PP #11 Corrosion

8/13/2019 PP #11 Corrosion

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MATERIAL SCIENCE

HONORS

CORROSION


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Corrosion

The degradat ion o f a material due to a

react ion w ith i ts env ironment.


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Environmental Factors


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Lab: Effects of Corrosion


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Lab: Effects of CorrosionData Chart

Control Water Vinegar HCl Salt

Water

Soap

WaterPre

Mass

Post

Mass


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Corrosion

Mos t metals are ox idized by the oxygen in air.This process is cal led oxidat ion.


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Lab: Oxidation of a Metal


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Lab: Oxidation of a Metal

Data Chart

Mass Before Oxidation grams

Mass After Oxidation grams


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Oxidization

Electrons leap from the metal to the oxygen

molecules.


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Oxidization

Leo the lion says ger


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Lab: Oxidation &

Reduction of Copper


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Lab: Oxidation &

Reduction of CopperData Chart

Copper

Before HeatingCopper

After Heating

CopperAfter Adding HCl

CopperAfter Adding Zinc


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Corrosion Chemistry

The negat ive oxygen ions which are thus

formed penetrate into the metal , causing the

grow th of an oxide surface.


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Corrosion Chemistry

As the ox ide layer grows the rate of electron

trans fer decreases.

The corros ion s tops and the metal is made

passive.


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Corrosion Can Be a Good

Thing!


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Hurr icanes, f loods , tornadoes and

earthquakes total, on average, 17 b il l ion each

year.


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$276 Billion


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Services, 20.9%

Finance, Insurance and

Real Estate, 19.2%

Manufacturing, 16.3%

Retail Trade, 9.1%

State and Local

Government, 8.5%

Transportation and

Utilities, 8.3%

Extrapolated Corrosion

Costs: $276 billion,

3.1%Mining, 1.2%

Construction, 4.3%

Agriculture, 1.5%

Federal Government,4.1%

Wholesale Trade, 7.0%


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The Silver Bridge-1967

The bridge was dubbed the 'Si lver B ridge'

because i t was the coun try 's fi rs t alum inum

painted b ridge.


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The Silver Bridge-1968

Along w ith fatal i t ies and injur ies, a major

transportat ion route connect ing West Virginia and

Ohio was destroyed str ik ing fear acros s the nat ion.


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Rebar Corrosion


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Rebar Corrosion

Concrete damage due to rebar corrosion is a

common problem among b r idges and o ther

saltwater structu res.


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Bridge Corrosion

Accord ing to a 1997 report, o f the 581,862

bridges in the U.S.A . about 101,518 bridges

were rated as s tructu rally def icient.


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15% o f almost 600,000 bridges in the USA are

structu ral ly defic ient because of corro sion .


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Infrastructure Repair

The est imated cos t is ~$78 b i l l ion , and it cou ld

inc rease to as much as $112 bi l l ion ,

depend ing on the number of years i t takes to

meet the ob ject ive.


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The BP pipel ine at Prudhoe Bay.

Prudhoe Bay is the nat ion's largest o i l f ield.


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BP had to shut down produc t ion.


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A sect ion o f pipel ine show s co rrosion .

The pipe walls had th inned in 12 areas o f the

pipel ine.


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Clos ing the pipel ine w i l l cu t U.S. product ion

by 400,000 barrels daily.


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Corrosion of Electronics


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Erosion Corrosion


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Prevention


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Material Selection

Stainless Steel


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Material Selection

This large statue by Pablo Picasso in fro nt o f the

Chicago ci ty hal l is made of weather ing steel that

does no t need paint ing in many bold ly exposed

envi ronments .


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Iridium

The mos t co rros ive resistant element.


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Barrier Protection

Protective Organic


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Protective OrganicCoatings


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Rebar Protection


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Protective Metal Coatings


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Cathode Protection

The rate of corro sion

react ions may be

contro l led by passinganodic or cathod ic

cu rrents into the

metal.

This process is cal led

cathode pro tect ion .


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This techno logy can

pro vide a long-termsolut ion to corros ion

issues for both steel and

steel reinforced conc retestructu res and concrete

highway pavement

subjected to p rematurefailure as a resu lt o f

exposure to mar ine or

deic ing sal ts.


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Cathode Protection


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This can only be app l ied i f

there is a su itable

conduct ing medium such

as earth o r water through

which a current can f low

to the metal to beprotected.

Cathode Protection


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Sacrificial Protection


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Reactivity

Sodium & Water


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Examples


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Lab: Activity Series


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A team from the Universi ty o f Minneso ta,

Universi ty o f Sou thern Cal i fornia, Woods Hole

Oceanograph ic Ins t i tut ion and LawrenceBerkeley Nat ional Laboratory took samples

from the East Paci f ic Rise, a volcanic m id-

ocean ridge.


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They found that organic compounds capture

som e iron from hydro thermal vents, enabl ing

it to be carried away in seawater.

Iron trapped in this way does no t rus t .


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For the scient is ts , disco ver ing sh iny i ron in the

ocean w as l ike f ish ing a dry sponge out of a poo l .

Iron is the l im i t ing nu tr ient in m ost parts o f the

oceans, meaning that its scarc i ty is the only th ing

standing in the way of faster grow th.


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PP #11 Corrosion