Felix Andiana Putra/2712100085

Hadi Widjaja/2712100097

14 July 2015

Effect of Cathode and Anode Distance Difference to Production Mass on Tin Electrorefining Process

Result and DiscussionResultDiscussion

Conclusion and suggestion

IntroductionBackgroundPurposes

Methodology

Overview

The potential of tin production in Indonesia The use of electrorefining is still lacking The optimization of electrorefining process

Background

Introduction

Tin production percentage

To determine the relationship between the cathode and anode distance to the mass production of Sn on electrorefining process at specified period

Compare the experiment mass production with theoritical calculation

The purposes of experiment

Cont’d Introduction

Independent VariableCathode and anode distance

Dependent variableThe mass production

Controlled VariablesElectrolysis timeVoltageTemperature Electrolyte concentration

Methodology

MaterialsTin Anodes

Dimension: 14 x 15 cmTin Anodes

Dimension 12.5 x 14 cmElectrolyte

Fluorosilicate acid Sulfuric acid Stannous sulfate

toolsCell boxRectifierConnector Cu RodsCu PlatesMultitesterAnode MoldDigital scaleRuler

Cont’d Methodology

Step:Cathode and anode preparationXRF TestWeighing the initial mass of each cathode and anodeElectrorefining cell installation

Voltage 0.2 volt time 3 hours distance 3 cm

Weighing the final mass of cathode and anodeASS test (Composition)Do the experiment for difference distance (4.5 and 6 cm)Analyze the result

Cont’d Methodology

Time : 3 jam Voltage : 0.2 volt Pb concentration : 300 ppm Anode I : 2587.3 gram Anode II : 2265.7 gram Anode III : 1675.4 gram

Data

  

Experiment 1(3cm) experiment II (4.5cm)

Experiment III (6cm)

Cathode I mass

Cathode II mass

Cathode I mass

Cathode II mass

Cathode I mass

Cathode II mass

Initial 208 gram 199.7 gram

180.3 gram

174.3 gram

197 gram 194 gram

Final 228 gram 220.4 gram

197 gram 194 gram 208 gram 199.7 gram

Final-Initial 20 gram 20.7 gram 16.7 gram 19.7 gram 11 gram 5.7 gram

average  20.35 gram

 18.2 gram

 8.35 gram

Current Efficiency

35% 31% 14%

Results

Result

2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.50

5

10

15

20

25

20.3518.2

8.35

Electrorefining

Distance (Cm)

Slim

e m

ass

(gra

m)

Element composition of cathode (ppm)

Fe Pb Cu Ni As Sb Bi Pb Average

cathode1

3 35 7 2 5 8 1 33.5

cathode 2

3 32 7 2 4 7 1

Analisa Data

Discussion

The cathode and anode distance will affect the productivity of the added cathode mass. Because with the increase of distance then the resistance will increase (R~L)

The closer distance of anode and cathode then the resistance of the electrolyte will decrease and the throwing power will increase so the tin is more compact and the thickness of the tin layer is also thickened

Discussion

The closer the distance between cathode and anode of the electrorefining process then the required ionization energy for the deposition towards the cathode is increasing.

Discussion

The closer the cathode and anode distance then the Tin’s ions that settledon the cathode’s surface will increase. It is caused by the increase of the energy that affected by the resistance. The resistance is increase with the decrease of distance so the energy will increase and the energy will accelerate the releasing of the electrons. The energy will relatively higher than the required ionization energy to move the electron

Discussion

The mass added to the cathode during experiment I(3cm), II(4.5cm), and III(6cm) is 20.35gram, 18,2gram, and 8.35gram with current efficiency 35% 31% and 14%

With the increase of the distance between cathode and anode then the resistance will also increase because R~L, so it will reduce the current efficiency of the electrorefining process because I ~ 1/R

Conclusion

The electrolyte should be changed once per 12 hours The time variabels should be considered Other variables should be considered to optimize the

process efficiency( electricity current, voltage, electrolyte concentration, temperature and the thickness of cathode and anode)

Suggestion

Questions & Discussion