Ｗｌ

Ryoichi HARA

Power to Heat TechnologyDemand-side Contribution to Balancing

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids(Oct. 20-21, 2016)

Motivations for MG (presented at Chilecon 2013)

n Total energy efficiency improvement– introduction of RER driven generation systems– combined heat and power (CHP) supply– shortening the transmission distance

(local production, local supply)n Harmonization between distributed generations

and bulk system– compensation for intermittency of PV, WT

(being a Good Citizen)

n Reliability improvement– enhancement in the autonomy of local system– against huge disaster such as earthquake/tsunami

Panel Session on Microgrids, Chilecon 2013 (Sept. 10th, 2013) 2

Summary of Asian projects (presented at Chilecon 2013)

Panel Session on Microgrids, Chilecon 2013 (Sept. 10th, 2013) 3

Aichi, Hachinohe, Kyotango

Sendai

Shimizu

Miyako-island

Yokohama, Toyota,Keihanna, Kitakyushu

Yamagata

Obihiro

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

balancingstrategy /

remote app.

qualitymanagement

energyefficiency

smart community

Jeju

KERI

K-MEG

Mara, Gapa

KEPRI

KT

Dong’ao

Nanji

Wanshan-island

Tianjin

Yudaokou

Batang

Dongfushan

Old BaragBanner

Tibet

CISRO Energy Centre (A)

King Island (A)

PulauUbin(S)

IES Pilot (S)

in early stage:“for energy efficiency improvement”“local generation/consumption”

today:“diversification” and“cross-functions”

Ambition for renewables in Japann Totally 236.6 - 251.5 TWh (approx. 22-24%) in 2030n Growth of variable/intermittent generations

– would enlarge mismatch of demand and supply– occupy the share of legacy generators with regulation

capability (coal / gas / oil)n New balancing capability is needed !

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 4

Type Production in 2013 in 2030geothermal 2.6 10.2 - 11.3

biomass 17.6 39.4 - 49.0hydro 84.9 93.9 - 98.1

photovoltaic 11.4 74.9wind 5.2 18.2

(in TWh/yr)

Motivations for MGn Total energy efficiency improvement

– introduction of RER driven generation systems– combined heat and power (CHP) supply– shortening the transmission distance

(local production, local supply)n Harmonization between distributed generations

and bulk system– compensation for intermittency of PV, WT

(being a Good Citizen)– contribution to demand/supply balancing in the bulk

system n Reliability improvement

– enhancement in the autonomy of local system– against huge disaster such as earthquake/tsunami

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 5

Contribution of Microgridsn Active control of power-flow at the PCC by means of

– charging / discharging of battery systems– demand control (including EV), and/or,– control of distributed generators

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 6

Microgrid

PPCC

�f

PPCC

Bulk system

Power To Heat (P2H) technology n Apparent energy storage function by combining

cogeneration system (CGS) and heat pump (HP)

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 7

thermaldemand

HP

CGS

grid

thermaldemand

HP

CGS

grid

ü charging mode• HP is mainly used

ü discharging mode• CGS is mainly used

Demonstration site (NEDO project)n In Rakuno-Gakuen University @

Ebetsu-city, having a diary farmn Bio-gas plant is located adjacent

to the livestock barnn Thermal energy is used for

fermentation (gas production)n In operation since April 2016

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 8

fermenter

heat pump units (10kW x 3) gas engine gen (50kW)

System diagram

n Equivalent kWh capacity : 164kWhn Equivalent kW capacities :

30.67kW (discharge) / 49.33kW (charge)

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 9

fermenter gas-holder

CGS

HP

50 [m3]

grid

15.0 [m3/h]

23.2[m3 /h]

heat 70.5[kW]

heat 75.3[kW]30.0[kW]

50.0[kW]

heatstorage

200[kWh]

33.2 [kW]

*** specs in this slide are not based on the actual measurement ***

load

Case Studyn Proposed HP/BG system is tested for

“scheduled generation by WTG + HP/BG”n Assumed WTG capacities: 80kWp / 120kWp

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 10

output schedule

monitored WTG output

HP/CGS total output+ +

+-

Simulation results (for 80kWp)

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 11

0

-40

40

80

40

20

0

kW

kWh

00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 24:00

schedule (red)actual (blue)

WTGCGS

HP

stored gas

Simulation results (for 120kWp)

Niagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 12

0

-40

40

80

40

20

0

kW

kWh

00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 24:00

schedule (red)actual (blue)

WTGCGS

HP

stored gas

Comparison with battery systemn Lower investment cost

– only by adding HP and extra-spaces in gas-holder and heat storage

• bidirectional electricity flow• widen the range of regulation

CGS only : +25kW(50%) ~ +50kW(100%)CGS + HP : -30kW (HP 100%) ~ 50kW (CGS 100%)

• stable thermal supply

n Complicated control and system design– management of two energy storages

(gas holder and heat storage)– handling of ON/OFF control– agreement of thermal demand size and gas

production volume is necessaryNiagara 2016 Symposium on Microgrids (Oct. 20-21, 2016) 13