Before cooking Before eating After eating After using toilet After house cleaning

After cleaning animals/ pets

After bathing kids

After feeding kids

Fe

ma

les

M

ale

s

Kid

s

September 2011


Item Used for Washing Hands

Page 71

• Higher percentage of responses are seen to wash the hands with soap across the board.

77 75 54

72 54 53 47 48

23 24 44

25 34 39 44 40

0 1 2 3 8 3 2 3

With Soap Without soap With Sand/rakh

71 61 65 69 62 53 62 62

24 39 31 28 32 40 31 32

5 1 4 4 6 6 7 5

68 64 56 66 49 50 49 43

30 33 40 28 44 39 40 43

2 2 2 5 5 7 6 8

Before cooking Before eating After eating After using toilet After house cleaning

After cleaning animals/ pets

After bathing kids

After feeding kids

Fe

ma

les

M

ale

s

Kid

s

September 2011


Hand washing after Defecation

Page 72

• Majority (40%) seems to wash their hands with water and soap

• Higher % of females (52%) wash their hands with water and soap some times

40 45

34 35

18

52

27

36

17

2 2 2

Total Male Female

Always with water and soap With water and soap sometimes With water only With sand/ rakh


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Always with water and soap

40 58 7 44 38 43

With water and soap sometimes

35 30 33 34 38 40

With water only 27 13 60 22 26 20

With sand/ rakh 2 3 - 4 2 -

September 2011


Must to Wash Hands after Defecation

Page 73

• Majority 90% of the respondents agree to wash their hands after defecation

90 88 91

98 100

82

96

70

11 12 9

3 0

18

4

30


Yes No

September 2011


Advantages Of Washing Hands After Defecation

Page 74

• Saves from disease (70%), clean germs (59%) and hand washing necessary (26%) are the top three advantages mentioned by the respondents

70

59

26

17

13

13

7

2

2

2

Saves from disease

Cleans germs

Hand washing is necessary

Keeps hand clean

Do not cause muck

Removes smell from hands

Keeps you healthy

Kids do not get ill

Saves from skin disease

Take care of cleanliness


39 30 41 48 21*

74 87 56 75 52

49 43 56 75 67

21 47 24 27 5

10 - 41 17 5

23 13 7 10 14

38 - - 17 -

- 10 7 13 -

3 10 - - -

- - - 8 -

- - - 4 5

* L

ow

bas

e

September 2011


Frequency of Bathing

Page 75

• 7 out of 10 respondents claim to take a bath one a day. 18

70

9 2 2

25

48

23

3 13

87

0.0 0.0

14

84

0 2

24

74

2 0.0 7

53

27

7

Total UC 1 UC 2

UC 3 UC 4 UC 5 Twice a day

Once a day

Once in 2-4 days

Once in 5-6 days

Once a week or less



September 2011


Item Used For Bathing

Page 76

42

53

30

78

60

96

10 4

15

1 1 0

Total Male Female

Just water Soap Shampoo Noting


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Just water 42 15 23 86 28 43

Soap 78 93 73 58 80 93

Shampoo 10 13 17 8 8 3

Noting 1 - - 2 - -

• Majority (78%) use soap when bathing

• Relatively higher % of males are seen to take bath with water only as compared to females

Waste Disposal Section

September 2011


Waste Keeping Method

Page 78

23

6

40

55 52

57

23

42

3

Total Male Female

In trash bins In bags Openly


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

In trash bins 23 38 - 44 8 17

In bags 55 45 60 56 70 33

Openly 23 18 40 - 22 50

• Majority (55%) claim to keep their waste in bags across the board

September 2011


Frequency Of Cleaning Waste Bin

Page 79

• More than 6 out of 10 claim to clean their waste bin on a daily basis

63

28

7 2

40

40

13

7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

82

18 0.0 0.0

100

0.0 0.0 0.0 20

60

20 0

Total UC 1 UC 2

UC 3 UC 4 UC 5 Daily

Every other day

Twice a week

Weekly or less

Base : 46 Base : 15* Base : 0

Base : 22* Base : 4* Base : 5*

September 2011


Way of Disposing Waste

Page 80

3 1 4

40

24

56

43

51

34

14

24

4 1 0 2

Total Male Female

Burn it Through it out of home in bags Through it out of home without bags Put it in garbage containers Through openly


Base 200 40 30 50 50 30

Burn it 3 8 - 2 - 3

Throw it out of home in bags

40 28 57 44 50 17

Throw it out of home without bags

43 28 7 54 48 70

Put it in garbage containers

14 38 37 - 2 3

Throw openly 1 - - - - 7

• Higher (43%) percentage of respondents are seen to claim throw their waste out of home without bags

Media Section

September 2011


Source of information

Page 82

57

1 3

7

26

1

18

43

1

5

12

25

2

24

70

0 0 2

26

0

12

Family/Friends and Colleagues

Internet Newspapers & Magazines

Radio Television SMS No source

Total Male Female

• Word of mouth (57%) seems to be the major source of information to the respondents followed by TV (25%)

Base : 200

September 2011


Media Exposed to…

Page 83

28

6 2 1

14

1

57

29

10

4 1

3 2

64

27

1 0 0

25

0

50

TV Radio Newspapers Internet Outdoor SMS Nothing

Total Male Female

• TV (28%) and outdoor (14%) are the top two mediums mentioned for respondents exposure

Base : 200

September 2011


TV Channels Usually Watch and Most Watched Channel

Page 84

64

41

16 16

9 5 5

4 4 2

45

32

2

7

2 4 4

2 2 2

Usually Most Often

• Geo News (64%), PTV home (41%) and ARY News (16%) are the top three channels usually watched.

Base : 56

September 2011


TV Time Grid - Usually Watched

Page 85

• Higher (34%) of males usually like to watch TV from 9 – 12 am and more females (33%) watch from 12 – 3 pm.

18

7

30

25

21

30

21

10

33

13

0

26

29

31

26

23

34

11

Total Male Female

6 am to 9 am 9 am to 12 pm 12 pm to 3 pm 3 pm - 6 pm 6 pm to 9 pm 9 pm to 12 am

Base : 56

September 2011


TV Time Grid – Most Often Watched

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 6 am to 9 am

9 am to 12 pm

12 pm to 3 pm

3 pm - 6 pm

6 pm to 9 pm

9 pm to 12 am

Total

Male

Female

Page 86

• Majority (52%) of males usually watch TV from 9 – 12 am and majority of females claim to watch TV from 6 – 9 pm

Base : 56

Appendix

September 2011


Education

Page 88

56 50

60 58 50

67

55 57

10

5

7 10 16

10

15 5

22

18

20 22 30

13 18

25

7

8

7 10 0 10

6 7 3

10

3 0

0 0

1 4 3 8

0 0 4 0

3 2 1 3 3 0 0 0 2 0


Illiterate Less than primary School 5-9 years Matric Intermediate Graduate Post Graduate

Base : 200

September 2011


Socio Economic Class

Page 89

4 13

3 0 2 0 4 3

10

13

10 12 12

0

6 14

18

20

10

24 16

17

19

17

43

38

53

50

38

33

47 38

26 18

23 14

32

50

24 28


A B C D E

Base : 200

September 2011


Mother Tongue and Other Languages Spoken

Page 90

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

16 13 30 34

5 26 2

7 2 3

1

2 3 2

84 88

70

98

66

97 93

74


Saraiki Urdu Panjabi Baluchi None

Mo

the

r To

ng

ue

Oth

er

La

ng

ua

ge

s

Base : 200

September 2011


# of Bedrooms

Page 91

15 5

20 24 17 13 16

40 53

30

38 40

33 35

44

26

30

43

18

20

27 31

21

11

10

10 8

10 17 13 8

5 0

7 10

4 0 1 8

4 3

7 2 2

7 6 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 1


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9

Base : 200

September 2011


Wealth

Page 92

86 78 80 90 92 83 99

72

63 78 63 60

68

37

54

71

21 25

23 30 18

17 24

21 15 47

2

40

5 36

16 25

26

16

14

17 7

10 3 10

6

6

7 2

3 3

2

1

2 2

7

2

2

1


Dirt, earth principal floor in dwelling Electricity Cement principal floor

A telephone Modern flush toilet Refrigerator

Microwave oven Internet service at home

Base : 200

September 2011


Items Available at Home

Page 93

90 88 93 90 92 87 94 86

88 90 97 90 92

67

94 82

38 30

43 72

18

17

43

32

30 53

43 18

24

13

28

31

16

35 10 12

16

10

21

7

5 7 4

16

10

4 2

3 2

4

1

3 2

4

2

1

2 2 2

7

3 1

3 2

1 1


Own home Mobile phone Bicycle Color television

Cable TV Radio Personal computer Car

A second or holiday home Bank account

Base : 200

September 2011


Personal Income

Page 94

49 40 43

64

46 47

84

14

7

13 7

6

4 3

13

24 25 27

30

12

30

3

45

21 23 23

38

20

41


Less than 10,000 rupees 10,000 – 25,000 rupees 25,001 – 100,000 rupees Don't Know Did Not Answer

Base : 200

September 2011


Household Income

Page 95

69 68 70

46

80 87

72 65

19 23

30

24

8

13

21

17

2 3

2

2

3 10 3

28

10 3

17

1 5 1 1


Less than 10,000 rupees 10,000 – 25,000 rupees 25,001 – 100,000 rupees Don't Know Did Not Answer

Base : 200

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