Working with Text and Layouts in ArcMap

•Types of text used in ArcMap

•Labels•Using ESRI’s Default Label Engine•Using ESRI’s Maplex Lable Engine

•Annotation•Graphic Text

•Creating a Layout

Labels and Layouts…Topics

Types of Text in ArcMap

In ArcView 3.X, there were 2 forms of text, Labels and Graphic Text. In ArcMap, there are 3 forms of text that are utilized in ArcMap

Labels• are automatically generated by ArcMap after user sets labeling properties and rules. • are positioned in relation to the map feature (point, line, poly),• their text strings come directly from the data layer’s attribute table,• are the fastest and easiest to use. • However, labels in ArcMap differ from labels in ArcView 3.X in that:

• Labels can’t be selected and• you can’t edit the display properties of individual labels.

In ArcMap, fine-tuning of text statements, appearance, and positioning are achieved using…

Annotation• are text strings you can edit, either as a group or individually.• Annotation layers are typically created by converting labels to an annotation layer.• Display properties and position of the text are stored in terms of geographic space (X,Y).• Annotation can be stored as its own layer for use in subsequent projects.

Graphic Text• Exists in the page space of your document (in term of inches from the lower left corner).• Created by inserting a text box.

Labeling - The Labeling Toolbar

Adding the Labeling Toolbar

1. In the Tools menu, select Customize.

2. In the Customize dialog box, select the Toolbars tab, then check the box next to Labeling to activate the Labeling toolbar.

3. This Labeling Toolbar should materialize in the toolbar area of your project.

The Labeling Toolbar is the interface that contains the tools the user uses to set rules that manage labels’ placement, font, weights vs. other layers’ labels, and many other properties.

Labeling - The Labeling Toolbar Functions

Labeling – Getting Started

Turning on Labeling

1. Add county.shp from the directory S:\IGSB\ArcGIS Training\Labels_n_Layouts\Data.2. Holding your mouse cursor over county.shp in ArcMap’s Table of Contents, single-right-click the dataset and select Label Features

3. ArcMap will automatically label the dataset. In this case, it used the field “FIPS” as the default Labeling field. *The functionality of this command is for turning labels on and off after labels have been created using the Label Manager.4. In the directory S:\IGSB\ArcGIS Training\Labels_n_Layouts save your project using your name in the project title.

Control in how labels are drawn is achieved through the Label Manager

Labeling – The Label Manager

We will now take our first look at the Label Manager.

1. Select the Label Manager icon from the Labeling Toolbar

2. The Label Manager Menu will appear.

3. Change the Label Field to COUNTY. Change the font, size, color, and text effects if you wish. Hit OK.

4. You map should now be much more interpretable to most people.

Labeling – Controlling Labeling with the Labeling Manager

5. Reopen the Label Manager from the Labeling Toolbar

6. Hit the Properties tab under Placement Properties.

7. Two tabs are visible in Placement Properties.

7a. The Placement tab will appeardifferently depending on whetheryou are working with a point, line, or polygon feature class.

The options are fairly straight-forward. For now, select Try Horizontal first, then straight, then switch to the Conflict Detection tab

7b. The Conflict Detection tab is used if:• you will be labeling many feature classes (Label Weight), or • when you do not want labels of a feature class to appear over the features of feature class (Feature Weight). • if you do or do not want labels to overlap (Checkbox at the bottom of the box).•Hit OK.

Labeling – Controlling Labeling with the Labeling Manager...continued

8. Note how changing one Placement Property (Try horizontal first, then straight) alters your map:

9. Reopen the Label Manager,• Under Placement Properties, select Always Horizontal.• Hit OK.

10. Save your project.

Labeling – Controlling Labeling with the Labeling Manager...continued

Suppose we want to create labels for Iowa’s counties in a manner where Polk County’s label is red, and the remaining county labels are black. This can be done by adding another label class and manipulating each label class’ properties separately.

1. Reopen the Label Manager from the Labeling Toolbar

2. Single left click on the Label Class County 3. Under Add label Class, Enter Class Name, type “Polk”,

4. Hit Add.

5. The new Polk Label Class will appear on the left hand side. Highlight it, and change the font color to a red color.

We now need to build expressions that will make Polk County’s label red, and the rest of the counties black. Thisis done with the SQL Query button…hit it!

Labeling – Creating additional Label Classes with the Label Manager

6. Build the expression below.Double-click “COUNTY” fromThe upper portion of the dialog box,hit the = sign,hit the Get Unique Values button,select POLK from the drop-down list.hit OK.

7. In the Label Manager, switch from the Label Class Polk to Default.Hit the SQL Query button,

8. Build the expression “COUNTY” < > ‘Polk’hit OK.hit Apply, then OK in the Label Manager

9. Save your project.

Labeling – Creating additional Label Classes with the Label Manager…continued

With a data frame reference scale, you define the scale at which text and symbols will appear at their true size. • Setting a reference scale is like freezing the symbol and text sizes used in your data frame; If you zoom in or out, the text and symbols will change scale along with the display. • Unless you explicitly set a reference scale, the current scale is your reference scale

1. Setting the reference scale Select Data Frame Properties from the View Menu

The Reference Scale is adjusted through a dropdown list under the General tab

Labeling – Considering Reference Scales

2. The differing effects of varying Reference Scaleskeep in mind that we created the county labelsat the full extent of county.shp:

In the example below, the Reference Scale is set to <none>.The labels font size stay the same size as you zoom in/out.

In the example below, the Reference Scale is set to <Current visible extent> (= full extent of county.shp). The labels font size changes as you zoom in/out.

Zoomed back out to the full extent of the View, experiment with setting the reference scale to 1:100,000, etc and zoom in and out of the Viewer.

Labeling – Considering Reference Scales…continued

•There are 2 different labeling engines available in ArcMap that can be used to manage labels. •Up to this point, we have been utilizing ESRI’s Default Label Engine. This is the basic labeling engine for ArcMap. •Another, more robust label engine is available for those with an ArcINFO license. This is ESRI’s Maplex Label Engine (if you have 3-D/Spatial Analysts, you have the ArcINFO license.)

2. Change the label engine Select Data Frame Properties in the View Menu. In the General Tab, select ESRI Maplex Label Engine

1. Activate the Maplex Extension Select Extensions from the Tools Menu.

Check the box next to Maplex

Labeling – Changing the Labeling Engine

Labeling – Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine

We will now create a map in which the counties’ and county seats’ boundaries are displayed and labeled without overlapping each other’s text or polygon boundaries.

Add to your project incorporated_cities.shp from the directory S:\IGSB\ArcGIS Training\Labels_n_Layouts\Data. Makesure you place it above county.shp in the View’s Table of Contents.

1. Displaying only the county seats in the View. single-right click incorporated_cities.shp in the Table of Contents…select Properties from the drop-down list. Select the tab Definition Query. Hit the Query Builder button.

In the Query Builder dialog box, build the expression “CO_SEAT” = ‘Y’

We now have only those cities displayed which are county seats. However, you will notice that the county name labels overlap many of the municipal boundaries (Black Hawk for instance). We still need to label the county seats as well.

Labeling – Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine…continued

Notice how the Label Manager interface has changed? Highlight the Default label class for incorporated_cities

2. Reopen the Label Manager from the Labeling Toolbar

3. Hit the Properties button to change the labels’ placement properties.

4. The Label Position tab

select the Position Button.

since the boundaries of the cities are so small when zoomed to the View’s full extent, we will want their labels displayed outside their polygon boundaries…select Offset Horizontal

Hit OK and switch to the Fitting Strategy tab.

Labeling – Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine…continued

5. The Fitting Strategy Tab

Stacking Labels can be for labels composed of more than one word (like Orange City). Stacking will cause the labels to draw in two lines. Hit the Stack Labels Options button

The Label Stacking Options dialog box should give you an idea as to how label stacking works.Hit OK in Label Stacking Options.

Turn off the Overrun Feature checkbox. Switch to the Conflict Resolution Tab.

Labeling – Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine…continued

5. The Conflict Resolution Tab

Perhaps the most useful operation in this dialog box for our purposes is the Remove duplicates checkbox.

Check the Remove duplicates checkbox, then hit the Limits button

This box will appear. Iowa 99 county seats all have uniquenames. However, several county seats have multiple disconnected (like a light industrial area outside of town).To alleviate this:

remove Duplicate Labels within 100,000Map Units (meters in this case) of each other.

Hit OK in both the Duplicate Labels and Placement Properties dialog boxes.

Labeling – Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine…continued

6. Change the font for incorporated_cities Default label Class. Font size of 6 should work nicely, and change the text color.

7. Under Placement Properties, change the Offset from 1 to 2. This will increase the space in between the incorporated cities’/county seats’ linework and labels.

8. Hit OK and Save your project.

Labeling – Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine…continued

Labeling – Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine…continued

We now have all the labels we need to work with in their proper fonts. However, both sets of labels overlap the other shapefile’s boundaries. To remedy this, we need to review the order in which the labels are drawn and more importantly in this case, set label weights so that the labels will not overlap each others features.

Labeling – Setting Label Priority

A combination of factors can lead to labels being overlapped over each other, or can keep some labels frombeing drawn at all. To be safe, it’s worth the time to review the Label Priority Function.

The user can set which layer’s labels take precedent over others. This is done with the Label Priority Ranking button located in the Labeling Toolbar.

This Ranking will work fine.

Labeling – Weighting Labels over other Layers Features

To set label weights so that the labels will not overlap each others features, use the Label Weight Ranking button in the Labeling Toolbar.

For the incorporated cities feature layer, assign a a value of 100 for both the Feature Weight and Polygon Boundary Weight.

Hit Apply and look at the changes in the map.

The county and incorporated labels no longer overlap the incorporated cities political boundaries. However, the incorporated labels still overlap the county boundaries in some instances.

Labeling – Weighting Labels over other Layers Features…continued

Labeling – Weighting Labels over other Layers Features…continued

For both of the county feature layers, assign a a value of 50 for both the Feature Weight and Polygon Boundary Weight.

Hit Apply and look at the changes in the map.

Labeling – Weighting Labels over other Layers Features…continued

You should now have a map in which the labels of both layers overlap neither shapefile boundaries or each other. Save your project.

Converting Labels to Annotation

As mentioned at the beginning of this tutorial, the fine-tuning of labels’ appearance, and positions are achieved using Annotation. • Unlike labels, annotation can be edited individually,• Annotation layers are typically created by converting labels to an annotation layer (it pays to fine tune your labels as much as possible before you convert them to annotation).• Annotation can be stored as its own layer for use in subsequent projects IF its parent feature class is stored in a database.

1. Convert labels to annotation by single- right clicking on the layer containing the labels and selecting Convert Labels to Annotation from the drop-down list.

For now, store the annotation In the map

If you now open at the label manager, you will notice that the label class for incorporated cities is turned off…this shouldnot be interpreted as the annotation layer we just created. It remains to be the original label class.

Converting Labels to Annotation…continued

If you need to turn off or turn on the annotation layer,you must open Data Frame Properties from the View Menu, then hit the Annotation tab.

Manipulating Annotation

Annotation behaves much like labels you would have generated in ArcView 3.3.

Zoom into the Sioux City Area. Using the Select Elements tool from the Tools Toolbar (the black arrow), select the Sioux City annotation and move it from the west side of the Missouri River to the east side.

Manipulating Annotation…continued

Changing the display properties of individual annotation.

1. Right-click on the Sioux City annotation and select Properties from the drop-down list.

2. Changing font size, style, and type is donewith the Change Symbol button.

3. Further changes suchas rotation, halos, etccan be done throughthe Properties button.

Manipulating Annotation…continued

4. Changing the angle… 5. Adding a Mask around a label can set text off from its background in many cases.

A helpful tip…don’t categorically trust the Preview of text. It may give you a general idea of what the text might look like in the map, but it is often incorrect.

Before we jump into Layouts, we need to verify that a few toolbars are available for our use.

In the Tools menu, select Customize.

Turn on both the Draw and Layout toolbars.

Layouts – The Toolbars

Layouts – The Toolbars…continued

Before we get started, it is important to recognize that the Zoom In/Zoom Out/Pan Buttons found in the layout toolbar behave COMPLETELY differently than the Zoom In/Zoom Out/Pan buttons from the Tools Toolbar!!!

We will examine this shortly.

The Layout Toolbar vs. the Tools Toolbar

Layouts – The Toolbars

The Draw Tool-baris used, amongstother things to add Graphic Textto a View or layout.

Layouts – The Toolbars…continued

Layouts – Getting Started

Switch to the Layout View by hitting the Layout icon in the lower-left hand corner of the Data View.

Layouts – Getting Started…continued

The Layout View will resemble:

Layouts – Navigating the Layout Viewer

Using these navigation tools from the Layout Toolbar allows you to zoom in/out, pan, Throughout the view WITHOUT changing the geographical display of your layout .

Conversely, utilizing these navigation tools from the Tools Toolbar in the Layout view WILL CHANGE the geographical display of your layout. If you accidentallyUse one of these buttons in the layout view, use the zoom to last extent from the ToolsToolbar to correct your layout.

Layouts – Navigating the Layout Viewer…continued

The Layout Tools Zoom In tool was used to focus in on the finer details of the layout. Note that you can’tsee the layout’s margins.

The Tools’ Zoom In tool was used to focus in on the layout in this case. Note that you CANsee the layout’s margins. The geographic extent of the map has completely changed. There may be cases where this will be desirable, but be careful and aware when zooming/panningIn a layout view.

Layouts – Navigating the Layout Viewer…continued

By default, ArcMap Places a border around the periphery of the layout. This can be deleted or altered by:

Selecting the map within the layout, single-right clicking and selectingProperties from the drop-down list.

Select the Frame tab. Click on the arrownext to the Border Options and select none toremove the border, or select an alternativeborder pattern.

Backgrounds and Drop-shadows are customized in the same manner.

Layouts – Borders, Backgrounds, and Border Drop-Shadows

Layouts – Resizing the Main Map Element

Resizing the main map element is done in the same manner it was done in ArcView 3.X. Single-leftClick on the map element and resize the element by dragging the corners or edges.

Layouts – Centering Map Elements

With the map element desired to be centered, right-click on the element and select Align, Align to Margins if no other options are active, then select Align Center. This will align the element horizontally. This process can be repeated to Align Center Vertically, the element.

Layouts – Inserting Graphic Text

Your usual Microsoft text buttons, located in ArcMap’s Drawing Toolbar are used to insert text.In this case it is used to add a title (County Seats of Iowa).

Layouts – Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales

Legends, north arrows, and scales are all added using the Insert Menu.

Layouts – Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales…continued

Inserting a Legend takes more steps than in ArcView 3.X but is straightforward. Results are much better and can be revised without rebuilding the entire legend. For now, don’t worry about text sizes.

1. Layers in Legend.

2. Use arrows toInclude/exclude Layers

3. Number of columns in the legend is a nice addition.

Hit Next

1

2

4. Legend Title, this should need little explanation

Hit Next

5. Again, this should need little explanation

Hit Next

6. The graphicsrepresentationsof lines and polygons are much more appealing.

Hit Next

Hit the Finish button.

Layouts – Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales…continued

Layouts – Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales…continued

After all the steps, our legend still needs some work. We will change the text incorporated_citiesto County Seat.

Layouts – Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales…continued

To make the change, right-click on incorporated_cities.shp in the Table of Contents and select Properties.In the Layer Properties dialog box, select the General tab and change the Layer name to County Seat.

Layouts – Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales…continued

Note the change in the legend’s text.

Layouts – Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales…continued

When inserting north arrows or scalebars, much of the customizationis conducted with the Properties Buttons.

In particular, the Properties in the scalebar selector are necessary if you want to change its units.

Layouts – Exporting the Map

To export a layoutto an image file, select Export from the File Menu

Many more image formats areavailable for export.

ArcMap Tutorials and Help on Labels and Annotation