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powerpoint 6a. the prehistoric & the ancient world Sayre Chapters 17. the visual record. chapter 17. the visual record. chapter 17. the critical process. thinking about prehistoric and ancient art - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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powerpoint 6a
the prehistoric & the ancient world
SAYRE CHAPTERS 17
the visual record
chapter 17
prehistoric art (30,000 BCE – 2500 BCE)
characteristics chief artists major works historical context
fertility goddesses; handicrafts; utilitarian
objects, utensils and tools; fetishes; cave murals; megalithic structures
artists remain unnamed during this time period
• Venus of Willendorf • Lascaux cave paintings • Stonehenge • Neolithic pottery • Stone figurines and
fetishes • glyphs: petroglyphs,
geoglyphs, pictograms, and pictographs
As the Ice Age comes to an end, new permanent settlements develop across Europe. The Neolithic Era ushers in early farming practices as religious rituals become mainstay in prehistoric peoples’ everyday lives. The purposes of the artwork created in this time period, still remains obscured though many, but not all, pieces serve utilitarian ends.
the visual record
chapter 17
mesopotamian art (3500 BCE – 538 BCE)
characteristics chief artists major works historical context
stone relief friezes; art glorifying war, kings and warrior-kings; narrative
works; ziggurats and large complexes
artists remain unnamed during this time period
• Stele of Hammurabi • Assurnasirpal II Killing
Lions • Standard of Ur • Gate of Ishtar• marble statues at the
Abu Temple, Tell Asmar• Victory of Naram-Sin
Four major cultures arose during this time period: the Sumerians (3500 BCE – 2300 BCE), the Akkadians (2300 BCE – 2150 BCE), the Assyrians (1400 BCE – 600 BCE) and the Babylonians ( 625 BCE – 538 BCE). Writing systems develop as societies become completely agrarian, gathering in stable civilizations. Important technological feats include: domestication of animals, written laws and libraries, and the use of metal.
the critical process• thinking about prehistoric and ancient art
– it is impossible to group all of prehistoric and ancient art into a single category which accurately describes the purposes and meanings of the art of the time
– Prehistory describes the preliterate cultures spanning from the development of mankind until the ancient periods
– Ancient history encompasses the cultures that existed before the Common Era (BCE)
• Wall Painting with Three Horses Facing One Another, Chauvet France 30,000 BCE (pg. 408 in A World of Art)– Do you think its fair to judge, interpret and analyze artwork from the prehistoric
period? Are we, as modern humans, too far removed from that culture to draw accurate conclusions and assumptions?
– If we compare these early murals found in caves throughout France to modern day murals, what similarities can we find? What differences?
– Do you feel that modern humans have a bias which prevents us from understanding, sympathizing and/or connecting to our most distant ancestors?
supplement
the visual record
chapter 17
egyptian art (3100 BCE – 30 BCE)
characteristics chief artists major works historical context
art focuses on the afterlife; represents kings, queens
and gods; development of pyramids; sculpture of
monumental size
• most artists still remain unnamed
• Imhotep• Bek• Amenhotep
• Stele of Hammurabi • Assurnasirpal II Killing
Lions • Standard of Ur • Gate of Ishtar• marble statues at the
Abu Temple, Tell Asmar• Victory of Naram-Sin
At the same time Mesopotamian cultures were developing in the Tigris-Euphrates River Valley, Ancient Egypt developed along the Nile. Because of the unique geography, Egypt remains one of the most stable civilizations of the ancient world. Much of the culture develops around the concept of death and the soul. Notable leaders include: Narmer, Ramses II, Tutankhamen, and Cleopatra.
the visual record
chapter 17
art from ancient india, china and the americas (2500 BCE –1500 BCE)
characteristics chief artists major works historical context
India: rock-cut caves; temple architectures; focusing on
epics/myths
China: ink drawings; metalwork; lost wax casting
Americas: colossal sculptures; pyramids; jadeite masks and
fetishes; basalt thrones
artists remain unnamed during this time period
• Five-eared ding with dragon pattern
• Ritual disc with Dragon Motif (pi)
• Priest-king from Mohenjo-daro
• Colossal head from La Venta, Mexico
Simultaneously, other river valley societies were developing in India and China, as well as the great civilizations in Mesoamerica. The earliest cities founded in India were Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, headed by priest-kings. The Shang dynasty was flourishing in China, while the Olmecs ruled the southern tip of Mexico to Honduras and El Salvador. Like Mesopotamia and Egypt, these cultures had developed impressive cities, pyramids and structures, and ceremonial centers.
the visual record
chapter 17
agean and hellenistic art (850 BCE –31 BCE)
characteristics chief artists major works historical context
toreador frescoes; kouros figures; Greek canon of
proportion and idealism in art; architectural styles of
Doric, Ionic and Corinthian; imagery of gods, heroes
and athletes
• Lysippus • Polycleitus • Praxiteles• Phidias• Skopas
• Kleibos and Briton • Nike of Samothrace• Apoxyomenos (Scraper)• The Laocoön Group• Doryphoros (Spear
Bearer) • Diskobolos (Discus
Thrower)
Throughout the Greek period, many city-states and subcultures contributed to the overall Greek culture: Mycenaeans, Minoans, Aegeans, Athenians, Spartans, etc. Through this period of history: Athens defeats Persia at Marathon, the Peloponnesian Wars between the Athenian Empire and the League headed by Sparta, and Alexander the Great conquers the “world.” Homer contributes the Iliad and Odyssey as many of the ancient philosophers begin teaching.
the visual record
chapter 17
etruscans to roman art (500 BCE– 476 CE)
characteristics chief artists major works historical context
Roman pragmatism and utilitarian art; many copies
of Greek works; Roman engineering and
architecture; the arch; the vault ; frescoes/murals;
marble statues
Roman writers did not praise their
contemporaries, but rather focused on the greatness
and achievement of famous Greeks
• Sarcophagus dei Sposi• the tomb of the
Lionesses, Tarquinia• Augustus of Primaporta• The Arch of Titus • The Colosseum• Trajan's Column• The Pantheon
The Etruscan culture and Trojan descendants fostered the development of Rome. By the fifth century BCE Rome conquered the “world” and ushered in the eras of the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar conquers modern day France and Britain, and after his assassination Augustus becomes the new Emperor. The Empire begins to falter after the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 CE. Constantine solidifies the fall of the Empire by moving the capital to Byzantium in 323 CE.
the critical process• thinking about symbolism
– early art, created in the prehistoric and ancient periods, relied heavily on the use of symbols
– in many ways the cave paintings of Lascaux, the hieroglyphics and murals painted in Egypt, the friezes created in Mesopotamia and the frescoes done in Greece and Rome all utilize symbolic representation
– Western art progresses from these more “naive” forms of art to more naturalistic and representational (culminating in the Greek sculptures and Polycleitus’ canon)
• similarities and connections – although it is impossible to make large generalizations about the various
cultures and peoples during these eras, some similarities do exist– compare and contrast the art from prehistoric Europe, Mesopotamia,
Egypt, Greece and Rome– Do you see the use of symbolism in these works? How are these symbols
reminiscent of one another? How are they different?supplement