Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Symbiosis
Our goal for today is to answer these
questions:
• What is symbiosis?
• What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
• What are some examples of symbiosis?
What is symbiosis?
the act of living together
Symbiosis What it means:
•Two organisms that live together
•Temporarily or for a longer time
•At least one of the organisms
benefits from the relationship
What are the different kinds of
symbiosis?
Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism
both organisms
benefit
one organism
benefits
one organism
benefits
one organism
is unaffected
one organism
is harmed
Mutualism
Organism One Organism Two
Commensalism
Organism One Organism Two
Parasitism
Organism One Organism Two
Acacia Plant & Ants
The ants lay eggs on
acacia tree so they get
a nice safe place for
their eggs. The acacia
covers the infected
area with brown flesh
(called a gall.) The
plant has to use
valuable resources to
create the gall.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
parasitism
Anemone & Anemone Fish
mutualism
This fish lives its entire adult life
among the tentacles of a bulb-
tentacle sea anemone. Anemone
fish do not get stung by the
anemone as would most other fish
so they get protection from
predators. The fish often drop
food scraps which the anemones
can eat.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a
pair of stinging anemones
in its claws, which it uses
to defend itself from
predators. The anemones
get to move around which
increases their food
supply.
mutualism
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
The remora attaches itself
to the shark and saves
energy since it doesn’t
have to swim, and it gets to
snack on the sharks kills.
The shark doesn’t get
anything.
Shark & Remora
commensalism
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
This tiny emperor shrimp is
riding along on the back of a
sea cucumber (a long worm-
like starfish relative) while it
crawls along a sandy bottom.
The shrimp gets to travel
around under the protection of
its much larger partner, and
the sea cucumber doesn't
seem to mind.
Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
commensalism
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Moray Eel & Cleaner Fish
This moray eel has a small fish
cleaning between its teeth. The
eel gets a clean mouth while the
cleaner fish gets a nice meal.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
mutualism
Cattle & Cattle Egrets
As these cattle walk
around eating grass they
stir up lots of insects. The
egrets hang around and
get a yummy meal of
insects.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
commensalism
Clown Fish & Anemone
This clown fish swims in
the anemone and gets
protection, since its
predators will get stung.
The anemone is
unaffected.
What symbiotic
relationship is this? commensalism
Antelope & Ox Bird
This ox bird
hangs out on the
antelope and gets
a delicious meal
of bugs living on
the antelope. The
antelope gets rid
of parasites.
What symbiotic
relationship is this? mutualism
Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm infects
human the blood
stream and gets a
nice warm safe
home there. The
human may go
blind or have other
complications as a
result.
What symbiotic
relationship is this? parasitism
Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
mutualism
This alpheid shrimp (on
the right) uses its strong
claws like a bulldozer to
create a burrow in the
sand. The shrimp is nearly
blind. It relies upon its
partner, the sharp-eyed
goby, to warn of danger.
When a potential predator
approaches, both animals
disappear quickly into the
burrow
Wrasse & Batfish Can you see the two
cleaner wrasses are
removing parasites from
a batfish? One of the
wrasses has entered the
gill slit of the batfish, and
may even enter its
mouth in search of food.
The batfish gets a bath
and the wrasse gets a
meal.
What symbiotic
relationship is this? mutualism
Hummingbird Moth &
Flower
This hummingbird moth is
drinking the nectar of a
flower. The flower gets
pollinated (the moth brings
pollen from other flowers)
and the moth gets a tasty
meal.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
mutualism