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June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 1
Performance Based Navigation: Performance Based Navigation: Developments and BenefitsDevelopments and Benefits
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 2
Eduardo JuranovicIATA
Assistant Director, Safety, Operations & Infrastructure
Latin America & Caribbean
(305) 779-9837
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 3
IATA todayIATA today230 Airline Members
from 143 countries94% of total international traffic
200 partners Representation in 90 countries1400 staffwww.iata.org
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 4
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 5
PBN Benefits for Airlines/OperatorsRNP uses the GPS navigational capabilities … to optimize flight approach and departure tracks and reduce fuel consumption and emissions while enhancing safety and providing access to airports in reduced weather conditions.
RNP offers more reliable and predictable flight paths, time and fuel savings, shorter route distances, reduced emissions and noise.
Capt. Chris Manning, Qantas Chief Pilot(Flight International, 27 May – 2 June 2008)
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 6
PBN Safety Benefits
CFIT reductionStabilized approachesSafer missed-approachesSafer non-normal proceduresLess stress on flight crewsLess ATC COMM congestionNo ILS, VOR signal distortion
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 7
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
USA: GPS (+ WAAS, LAAS)Russia: GLONASSEU: GALILEO (+ EGNOS)Others: MSAS (Japan), GAGAN (India)
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 8
Modern aircraft contain advanced systems, RNAV, RNP, datalink and ADS features, and robust configurations e.g. dual FMC, dual GPS, dual DME/VOR, triple IRS, ADS, etc.
HFAntenna
High GainSatelliteAntenna
Low GainSatelliteAntenna
HFTransceiver
ACARSManagement
Unit
VHF Transceiver
Satellite Data Unit
Amplifier
AudioControlPanel
Radio TuningPanel
VHFAntenna
TCAS II Mode SDisplays
TCAS II Mode S
TCAS IIAntenna
Mode SAntenna
GPSAntennas
DMEAntennas
VORAntennas
FlightManagementSystem
MonitoringAlertingSystem
FlightManagementSystem
Autopilot/FlightDirectorSystems
MMRILSGPS
DME
VOR
DME
VOR
IRS
Flt DeckDisplays/Alerting
ILSAntennas
Aircraft Capability
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 9
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 10
Cessna 182Skylane
Environmental Objective Environmental Objective and Strategyand Strategy
Carbon-neutral in the medium-termZero-carbon emissions in long-termFour-pillar strategy:
1. Invest in new technology2. Build and use efficient infrastructure3. Operate planes effectively4. Economic measures/tax incentives
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 12
FactsFacts andand FiguresFiguresTransport in general accounts for 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions
behind the power and land use sectorsthe same as the agriculture sector
Aviation is responsible for 12% of CO2 emissions from all transport sources76% is from road transport
1% reduction in fuel burn (or 1 minute reduction in flight time)saves 7 million tons emissions per year
saving 1 kg on each flight could save roughly1,700 tons of fuel per year5,400 tons of CO2 per year
Aircraft and engine manufacturers devote up to 15% of turnover to research
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 13
FactsFacts andand FiguresFigures1 kg of fuel CO2 produces 3.19 kg (varies between 3.12 – 3.26 kg)New aircraft are 70% more fuel efficient than 40 years ago
20% better than 10 years ago Airlines are aiming for a further 25% fuel efficiency improvement by 2020 Modern aircraft achieve fuel efficiencies of 3.5 lt. per 100 passenger km.The A380 and B787 are aiming for 3 lt. per 100 passenger km
78 passenger MPGbetter than a compact car!
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 14
FactsFacts andand FiguresFiguresAir transport produces 2% of global CO2 emissions
could reach 3% by 2050700 million tons per yearthis is actually less than the CO2 produced worldwide by cattle
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 15
FactsFacts andand FiguresFiguresCrows are famous for their ability to fly between two points by the most direct route
But aircraft often have to zig-zagBy shortening routes, we can cut CO2 emissions by 6 million tones per year
Flying is a wonderful thing
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 16
AIRPORT A
AIRPORT B
VOR RNAV routes
NDB
RNAV ROUTE
ATS ROUTE
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 17
The use of satellite technology has allowed the aviation industry to move away from its dependence on ground based navigation systems
Increased AirspaceEfficiency
Highly OptimizedUse of AirspaceLimited Design
Flexibility
Current GroundNav aids
“curved”paths
SeamlessVertical
Path
Waypoints RNAV RNP
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 18
RNAV Route: Lima – Buenos Aires
RNAV Route UL 550
NAV Route UA 558 / UB 679
Buenos Aires
Lima
SavingsDist.: 36 NMTime: 5 min.Fuel: 2.0M lb./yr
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 19
RNAV Route: Santiago – BA/Montevideo
NEW RNAV ROUTE UM 424
OLD NAV ROUTE UW 68
SavingsDist.: 16 NMTime: 2 min.Fuel: 1.4M lb./yr
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 20
PBN ApplicationsDepartures
Normal (SID)Engine-out (MTOW)
RoutesArrivals (STAR)Instrument approaches
Non-precision (NPA)With vertical guidance (APV)RNPGLS
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 21
RNAV Approaches: Quito (Ecuador)Savings: 37 NM, 11 min.Fuel: 6.0M lb./yr.
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 22
RNAV/RNP Procedures
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 23
Atlanta RNAV Departure Procedures (April 2005)
After RNAVBefore RNAV
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 24
DFW before and after implementation of RNAV procedures
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 25
RNP SAAAR Approach ProcedureWashington National Airport (KDCA)
Safety enhancement, with guided, stabilized 3D path to runway Provides RNP corridor which avoids prohibited airspace
7 of 12
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 26
Augmentation SystemsAircraft based Augmentation System – ABAS
RAIM, FDEglobal coverage
Satellite Based Augmentation System – SBASWAAS, EGNOSregional coverage
Ground Based Augmentation System – GBASLAASlocal coverageFirst Boeing production airplane with LAAS: 12 May 2005 (737NG)
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 27
COMPONENTSDifferential ground stationVHF datalink receiver to aircraft (108 MHz – 117 MHz Band)GBAS can provide corrections for SBAS GEO ranging signals
GBAS GROUNDSTATION
DATALINK
GBAS
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 28
GBAS Installation at Sydney
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 29
GBAS Installation at Sydney
GLS Facility Shelter
VHF Data Link Antenna
GPS Reference Receiver Antennas
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 30
The Future GNSSThe joint use of GPS (modernized), GLONASSand GALILEO IS anticipated
Improved ABAS is anticipated (implementation of L5) Two augmentation systems are being implemented
SBASAlready providing high integrity en route through APV guidanceCat I in future over wide areas
GBASeventually will provide CAT I, II and III procedures
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 31
AW&STNov. 5, 2007
June 2008ICAO PBN Seminar 32
Thank youThank you