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THE CULTURE OF
FILIPINOS DURING THE PRE-SPANISH
PERIOD
UNCULTURED-
(of persons) lacking of knowledge, unrefined
UNCIVILIZED-
without civilizing influences; barbarous
DEFINITION:
CIVILIZED-having a high state of cultureand development both socialand technological; marked by refinement in taste and manners;
PRE-HISPANIC-it pertains to a period in a particular nation’s history that was not yet colonized by Spain
STRATIFICATION - the condition of beingarranged in social strata or classes within a group.
MODE OF DRESSINGTATTOESORNAMENTSHOUSESSOCIAL CLASSESAGRICULTURE(PLANTING)RELIGION
CONTENTS:
COURTSHIP, MARRIAGE & DIVORCE CUSTOMS
MUSICDANCEEDUCATION LITERATURELANGUAGESWRITINGBURIAL & MOURNING CUSTOMS
MODE OF DRESSING
Male AttireKangan – a long sleeves jacket without collar. Its color indicates a social rank.Red – upper classBlue or Black – lower class
Bahag – a piece of cloth wrapped around the waist and between the legs.
Putong – head gear or hat
Kangan and Putong Bahag
Female AttireBaro or Camisa – wide sleeved jacket
Tapis – a piece of cloth wrapped around the waist
Patadyong or saya – a short loose skirt
Baro and Saya
Tapis
Men and women were barefooted.
Men and women wore gold ornaments.
Men tattooed their bodies:
To enhance their physical appearance
To show their war record
TATTOES
The Visayan were the mosttattooed people.
Las Islas de PintadosPintados
Pintados
The women as well as the men burdened themselves with such trappings as armlets called kalumbiga, pendants, gold rings, and bracelets.
ORNAMENTS
Necklace
Bead Bracelet
Belt
Medal
Earrings
Hat
The Pasiking
Baskets
Axe
Shield
Jars
Nipa Hut – made of nipa, bamboo and wood, usually grouped in villages along the river banks
HOUSES
Tree Houses – built on top of trees for protection against enemies, common to the Kalingas and Bagobos
Boat Houses – still use by the Badjaos of Sulu Sea because the sea is their source of living
Nipa Hut
Boat House Tree House
The pre-Spanish societywas divided into threesocial classes:
SOCIAL CLASSES
Nobles. They constituted thebarangay aristocracy, the highestsocial class. This class wascomposed of the affluent slaveowning families, including thedatu and the rich people.
Maharlikas
Freemen. They constitutedthe middle class in thebarangays. They were free-born persons and emancipated slaves.
Timawas
Slaves. They belong to the lowestsocial classes. The causes of slaverywere the following:
BirthCaptivity in warPurchaseFailure to pay debtsPenalty for crimes committed
Alipin
Aliping Namamahay- they lived in their houses. They owned their property. They could marry without their master’s consent. They could not be sold.
Kinds of Slaves
Aliping Saguiguilid- they owned no property. They lived in their master’s house. They could not marry without their master’s consent. They could be sold anytime.
Slaves could emancipate themselves and become a freeman in various ways of emancipation as follows:
MarriagePurchaseVoluntary action of the master
Hence, a slave woman who married a freeman or a noble automatically becomes free. A slave man could become free by paying his master a certain sum of gold.
Farming was the main industry of ancient Filipinos. Two methods of cultivation were used:
AGRICULTURE(PLANTING)
Kaingin Method - in which
the land was cleared by setting
fire to the shrubs and bushes,
after which holes were bored in
the ground with pointed sticks
and seeds were then planted
there.
Regular means of tillageusing wooden plows andharrows drawn by
carabaos.
Other industries of earlyFilipinos were fishing, mining, lumbering, weaving, making tools and weapons,manufacturing of wines,raising of poultry and stock,and shipbuilding.
Farmers
The early Filipinos were pagans. Their supreme God is Bathala, the creator of heaven, earth, and men.
RELIGION
Early Filipinos worshipped ancestral spirits called anitos(Tagalog) or
diwatas (Bisayan)Sacrifices called maganito were offered.
Sacrifices were performed by a priest or priestess called katalona or babaylan.
They believed in life after death.
They also worshipped nature in the belief that such natural objects were the habitats of the spirits.
Before marriage, the groom gave a dowry to the family of the bride (bigaykaya).
COURTSHIP, MARRIAGE & DIVORCE CUSTOMS
It consisted of gold, land, slaves or anything else of value.
Dowry
The groom had to work in the house of his bride for a certain period of time to do the following:
Carrying water and firewood to the house
Assisting the bride’s father in plowing the field
Assisting in the planting and harvesting of rice
Marriage Ceremony
Wedding ceremony would take place at the groom's house
Friends of the groom went to bride's house to bring her to the home of the groom.
The priestess, joined the hands of the couple over a bowl of uncooked rice and pronounced them man and wife.
On the day of the wedding:
adultery on the part of the wife
desertion on the part of the husband
loss of affectioncrueltyinsanitychildlessness
Grounds for Divorce
They were lovers of music.
MUSIC
Kudyapi- Tagalog guitarKalaleng- Tinggian nose- flute
Kulintang- Muslim xylophoneTultogan- Visayan bamboo drum
Silbay- Ilocano reed fluteSuracan- Subanun cymbal
They had various musical instruments as follows:
Their songs expressed all aspects of life.
Tagumpay- Tagalog song of victoryDallu- Negrito religious songAyeg- klu- Igorot serenade songBactal- Tagbanua death songDal-lot- Ilocano ballad songKuilay- kuilay- Tinggian wine songTudob- Agusan harvest song
They had plenty of folk dances such as:Kumintang- Tagalog love danceMahinhin- Tagalog courtship dance
Dandansoy- Visayan tuba danceKinnoton- Ilocano ant’s dancePanjalay- Muslim wedding dance
Tadek- Tinggian love dance
DANCE
Ritual Dance
War Dance Courtship Dance
Ethnic Dance
Ancient people hadInformal System ofEducation.
EDUCATION
Fathers train their son/s to be warriors, hunters, fishermen, miners, lumbermen, and
shipbuilders.
Mothers, on the otherhand, train theirdaughter/s in cooking, gardening, sewing,and other householdchores.
Oral literature 1. Myths and legends-which recounted the world and the origin of man, woman, andother creatures.
LITERATURE
2. Songs and poems-which chanted the deeds of their gods and heroes
3. Fables, proverbs (sawikain) and riddles (bugtong).
Riddles, Proverbs and Stories were told by the people as they work inside the native house.
Tarsilas - surviving pre-spanish specimen. It is a Muslimgenealogies of Mindanao and Sulu.
Written literature
Early Filipinos had different languages anddialects.
LANGUAGES
It was originated from a common linguistic source Malayo Polynesian language, the mother tongue of the Pacific races.
Early Filipinos used sharp pointed iron instrument called sipol as pen.
WRITING
They wrote on banana leaves, tree-barks, and bamboo tubes.
The direction of their writing was from left toright.
Ancient alphabet is consisted of 3 vowels and 14 consonants.
In burying their dead, the corpse was embalmed and was buried amidst his home, in cave, or in a headland overlooking the sea.
BURIAL & MOURNING CUSTOMS
The dead in the coffin in flexed position.
The dead sit wrapped in blanket with which mourners wipe their tears as a sign of tribute.
during the period of mourning, relatives wore rattan bands around their necks, arms, and legs
they abstained from eating meat and drinking wine
no colored clothes were worn by the grieving people
all wars and quarrels were suspended
singing in boats returning from the sea was prohibited
Desiree Infante-LeaderArvie Sebastian-Assistant Leader
Denver VillanuevaHannah Nerize PalermoRegine LacernaMarianne Jillean Abulencia
Ronald Magdangal
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