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Practical Information for Operating
on the Northern Sea Route
Dr. Bjørn Gunnarsson
Managing Director
Centre for High North Logistics
Kirkenes, Norway
The Northern Sea Route (NSR)
Deepwater Track
Traditional Track
Alternative DW Track
Hydrographic Station
NSR transit regulations
UNCLOS III Article 234 (“the Arctic Clause”) and Russian domestic
legistlation; “ Regulation for Navigating on the Seaways of the NSR,
1990”
Navigation on NSR is allowed based on the “Guide for Navigation
through the NSR, 1996” (NSR Guidelines)
The Guidelines include technical requirements for the vessel; ships
must satisfy the applicable “Rules of the Russian Register of
Shipping” but equivalent Baltic and Polar Ice Classes are accepted
Additional requirements are focused on operational and practical
aspects supporting a safe and uninterrupted voyage; including the
competence of navigators and crew
A transit fee (tariff) to cover the expenses for icebreaker assistance,
navigational support, and administration will be charged
Atomic icebreaking fleet of Russia
Atomic Icebreakers of “Taimyr” type:
Propulsion Capacity – 35 MW;
Water displacement 21,000 t;
i/b “Taimyr” – 30.06.1989
i/b “Yaygach” – 25.07.1990
Atomic container carrier “Sevmorput”
– 30.12.1988
Propulsion Capacity – 32,5 MW;
Water displacement – 61,000 t;
Deadweight – 33,900 t
Atomic icebreakers of “Arktika” type:
Propulsion Capacity – 54 MW;
Water displacement – 23,000 t;
i/b “Rossia” – 21.12.1985
i/b “Sovetsky Soyuz” – 29.12.1989
i/b “Yamal” – 28.10.1992
i/b “50 Let Pobedy” – 23.03.2007
Operational challenges during the
summer season
Drift ice in some part of the route, heavy at times; often excludes the use of
the shortest route; requires the need for icebreaker assistance
Navigational challenges through long straits – e.g. Kara Gate Strait (21 m),
Vilkitskii Strait, Dimitry Leptev Strait (10 m), Sannikov Strait (13 m), and
Long Strait (20 m)
The east and west approches of some straits can be clogged with ice fields,
depentent on wind direction
Common fog and low visibility
Low elevation of part of the Russian coastline and islands which
makes visual and radar observations difficult
Novosibirsky
Archipelago
Sannikov
Strait
(12.8 m) Dmitry Laptev
Strait
(7.0 m)
Northern
Passage
(15+ m)
Draft bottlenecks on the NSR
Planning a NSR transit voyage
Review following Russian
NSR documents:
a. “Instructions for ship
owner and master of the
vessel”
b. “Rules of navigation on
the seaways of the NSR”
c. “Requirements for
vessel’s design, equipment
and supplies”
Planning a NSR transit voyage
Submit to the NSR
Administration an
application for a vessel to
navigate through the NSR
Contact FUSE
Rosatomflot for icebraker
guidance
Planning a NSR transit voyage
The NSR Administration
(Marine Operation
Headquarters)
will appoint an Inspector
to see if the vessel is in
compliance with Russian
regulations
The results of the
inspection is submitted to
the NSR Administration
that decides if a Permit
should be granted
4. What is the current use of the NSR?
NSR transit voyages in 2011 (as of September 22, 2011)
Total Volume, t Vessels Flags
Liquid Cargo 485 678
Singapore, Marshall
Islands, Norway, Liberia,
Finland
Bulk Cargo 110 000 Russia, Liberia
Frozen Fish 27 535 Russia, Panama
In Ballast 3 Vessels Russia, Liberia, Panama
By 22nd of September a total of 17 transit voyages had taken place with total
volume of transit cargo 623 213 tons (plus internal cargo flow of 2,2 million tons)
(from Rosatomflot)
Total transit voyages in 2010 and 2011
(as of September 22, 2011)
2010 2011
Total Volume of
Transit Cargo, t
111 000 623 213
Total Number of
Transit Voyages
4 (2 of them in ballast)
17 (3 of them in ballast)
The forecast for 2012 places the volume of bulk cargoes up to 1,8 million tons, oil and
LNG shipping is planned to reach 2,5 million tons – and total cargo shipped along the
NSR is expected to reach 5 million tons
(from Rosatomflot)
Tanker SCF Vladimir Tikhonov
A Suezmax tanker “Vladimir Tikhonov” of 160,000 dwt carrying 120,000 tons of
gas condensate sails through the NSR at the end of August 2011 with record
average speed of 14,0 knots
The Passenger Ferry Georg Ots
Passenger ferry “Georg Ots” sails through the NSR in 2010 – The ferry has
class Ice B and sailed under Russian flag from Murmansk eastbound with the
port of destination Vladivostok. The overall sailing lasted for 7 days from 16 to
23 September
Seismic Vessel Polarcus Alima
Seismic Vessel “ Polarcus Alima” sails from Hammerfest (Norway) to
the Bering Straits, 15th to 25th September 2011
Bulk Carrier Nordic Barents
For the first time in 2010 a non-Russian bulk carrier used the NSR as a transit route
departing from a non-Russian port and arriving at a non-Russian port – “Nordic
Barents” of Arc 4 with 41,000 tons of iron ore from Kirkenes (Norway) to
Lianyungang (China). Only 8 days spent on NSR with an average speed 12 knots
The transit of Nordic Barents
Distance Kirkenes (Norway) - Lianyungan (China) via Suez: 12,180 nm
Expected average speed on Suez Route: 13 knots
Expected voyage time for Suez Route: 40 days (plus 1)
Suez Canal Fees 5 USD/ton
Insurance costs; extra piracy insurance
Same voyage via NSR Route: 6,500 nm
Average transit speed on the NSR Route: 12.03 knots
Total time spend on Route: 22.5 days
Tariffs (cost of icebreaker assistance): 5 USD/ton
Insurance costs: 40,000 USD
Estimated time saved via NSR: 17.5 days
Total fuel saved at 28,2 MT per day: 493 MT
Fuel cost saved in USD; at USD 610/ton: 300,000 USD
Environmental savings on NSR (all figures approx.) CO2: 1560 tons
NOx: 50 tons
SOx: 35 tons
NSR Tariffs
№ Nomenclature of cargo Unity Rate
1 General cargo
1.1 Cargo, transported in standard containers
Roubles per ton of
nominal gross mass
of container
1048,0
1.2 Non-ferrous metal Roubles per ton 2050,0
1.3 Converter matte Roubles per ton 1905,0
1.4
Products of mechanical engineering and
instrument-making including equipment and parts
thereof
Roubles per ton 2464,0
1.5 Vehicles, cars and their parts Roubles per ton 2576,0
1.6 Articles out of metals of industrial purpose Roubles per ton 1747,0
1.7 Others Roubles per ton 1048,0
2 Bulk cargo Roubles per ton 707,0
3 Bulk liquid cargo Roubles per ton 530,0
4 Timber cargo:
4.1 Round lumber Roubles per ton 118,0
4.2 Saw-timber and other products of timber,
woodworking, pulp and paper inductry Roubles per ton 148,0
ANNEX to Federal Rates Service
ORDER
Dated June 07th 2011 №122-T/1
Maximum rates for services of the icebreaker fleet on the Northern Sea Route to
ensure the transportation of cargo.
The transit of Nordic Barents
Bring all relevant participants in the value chain around one table: Cargo Owner - Ship Owner - Traders Icebreakers – Brokers – Insurance CP & Law - Classification – Public Authorities Research Institutions
Insurance costs on the NSR
Research during the INSROP (1993-1999) and ARCOP (2003-2006)
Programs
Estimates showed that the total insurance rate for NSR would be almost
twice the rate for the Suez Route
Overall lack of empirical data and significant statistics on the types and
frequency of accidents
Current NSR transit experiences
Insurance premiums tends to be currently on a case-by-case basis
“We need information and infrastructure..”
Access to reliable information about navigating on NSR, including
information on Russian voyage approval process, administrative
procedures and fees; tariffs need to be commercially resonable
Operational knowledge on the NSR; ice navigators and experienced
crew
Interest from the international insurance companies
Risk evaluation systems and infrastructure to provide safety, route
reliability, and environmental protection
Access to a fleet of ice-class cargo vessels and icebreakers - and
improved facilities and services of Arctic ports and terminals
The international shipping society still needs:
Practical Information
Part 1
Arctic Ports Part 2
NSR/NEP
Part 3
Coastal
Navigation
•Navigational information
•Port cargo profile
•Port infrastructure
•Local rules and regulations
•Rates of port dues
•Tariffs for services
•Immigration control
•Customs control
•General area description
•Current NSR legislation
•Permission for NSR transit
•Sailing routes
•Ice conditions
•Icebreakers assistance
•Tariff system
•Search and rescue
•Environmental issues
•International fleet and
cabotage within the inland
Russian waters and EEZ
•Immigration and customs
boundary regime
•Necessity and conditions
for obtainment of a
cabotage permit
CHNL’s Logistics Information Office
Arctic Ice Pilots Association Ice pilotage services
Immigrations & Customs Clearance procedures
Central Marine Research &
Design Institute (CNIIMF)
PSC & Port Administrations Pre-voyage inspections
OOO Chart Pilot Navigational charts & pilot books
FSUE Rosatomflot Icebreaker assistance
Hydrographical Enterprise River pilotage on Yenisei
NSR Administration Official permission
Important Russian organizations and partners:
CHNL’s Logistics Information Office
The short-term scenario
Regional destination transport will be the most relevant activity
(instead of transits)
Transport of oil, gas, minerals, and equipment by specialized
multipurpose vessels -- shuttle tankers, shuttle LNG carries, shuttle
bulkers, and purpose-built offshore vessels
The main factor will be the freight market level for different shipping
segments
Type of cargo; price differences in Asian and Western markets; time
sensitivity of markets and cargo
The short-term scenario – cont.
Time required for passage; ice conditions and waiting time; ice-free
season now 3-5 months
Availability of ice-class tonnage in different segments and sizes; ice
class 1A is required at the time being; repositioning cost of vessels
Cost elements such as insurance; NSR transit tariffs (laden and in
ballast) vs. Suez Canal tariffs; bunker prices
Piracy threat along the Suez Route and the cost of insurance and
protection; risk of non-delivery of cargo