The British School of Bahrain281.The quagga is an extinct animal
that lived in Africa. Quaggas belonged to the same group as zebras.
The drawings below show a zebra and a quagga.(a)Zebras and quaggas
used to breed with each other. The offspring contained a
combination of both zebra and quagga genes (genetic information).
How were zebra and quagga genes passed on from the parents to their
offspring?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(b)These days there are some zebras that still show some quagga
features. Scientists are using zebras to try to produce quaggas by
selective breeding. Describe the steps in this selective breeding
process.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
marksMaximum 4 marks2.The diagram shows two families. Some of the
people in the diagram have freckles.family Afamily B(a)(i)Which
children are most likely to have freckles?Tick the correct boxes.1
mark(ii)How did you
decide?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(iii)Suggest why Bill does not have
freckles...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(b)(i)Which two cells pass on information from parents to their
children?Tick the two correct boxes.bone cellcheek cellegg
cellmuscle cellred blood cellsperm cell1 mark(ii)Which organ system
produces these two cells?Tick the correct box.circulatory
systemdigestive systemreproductive systemrespiratory system1
markmaximum 5 marks3.John and Sarah investigated how pupils in
their class were the same and different.First they measured the
length of each pupils little finger.(a)Why should each pupil keep
their little finger straight while it was being
measured?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(b)The bar chart shows their results.(i)On the dotted line
under the bar chart, give the units of measurement they used.1
mark(ii)Give one mistake they made in the way they grouped the
finger lengths in their bar
chart...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(c)John and Sarah then counted the number of pupils who can
andcannot roll their tongues.What method did they use to collect
their data?Tick the correct box.Observe pupils tongues.Look at
books.Identify factors to keep the same.Measure pupils tongues.1
mark(d)They recorded their results in a table.results for
investigation 2can roll tonguecannot roll tongue104Draw a bar on
the chart below to show how many pupils can roll their tongues.1
mark(e)Look at their bar charts for investigations 1 and 2.How can
you tell that they used different numbers of pupils in each
investigation?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
markmaximum 6 marks4.Gareth was writing to a pen-friend. This is
how he described himself:I am a boy.I weigh 600 N.I am 16 years
old.I speak French.I have brown eyes.I have a scar on my chin.I am
1.8 m tall.(a)From the list, choose two features which he must have
inherited and which will not have been affected by his
environment.1.
..................................................................................................................2.
..................................................................................................................2
marks(b)From the list, choose two features which will have been
affected by both inherited and environmental factors.1.
..................................................................................................................2.
..................................................................................................................2
marks(c)Gareth measured the heights of the 16-year-old pupils at
his school. He recorded the distribution in a bar chart.He also
collected data about the features in the list below.Which two
features would show a similarly shaped distribution to Gareths bar
chart?Tick the two correct boxes.Ability to roll the
tongue.Presence of ear lobes.Mass of the pupil.Circumference of the
head.Sex of the pupil.2 marksMaximum 6 marks5.The chemical name for
pure limestone is calcium carbonate. When calcium carbonate is
heated to a temperature above 825C it produces calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide.(a)Complete the symbol equation for this
reaction.CaCO3 .............................. +
..............................2 marks(b)The photograph shows a
limestone statue that has been changed by acid rain.Some gases
which pollute the air dissolve in rainwater to form acids.(i)Give
the name of a gas which dissolves in rainwater, leading to the
formation of sulfuric
acid..............................................................................................................1
mark(ii)Complete the word equation for the reaction between calcium
carbonate and sulfuric acid. calcium + sulfuric
........................... + ...........................+
watercarbonate acid2 marksmaximum 5 marks6.The exhaust gases of a
car with a petrol engine are analysed during its MOT test. The
results are shown below.(a)The air going into the engine contains
about 20% of oxygen.Explain why there is only 0.4% of oxygen in the
exhaust gases coming out of the car
engine.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(b)(i)Petrol is a mixture of compounds which contains only
carbon and hydrogen.Complete combustion of petrol produces carbon
dioxide and one other substance. What is this other
substance?.............................................................................................................1
mark(ii)When petrol is burned in the car engine, carbon monoxide is
produced as well as carbon dioxide.Explain why carbon monoxide is
dangerous and may kill
you...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
markMaximum 3 marks7.(a)The graph below shows how the concentration
of alcohol in a persons blood changed after drinking alcoholic
drinks.It is illegal to drive if the concentration of alcohol in
the blood is higher than80 mg/100 cm3.Use the graph to find out how
long the concentration of alcohol in this persons blood was higher
than 80 mg/100 cm3..................... hours1 mark(b)Why does
alcohol in the blood increase the chance of having an accident?Tick
the correct box.It causes slurred speech.It dulls the senses
oftaste and smell.It increases the sizeof the pupil in the eye.It
increases the timetaken to react.1 mark(c)Alcohol is absorbed into
the bloodstream from the stomach.Digested food is absorbed into the
blood from a different part of the digestive system.Give the name
of this
part............................................................1
mark(d)Give the name of one organ that is damaged by drinking a lot
of alcohol over a long period of
time............................................................1
mark(e)The drawing below shows a foetus in its mothers uterus.If a
pregnant woman drinks large quantities of alcohol, the blood
vessels in the umbilical cord may get very narrow for a while.Give
one way this could affect the
foetus...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
markmaximum 5 marks8.(a)George used the apparatus below to find out
what substances are produced when methanol burns. As the methanol
burned, two different gases were produced.(i)One of these gases
condensed in the U-tube to give a colourless liquid. Give the name
of this
liquid.........................................................1
mark(ii)The other gas turned the lime water cloudy.Give the name of
this gas.........................................................1
mark(b)Methanol is sometimes used in antifreeze. It can be added to
water in car windscreen wash-bottles to prevent the water from
freezing in cold conditions. (i)The label on the bottle of
antifreeze has two hazard warning symbols. What two precautions
would you need to take when using this antifreeze?1.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................2.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(ii)Water freezes at 0C. The label on the bottle shows how the
freezing point changes when different amounts of antifreeze are
added to water.Terry put a mixture containing 10% antifreeze into
the wash-bottle of his car. During the night the temperature
dropped to 14C.The wash-bottle burst.Explain why the wash-bottle
burst.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
marksMaximum 5 marks10.The drawings in parts (a), (b) and (c) show
two teams of pupils in a tug-of-war.There is a ribbon tied to the
middle of the rope.(a)The sizes and directions of the forces of
each team are shown.team A team B The ribbon stays above point X on
the ground.Give the reason for
this...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(b)The teams then pull with the forces shown below.team A team
B Draw an arrow on the rope to show the direction in which the
ribbon will move.1 mark(c)Later, the ribbon was to the left of
point X as shown below.team A team B Why did the ribbon move
towards the
left?..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(d)Team A practises by pulling a rope tied to a tree.The team
pulls with a force of 1200 N but the tree does not move.What is the
force of the tree on the rope?Tick the correct box.zeroless
than1200 N1200 Nmore than1200 N1 mark(e)The pupils do not slip
because there is a force between their shoes and the ground. What
is the name of this
force?.............................................................1
markmaximum 5 marks11.The drawing below shows an astronaut in
space.He has four small jets attached to his space suit.These jets
produce forces on the astronaut in the directions A, B, C and
D.(a)The drawing below shows the size and direction of four forces
actingon the astronaut.In which direction, A, B, C or D, will the
astronaut move?Give the letter...............1 mark(b)The drawing
below shows the size and direction of four differentforces acting
on the astronaut.What will happen to the astronaut when the jets
produce these four
forces?......................................................................................................................1
markExplain your
answer.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(c)The drawing below shows the size and direction of four
differentforces acting on the astronaut.Draw an arrow on the
diagram below to show the direction in which hewill move.1
markmaximum 4 marks12.The drawing shows a snow-buggy being pulled
by a sail.The buggy rests on three skis on the snow.(a)The drawing
shows four forces that act when the snow-buggy is moving.Draw a
line from each force in the list below to the correct letter from
the diagram.Draw only three lines.3 marks(b)A scientist travelled
80 kilometres (km) each day in the buggy.How many kilometres did he
travel in 10 days?............. km1 mark(c)The buggy carried the
scientist, food and equipment for the journey.The table shows how
the total mass changed.total mass at start of journey (kg)total
mass at end of journey (kg)mass of buggy, scientist, food and
equipment295130The buggy sank deeper into the snow at the start of
the journey than at the end.Why did it sink deeper at the start?
Use the table to help
you.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(d)The buggy rests on three skis instead of three wheels.Why
are skis better than wheels for travelling on
snow?............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(e)When a bigger sail is used, the buggy goes faster.How does a
bigger sail help the buggy to go
faster?............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
markmaximum 7 marks13.Lisa drew a picture of herself standing at
four different positions on the Earth, not to scale(a)(i)Draw an
arrow at each of the four positions to show the direction of the
force of gravity on Lisa.1 mark(ii)The drawing at position A shows
Lisa holding a ball on a string. Draw the ball and string in
positions B, C and D.1 mark(b)The drawing below shows:that the
Earth goes round the Sun;that the Earth rotates on its axis.Choose
from the list below to answer parts (i) and (ii).60 seconds 60
minutes 24 hours 7 days 28 days 365 days(i)How long does it take
for the Earth to go round the Sun
once?...................................................................1
mark(ii)How long does it take for the Earth to rotate on its axis
once?...................................................................1
markMaximum 4 marks14.The diagram below shows the orbits of
Neptune, Pluto and the Earth. At two points, A and B, the orbits of
Neptune and Pluto cross over each other.not to scale(a)What force
keeps planets in orbit around the
Sun?...................................................................1
mark(b)Give two reasons why it takes Pluto more time than Neptune
to orbit the Sun.1.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
marks(c)(i)Tom can see the Sun because it is a light source. It
gives out its own light. Neptune and Pluto are not light sources
but Tom can see them when he looks through his telescope.Explain
why Tom can see Neptune and Pluto even though they are not light
sources.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
marks(ii)Between points A and B, Pluto is nearer than Neptune to
the Earth.Tom noticed that Pluto is not as bright as Neptune, even
when Pluto is closer than Neptune to the Earth.Give one reason why
Pluto is not as bright as
Neptune...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
markMaximum 6 marks15.In 1610, the Italian scientist, Galileo,
observed four bright moons near Jupiter. Each night the moons
moved.(a)(i)The Sun and stars are light sources, and the planets
are seen by reflected light. Explain how we can see the moons of
Jupiter.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
marks(ii)The four moons are approximately the same distance from
the Earth.However, they do not have the same brightness.Suggest one
reason for
this...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(b)The table shows the distances of the four moons from the
centre of Jupiter, and the times of their orbits. Europas distance
has been left out.name ofmoondistance fromJupiter, inmillions of
kmtime for oneorbit, inEarth
daysIo0.421.8Europa3.6Ganymede1.077.2Callisto1.8816.7The graph was
plotted using the information in the table.Use the graph to
estimate Europas distance from
Jupiter.............................................................................................
millions of km1 mark(c)Galileo realised that Jupiter and its moons
formed a model of our Solar System. In this model:what did Jupiter
represent?
.........................................................................what
did the moons represent?
...................................................................1
markMaximum 5 marks16.The diagram below shows bones and muscles of
the human arm.The biceps and triceps are muscles that contract to
move the bones of the lower arm.(a)What do the biceps and triceps
do to move the arm in the direction shown by the arrow?Tick the
correct box.The biceps and the triceps contract at the same
time.The biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes.The biceps
relaxes and the triceps contracts.The biceps and the triceps relax
at the same time.1 mark(b)Ligaments hold bones together at a joint.
Ligaments can stretch.Why must ligaments be able to
stretch?..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(c)The diagram below shows an elbow joint.(i)The ends of the
bones at a joint are covered by a layer of smooth material called
cartilage.There is also a fluid in the joint.Why are cartilage and
fluid needed in a
joint?..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(ii)In the joint shown below, some of the cartilage has broken
off.Suggest one way this damage will affect the
joint...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
markmaximum 4 marks17.(a)Diagram 1 is a simplified drawing of bones
and muscles in a left leg viewed from the outer side.(i)Muscle A
contracts. What effect does this have on the
leg?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(ii)Muscles are found in antagonistic pairs. Write the letters
of the pair of muscles which control the bending and straightening
of the leg at the
knee..............................................................................................................1
mark(iii)When one muscle of an antagonistic pair contracts the
other muscle does not relax completely, but maintains some
tension.What is the advantage of maintaining tension in both
muscles...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(b)Diagram 2 shows the elbow joint. Tissue X covers the ends of
the bones at thejoint.(i)Give the name of tissue X. .1
mark(ii)Osteoarthritis is a very painful condition. In the joints
of people with osteoarthritis small pieces of tissue X break
off.Suggest two effects this could have on the
joint........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
marks(c)Tendons are shown in diagram 1 and ligaments are shown in
diagram 2. Ligaments can stretch much more than tendons.(i)Explain
why ligaments at the elbow need to
stretch...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
mark(ii)Explain why it is necessary that tendons hardly stretch at
all when a muscle
contracts...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
markMaximum 8 marks
