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1 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
Diese l Sys tems
Alexander Fre itagDirector Engineering Sys tems Development Robert Bosch LLC
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century:Facing the Challenge of Dramatic Fuel Economy Demands
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
2
Conventional powertra ins – Game over ?
Diese l Sys tems
The Oil Party is nearly overPeak Oil Beyond Oil
Cru
de O
il E
xtra
ctio
n
Exa
Jou
le/a
Year
Odell
Campbell
Medium Scenario
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2008 2012 2020
ICE (gasoline / diesel)
EV and PHEV
Hybrid Vehicles (HEV)
Others (FlexFuel, CNG, LPG)
volu
mes
[mio
. veh
icle
s]
4.8
3,0
4.2
*)
7082
103
0.60.002
7.21.90.3
9.4 10.2
6.03.0
19.2
New powertrains: Estimated world market volumes
Internal Combustion Engines will remain the predominant power train for the near futureDiesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Conventional powertrains – Game over ?
4 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Agenda
The FUTURE of Clean Diesel
The PAST of Clean Diesel
The PRESENT of Clean Diesel
5 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
The PAST-PRESENT-FUTURE of Clean Diesel
1897 1912 1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008 2009/102006
6 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Agenda
The FUTURE of Clean Diesel
The PAST of Clean Diesel
The PRESENT of Clean Diesel
7 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Consumer Consideration Index
Steady Increase in Consumer Consideration of Clean Diesel Technology
Source: CNW Research
Would you purchase a clean diesel ?
13% 14%
17%20%
23%24% 25% 25%
28% 29%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan-11
Feb-11
Mar-11
Apr-11
May-11
8 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Clean Diesel Technology achieved Take-Rate of > 30% in less than 2 years
Source: POLK Registration Data
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan-
09Fe
b-09
Mar
-09
Apr-
09M
ay-0
9Ju
n-09
Jul-0
9Au
g-09
Sep-
09O
ct-0
9N
ov-0
9D
ec-0
9Ja
n-10
Feb-
10M
ar-1
0Ap
r-10
May
-10
Jun-
10Ju
l-10
Aug-
10Se
p-10
Oct
-10
Nov
-10
Dec
-10
Jan-
11Fe
b-11
Mar
-11
Apr-
11
Cle
an D
iese
l Tak
e-R
ate
[%]
BMW X5 BMW 335d Audi A3 Audi Q7MB GL350 MB ML350 MB R350 MB E350Jetta Sedan Jetta Wagen Touareg GolfAvg. Trend
Clean Diesel Take-Rate PC/LD
Source: Polk
12%
34%
9 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Alternative Powertrain Comparison
Clean Diesel Technology on par with other alternative Powertrains
Source: Polk / Edmunds
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Audi A3TDI
Audi Q7TDI
VW GolfTDI
VW JettaSE/SW TDI
VWTouareg
TDI
FordFusionHybrid
ToyotaHighlander
Hybrid
HondaCivic Hybrid
NissanAltimaHybrid
VWTouaregHybrid
12 PC/LD Models Average Take Rate : 30%
26 Models Average Take Rate : 5%*
Average Premium Paid for Advanced Technology Vehicle in NA (2010)
Diese l: 2,700 USD Hybrid: 6,300 USD
*Not incl. hybrid/e lectric only vehicles e .g. Toyota Prius , Chevy Volt, e tc.
10
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year
Tota
l Life
cycl
e C
ost
Gasol ine Clean Diesel
DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Total Cost of Ownership [TCO]
Clean Diesel offers TCO benefits (payback) in less than 18 months
Source: Carnegie Mellon University
3600 USD
Light Duty Passenger Car Medium Duty Pick Up Truck
3100 USD
11 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Clean Diesel Launch Calendar
Clean Diesel Models will more than double within less than 3 years
Source: Bosch
12 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Agenda
The FUTURE of Clean Diesel
The PAST of Clean Diesel
The PRESENT of Clean Diesel
13 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Powertrain diversification for Today and the Future
EV /range extender
EV / fuel cell
EV / battery EV (battery /fuel cell)
diesel
alternative fuels
hybrid
1997 2010 2015
gasoline
diesel
gasoline
diesel
alternativefuels
hybrid
dual fuel
gasoline
EV /range extender
?Variety of Technical solution needed to address energy reduction
14Diese l Sys tems
S tra tegies for T2B2/SULEV: Enhanced EGTN
MH
C [m
g/m
i]
Available vehicles already signific. below T2B5, measures for achieving T2B2 definedNOx [mg/mi]
0 20 140 1600
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90100
40 60 80 100 120 180
Tier2Bin5Full useful life
200
Tier2Bin5 Base:
EU5/6 Low NOx-Combustion+ Efficient DeNOx
Current Tier2Bin5 applications
w/ Bosch Common Rail
Tier2Bin2 (SULEV)
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Full System Approach Required
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
15Diese l Sys tems
Air Management
Swirl-/Throttle Valve
Turbo Charger/VGT*
Exhaust gas management Fas t Cata lys t Light-Off
(reduce thermal losses )
Diese l Particula te Filte r
NOx s torage ca ta lys t
Cata lys ts t temp control
Fuel Injection System New Genera tions Multiple Injections Reduced Tolerance Optimized Nozzle
Tolerance Reduction
Zero Fuel Calibra tion Fuel Balancing Control
Individual Cylinder Control
Optimizing the Diese l Sys tem Combustion Process Reduction of
compress ion ra tio Partly homogenous
combus tion
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
*VGT= Variable Geometry Turbo
16
SCR
DO
C
cDPF
AdBlue Dosing
NSC
DO
C
cDPF
HC Dosing
DO
C
cDPF
HC Dosing
DO
C
AdBlue Dosing
SCR
1
NS
C
cDPF
AdBlue Dosing
SCR2
3
4
+-
Improved se ries technology
Needs enhanced hea t up, FE , GHG
+
-
Add HC and NOx buffe r for low tempera tureComplex control s tra tegy required
+
-
Promises good low tempera ture e fficiencyPerformance depends only on therma lcritica l NSC (LNT)
+-
Promises robus tness and high e fficiencyComplex and expens ive
Sys tem Approaches for FTP SULEV compliance
Different approaches are investigated to indentify the best solution Diesel Sys tems
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
NSC= NOx S torage Cata lys tcDPF=coated Diese l Particula te Filte rDOC=Diese l Oxidation Cata lys tSCR=Selective Cata lys t Reduction
17Diesel Sys tems
Potentia l of Close-Coupled SCR
-
Exh
aust
Gas
Tem
p. [°
C]
0
100
200
300
400
Elapsed Time of NEDC [sec]0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Vehicle:• 4,700 lbsEngine:• EURO4-compliant
base engine• “conv. combustion
system”• 2.2 l 4-cylinder • 110 kW @ 4,000rpmBOSCH DNOX3.1
Close-coupled SCR yields to a significant improvement in NOx conversion due to higher SCR temperatures.
55 %
85 %
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
18Diese l Sys tems
S tra tegies for T2B2/SULEV: Current S ta tus
Improvements required:More thermally stable catalyst and more precise temperature control
After (thermal) life time aging: fa iled Thermal s tres s (high tempera ture due to DPF regenera tion & desulphuriza tion) causes aging of ca ta lys ts Need be tte r control of thermal events to prevent aging -> Model based temp monitoring
NS
C
cDPF
AdBlue Dosing
SCR
NM
HC
+ N
Ox
[mg/
mi]
de -greened life time aging(the rmal s tre ss )
NMHC NOx
0
20
40
70
80
10
50
60
30
FTP75
Example : PC, approx. 3750 lbs Results of Bosch SULEV Study (9.2010)
SULEV targe t met w/ degreened (low mileage) components
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
19Diesel Sys tems
1000 2000 3000 4000
BM
EP [b
ar]
0
5
10
15
20
N [1/min]1000 2000 3000 4000
Engine Speed [rpm]1000 2000 3000 4000
BM
EP [b
ar]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Engine Speed [rpm]1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
500500
500400 400
400300300
300270 270
270
230
230230
210
220
220
240 240
240
Fuel Consumption in g/kWh
BM
EP [b
ar]
0
5
10
15
20
Engine Speed [rpm]1000 2000 3000 4000
NOX
CO HC
Soot
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
eHybrid Drive Advantage
The Hybrid: Not only a Gasoline Alternative
D/ENS-NA | 07.12.2011 | 1185_163.ppt © 2011 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
20
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
Sta
te o
f Cha
rge
in W
h
Full Test (NEDC)Split Test (UDC + EUDC)
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Time in s
Cum
ulat
ive
CO
2 Em
issi
on(p
er c
ent o
f con
venc
tiona
l)
Conventional VehicleHybrid - Full TestHybrid - Split test
Hybrid Technology Potentia l
Diesel Sys tems
UDC EUDC
(per
cen
t of c
onve
ntio
nal*
)
* Basis: CO2 Emission in gof Conventional Vehicle in NEDC
CO2 emission reductionby combining urbanwith extra urban driving
Split Test:Battery balance is also forced at the end of UDC
Vehicle Speed
~20 % CO2 reduction
D/ENS-NA | 07.08.2011 | 1186_199.ppt © 2011 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
NEDC=New European Driving CycleUDC=Urban Driving CycleEUDC=Extra Urban Driving Cycle
21 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Clean Diesel Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential
Significant Potential in Greenhouse Gas reduction expected from Clean Diesel
CO
2re
duct
ion
Evolution
29%
Extr
eme
Dow
nsin
g to
4-c
yl.
Extremedownsizg.
ExtremeDownSizing
5%
Downsizing and –speeding- enabled by optimized CCS *
St/St***w/ ReCu
4-5%
ThM**
1-2%
Down-speed.
2-4%
oCC
S*
–P
acka
ge
22%
FrictionReduct.
1%
oCCS*
2-3%
9-11%
Down-sizeddis-
place-ment
* CCS= Conventional Combustion System | ** ThM=Thermal management | *** St/St=Start/Stop SystemSUV w/ 4605 lbs, Basis: 200 kW DI-Diesel, 700 Nm
oCC
S p
lus
DeN
Ox
24%
DeNOx
De-NOx
1-2% COMMENTS %-va lue is reduction
potentia l for s tand-a lone measures .
“optimized CCS” -Package: engine ( + mgmt.) meas . for low NOx combus tion
DeNOx–Package: Active DeNOx-sys tem (NSC NOx-trap or Se l. Ca ta lytic Reduction).
22
334
DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Clean Diesel Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential
eHyb
. TC
Die
sel
322
Gas
olin
e P
FI*
-30%
476
BaseGas E10
GDI T/Cdownsizedadvanced
Base Diesel
Well to wheel
CO
2 em
issi
ons
[g/m
i]
eHyb
rid
eHyb
rid
withHybrid
withHybrid
405-32%
289
CA
Gri
d
Plug-in Hybrid elec.
340
Significant Potential in Greenhouse Gas reduction expected from Clean Diesel
-15%
184*
Die
sel B
20
Base DieselB20 Fuel
Base DieselB20 Fuel
DownsizedEGT
-61%
eHyb
.
230
-52%
256*
-47%
U.S
. Gri
d
*estimated based on Bosch internal simulations
Source: EIA report based on GREET model
23 DS/ENS-NA | 07/12/2011 | 1185_163 | © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel
Diesel Systems
Summary
Clean Diesel well accepted by Consumers due to clear benefits
Clean Diesel an Economical solution for Today and Tomorrow
Clean Diesel shows potential to meet future emission regulation
Clean Diesel offers additional potential for GHG reduction
Rudolf Diesel (1897)
Turbo Diesel (2011)
Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 07.08.2011 | 1186_199.ppt © 2011 Robe rt Bosch LLC and affilia te s . All rights re se rved.
The Past – Present – Future of Clean Diesel