Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) · Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) PHEV2007 - Wi ... technologically significant new productstechnologically significant new

Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit

(PSAT)(PSAT)

PHEV2007 Wi iPHEV2007 - WinnipegNovember 1, 2007

Phillip SharerArgonne National Laboratory

PSAT Topics That Are Covered

The role of PSAT at the U S DOEThe role of PSAT at the U.S. DOEThe role of PSAT at ArgonneTh l f PSAT i i d tThe role of PSAT in industryThe way PSAT is designed to fulfill these rolesThe current studies for the US DOE that include PHEV analysis with PSATyThe need for comprehensive studies that require linked simulation toolsrequire linked simulation tools

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Vehicle Systems Analysis Under FreedomCAR

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PSAT Simulations Support R&D and Management Decisions

After a thorough assessment, PSAT has been selected in 2004 as the primary vehicle model for all FreedomCAR and 21 CTP activities

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the primary vehicle model for all FreedomCAR and 21 CTP activities by the U.S.DOE, stating that “All future code development and enhancements for OFCVT shall focus on PSAT and PSAT-PRO”

PSAT has been awarded a R&D100 Award in 2004 represented to the 100 most technologically significant new productstechnologically significant new products and processes introduced into the market each year.

PSAT has been awarded a Technology Transfer Award in 2007

“… We need a model that’s intuitive, easy to use, and provides accurate results. PSAT gives us that.” Randy Yost - GM Engineering Specialist

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g y g g p

PSAT Topic That Is Being Covered


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ANL Capabilities Designed for Vehicle Systems AnalysisAnalysis

Modeling and Simulation Simulation Validation Benchmarking & Validationg(PSAT) Emulation

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Component/System Emulation Using Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL)

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p ( )



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Large User Database Proof of Success

CATARC

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Different Users Have Different Needs

U S DOEValidated complete vehicle modelsFocused on fuel economy and performanceU.S.DOE Evaluate component in vehicle system contextEvaluate fuel economy potential of future

technologies (e.g. goals)g ( g g )

Implement their own models/data/controlsAl i d i d i li & i iCar Companies Also interested in drive quality & emissionsNeed to have different levels of modelingInterested in software architecture & post-

processing tools

Implement their component model / subsystems

Suppliersp p y

(reuse rest of PSAT models)Interested in software architecture & post-

processing tools

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processing tools


The role of PSAT at the U S DOEThe role of PSAT at the U.S. DOEThe role of PSAT at ArgonneTh l f PSAT i i d tThe role of PSAT in industryThe way PSAT is designed to fulfill these rolesThe current studies for the U.S. DOE that include PHEV analysis with PSATyThe need for comprehensive studies that require linked simulation toolsrequire linked simulation tools

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Developed to meet the requirements of automotive engineering throughout the development process

Forward-looking modelgWide range of vehicle applications from light to heavy dutyUnrivaled number of predefined configurationsUnrivaled number of predefined configurations

Easy implementation of proprietary data, component models, control strategies or drive

lcycles

Easy to use Graphical User Interface

P ibilit t th t l t t i fPossibility to use the control strategies for Hardware-in-the-Loop / Software-in-the-Loop

Designed for co-simulation environment

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Forward Modeling Provides Accurate Results

Accelerator/Brake pedal

M t d

Controller Commands

Clutch command

Motor command

Shift command Brake commandEngine commandClutch command

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PSAT Architecture Designed to Suit All Users NeedsNeeds

XML

Model

DatabaseDatabase

XML

Doc

HTML

Doc

New Microsoft Office version will be based on XMLe c oso t O ce e s o be based oOnly new tabs need to be added when adding new features or integrating with another tool

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PSAT - A Single Tool Throughout the Development Process

Easy selection of data, models, control

i d i l Run batch mode

Build and compare large number of

i strategies or drive cycles Run batch modepowertrain configurations

Ensure simulation Analyze and compare test andtraceability compare test and simulation data

Easy implementation Ensure model compatibilities

y pof data, models, control strategies or d i l

Use models and controls for HIL/RCP

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drive cycles

Large Number of Configurations Achieved Through Automatic BuildingThrough Automatic Building

O i #1 O i #2 S l iOption #1 Option #2 SolutionDrag & Drop Build Save Entire Vehicles

model based on

users choices using

add_block &

add_line

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Conventional Vehicle Correlation

Vehicle Source UDDSPSAT

HWFETPSAT

UDDS Adjusted

HWFETAdjusted

UDDSDelta

HWFETDeltaPSAT

(mpg)PSAT(mpg)

Adjusted(mpg)

Adjusted (mpg)

DeltaEPA(%)

DeltaEPA(%)

Civic DX EPA 29.00 38.00

Adj t d V l 34 62 49 35 31 16 38 49 7 4 1 3Adjusted Values 34.62 49.35 31.16 38.49 7.4 1.3

Focus ZTW auto EPA 25.00 31.00

Adjusted Values 27.44 39.07 24.70 30.47 -1.2 -1.7

Accord DX EPA 24 00 34 00Accord DX EPA 24.00 34.00

Adjusted Values 27.62 44.09 24.86 34.39 3.6 1.1

Taurus EPA 20.00 27.00

Adjusted Values 23.19 39.01 20.87 30.43 4.4 12.7Adjusted Values 23.19 39.01 20.87 30.43 4.4 12.7

Equinox EPA 19.00 25.00

Adjusted Values 21.01 32.00 18.91 24.96 -0.5 -0.2

Vehicle & Component test data was not available except for the Equinox

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Vehicle & Component test data was not available except for the Equinox

Mild Hybrid Correlation ExampleHonda Insight Resultso da s g t esu tsCycle Cons

test Cons simul

Diff in %

SOC init

SOCf test

SOCf simul

Diff in %

mpg mpgJapan 10-15

57.9 58.8 1.5 0.596 0.610 0.611 0.410 15NEDC 60.6 60.2 - 0.6 0.600 0.602 0.583 - 3.6

HWFET 74.2 75.3 1.4 0.590 0.588 0.589 0.2

UDDS 58.3 57.8 - 0.8 0.728 0.706 0.720 2.0

Battery SOCMotor Torque

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62

Measured Simulated

%)

y

0

10

20

30 Measured Simulated

.m)

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58

59

60

SO

C (%

60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

Mot

or to

rque

(N.

3333

100 200 300 400 500 60057

Time (s) 100 200 300 400 500 600

-60

Time (s)

Full Hybrid Correlation Example2004 Prius Results2004 Prius Results

Drive Cycle APRF Test(1) PSAT Difference in %

UDDS 71 73 2 8UDDS 71 73 2.8HWFET 67 66.2 - 1.2US06 42 45.3 7.8US06 42 45.3 7.8

Japan1015 75 78.1 4.1NEDC 69 68.5 - 0.7

(1) Several averaged test results – hot start

500

Boost Converter Output

0 75

0.8Battery SOC

SimuMeas

350

400

450

Volts

0.65

0.7

0.75

soc

250

300SimuMeas

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 30000.55

0.6

0.65

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50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400time

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000time (sec)

Plug-in Hybrid Correlation Example5kWh Hymotion5kWh Hymotion

Unit Test SimulationAbsolute

DifferenceRelative

DifferenceFuel Economy mile/gallon 176.7 192.3 15.2 8.8%

Elec. Consumption Wh/km 86.3 83.8 2.5 2.8%SOC Init % 62 62 0 0SOC Init % 62 62 0 0

SOC Final % 62 62.8 0.8 1.3%System Efficiency % 56.0 55.2 0.8 1.4%

Charge Depleting Mode Comparison – UDDS

Engine Torque

Test 60610104

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Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and MultiPath Studies(GPRA) and MultiPath Studies

Objective: Evaluate fuel displacement impact of DOE activitiesResults:– Simulated > 700 vehicles in GPRA, > 400 in Multipath

Introduced risk analysis to evaluate uncertainty (low medium high)– Introduced risk analysis to evaluate uncertainty (low, medium, high)Future GPRA/Multipath Studies– Continue to refine assumptions– Perform Monte-Carlo analysis (similar to GREET)

4 Timeframes3 Vehicle Platforms 3 Engine Technologies

(2 in Multipath)Midsize Car - Combined Cycle

80

100

120

140

cono

my

(mpg

)

SI ConvCI ConvH2 ConvSI Full HEVSI Full HEV PHEV10SI Full HEV PHEV40CI Full HEVCI Full HEV PHEV10CI Full HEV PHEV40H2 Full HEVH2 F ll HEV PHEV10

4 Timeframes (2 in Multipath)

0

20

40

60

2010 2015 2030 2045

Adj

uste

d Fu

el E

c H2 Full HEV PHEV10H2 Full HEV PHEV40FC HEVFC HEV PHEV10FC HEV PHEV408 Powertrain

Configurations 2 Drive Cycles

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2010 2015 2030 2045Timeframe

PHEV Battery Requirements

Objective:Battery Testing

Define battery requirements for short and long term for PHEVsCollaboration with Energy Storage System TT Battery ModelingCollaboration with Energy Storage System TTProgress:– VL41M battery modeled

τ1

τ2

IL Ro

Rp1 Rp2

Ip Ip

OCV

VL

y– Component models and control strategy defined– Draft requirements provided for approval

F t Di tiVehicle Modeling

Ip1 Ip2

Future Directions:– Using data from battery characterization and system

evaluation (HIL), update the requirementsBatt HIL Validation

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PHEV Control Strategy Evaluation

Objective: Determine optimal real-time control strategies for

( ) ( ){ }tSOCtP nm ,

( ) ( ){ } ( )tJtSOCtP '0,000 ,1',1 ++

( )tU 0

( )TX( )0X

Global Optimization

e e e op a ea e co o s a eg es oPHEVsResults:– Global optimization algorithm used to view

( ) ( ){ } ( )tJtSOCtP MMMM ',' ,1,1 ++

( )tU M

.

.

.

.

.

.Control Development (PSAT)Global optimization algorithm used to view

the “best” control for several driving cycles and distancesPreliminary controls developed in PSAT

p ( )

– Preliminary controls developed in PSATFuture Directions– Optimize control strategies focused on fuel

economy– Evaluate the controls in MATT– Include thermal and emission impact

Control Evaluation in MATT

p

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GREET and PSAT Are Synergetic Tools

GREET PSAT

Upstream:

GREET

Downstream: Vehicle

PSAT•Numerous Configurationsp

Fuel Production, Distribution

Fuel Consumption•More Detailed Components

•More Complex Control Strategies

Well to Pump Pump to Wheels

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GREET Can Now Be Launched From PSAT

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PSAT Is

The primary vehicle model for all FreedomCAR andThe primary vehicle model for all FreedomCAR and 21st Century Truck Partnership activitiesA vehicle model that predicts fuel economy and p yperformance for PHEVs, HEVs and hydrogen fueled vehiclesUsed by 300 users including OEMs, suppliers and universitiesLinked with other U.S. DOE tools: GREET and cost model, diverse questions can be answered

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Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) · Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) PHEV2007 - Wi ... technologically significant new productstechnologically significant new