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Matthew Arnold
Matthew Arnold FactsPoem: Dover BeachAchieved fame as both a poet
and criticQuiet tones and carefully shaped
figures reflected his vision of Victorian Society
Oxford Professor of PoetryGovernment inspector for poor
schools for 35 yearsFeared intellectual anarchy
Dover Beach AnalysisDover beach was written the
year that Arnold was married.The poem is written as an
observation to his wife (some argue it is written to women as an observation from men)
The poem challenges moral and religious precepts that have shaken faith (a common theme in the Victorian Period).
MetaphorArnold gives the sea the power to
change the world:
The sea can “draw back and fling” the pebbles and reach into eternity with “eternal notes of sadness.”
Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy FactsPoem: Ah, Are You Digging On My GraveOne of the principal novelists of the late-
Victorian BritianHis home town (Dorsetshire) was the
setting for many of his worksBecame an apprentice to an architect at
age 16Writing and poetry expresses his belief in
a world governed by chance and natural laws that are not hostile but indifferent to what humans want and deserve
Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave?Theme: “Out of Sight, Out of
Mind”A woman has died and is quickly
forgotten as life goes on for the living.
Forgotten for a wealthier womanLoneliness in death…emptiness
IronyThe irony in the poem is that not
only has the woman been forgotten by her husband, she has also been forgotten by the dog “man’s best friend.”
George Eliot
George EliotWriting: A Mill on the FlossReal Name: Mary Ann EvansKept her name a secret so her
writings could be viewed as serious literature and receive fair criticism
Eliot’s novels show that a clever little girl’s problems only increase when she grows into a clever young woman.
Created talented heroines limited by circumstance and social propriety.
Mill On the FlossA spicy fictional autobiography
(based on the real life of Mary Evans) about a young woman who has an affair with a married man
The Sisters Bronte
Charlotte and EmilyTheme: Love that transcends
even deathMinister’s daughters that
shocked Victorian audiences with gothic evil and violence
Lived in the same home while producing two of the best known literary works
Stories limit women through social station and sex
Jane EyreWuthering Heights
“I would always rather be happy than dignified.”
Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“He's more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same.” Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights
A.E. Housman
A. E. Housman“If a line of poetry strays into my memory, my skin bristles so that the razor ceases to act.” Name: Alfred Edward Housman Mother died on his 12th BirthdayAt 16 he got a scholarship to OxfordSkipped classes and failed final examsPublished papers on Greek and Latin
LiteratureBecame a professor of Latin at London
University
When I Was One-and-TwentyTheme: Love HurtsA young man gets advice from an
older man about love and is told not to bank too much on it.
The young man foolishly learns that he should have listened to the advice!