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Power Project of Power Project of SAN PEDRO DESAN PEDRO DEATACAMAATACAMA

August 1, 2012August 1, 2012Ichiro Ichiro FukueFukue

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

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Natural Resources of Atacama

1. High Sunshine Intensity

2. Low Humidity

3. High Altitude

4. Rock Salt （Salt Dome)

SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA

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A Power Supply Plan by Renewable SourcesA Power Supply Plan by Renewable Sources

1.1. Efficient Use of Sunshine PV or CSPEfficient Use of Sunshine PV or CSP2.2. Energy Storage System for Night DemandEnergy Storage System for Night Demand

Battery/ Thermal Storage/ Compressed AirBattery/ Thermal Storage/ Compressed Air3.3. EconomyEconomy

Should be Competitive to Gas and Diesel OilShould be Competitive to Gas and Diesel Oil4.4. Introduction of the Introduction of the Smart GridSmart Grid Concept Concept

CCommunity ommunity EEnergy nergy MManagement anagement SSystemystemThe Functions of Storage and Ancillary ServicesThe Functions of Storage and Ancillary Services

5.5. Coordination with Coordination with TAOTAO ProjectProject

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The World Solar Intensity MapThe World Solar Intensity MapAtacamaAtacama is located at the highest solar intensity area in the world.is located at the highest solar intensity area in the world.

Atacama

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Solar Intensity of Solar Intensity of AtacamaAtacama and Japanand Japan

AtacamaAtacama’’ss solar intensity is 1.5 to 1.7 times higher than that of Japan.solar intensity is 1.5 to 1.7 times higher than that of Japan.

South America East Asia

Solar Energy (Kwh/m²/Day) as an annual average.

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BTB

BTB

BTBSVC

SVR

Energy Management System in AtacamaEnergy Management System in Atacama

SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA

Control Center

Thermal Power Plant

PV Farm

TAO Project

Li-Ion Battery

CSP Farm

PV’s in Houses

Li-Ion Battery

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0

10

20

30

40

50

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020Ｙｅａｒ

Effic

ienc

y(%

)

Trend of PV Efficiencies

Single crystal SiMulti-crystalline Si

ＣＩＧＳ

ＣｄＴｅ

Thin-Film Si

Organic CellsDye-sensitized Cells

Multi-junction Cells

Ｂｙ ＮＲＥＬ

（concentrator）

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The Trend of PV Cell Price (Crystalline Si Cell）

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

9 10 11 12

Year

Modu

le P

rice/

Poly

cry

stal

line S

i P

rice ＰＶModule Price ($/W)

Polycrystalline Si Price （1/100$／Kg)

Polycrystalline Si SoptPrice (1/100$/Kg)

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Cost of Energy Storage and Ancillary Services

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50

Load Factor（％）

Yen／

Ｋw

h

Pump Storage

Li-Ion Battery

NaS Battery

Gas Turbine/Gas Engine

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Cost of PV System (Installed)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Solar

Far

m

Resid

encia

lU.

S.A.

（ＤＯ

Ｅ）

Ｓｕｎ

Ｓｈｏ

ｔ

Cost

（10000ye

n／

ＫＷ

） Installation（BOS)

Structure

Power Condisioner

PV Module

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Electricity Cost by PVElectricity Cost by PV

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0

Installation Cost $/Kw

$C

ent/

Kw

h

JAPANATACAMA

3000 6000

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Features of CSP’s

2.5～10KWStaring Eng.２０８００○－－－－Dish

～１０MWGas Turbine≧３０８５０－○－－－

～５０MW２４５６０－－○○○Tower

１５２８５－－－－○Fresnel

２０＋α５００－－○○－

１０～２００MW

SteamTurbine

２０４００－－○―○Trough

N2AirwaterMoltenSalt

Oil

POWER RANGE（MW）

Type ofEngine

TotalEfficiency（％）

WorkingTemperature（℃）

Working Fluid Type ofCollector

Trough Fresnel Dish (Staring Engine)

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Tower Type CSP (Steam Turbine) PS-10/ PS-20

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280℃

２８０℃５６５℃Ｈｏｔ Ｓａｌｔ

Ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ Ｔａｎｋ

Ｓｔｅａｍ Ｔｕｒｂｉｎｅ ａｎｄ

Ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒ

Ｃｏｌｄ Ｓａｌｔ

Ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ Ｔａｎｋ

Ｓｔｅａｍ Ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒ

Cooling Tower

Thermal Storage System by Molten Salt

NaNo3＋KN

O3

NaNO3＋KNO3NaSO3,KNO3

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Storage and Ancillary ServicesStorage and Ancillary Services

0 6 12 18 24

Engine

PV Farm

Engine

Li-Ion Battery

Li-Ion Battery

Demand

Hour

Installation capacity of PV, Battery and Engine have to be designed to minimize the cost.

Ａ

Ｂ

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Investments on the Power System RestorationInvestments on the Power System Restoration

•• Solar PVSolar PV$4800/Kw$4800/Kw→→$1000/Kw $1000/Kw

•• Battery SystemBattery System$800/KwH$800/KwH→→$250/Kwh$250/Kwh

•• CSP with Thermal StorageCSP with Thermal Storage$4000/Kw$4000/Kw→→$2000/Kw$2000/Kw

•• Diesel (Gas) EngineDiesel (Gas) Engine~$1000/Kw ~$1000/Kw

Total Demand=20MW

PV=10MW *$3000/Kw= $30Mil.

Battery=2Hr * 10MW * $500/Kwh=

$10Mil.

CSP=10MW * $4000/Kw= $40Mil.

Diesel (Gas) Engine =

10MW * $1000/Kw=$10Mil.

Grid Installation/Sub Station = --------

Total Investment = $90Mil.

Need to be 1/2 to 1/3

(CEMS)

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Ｍｏｒｔｏｒ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｏｒ Ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ Ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ Ｔｕｒｂｉｎｅ Ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒ

Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Ｐｏｗｅｒ

Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ Ａｉｒ＝5~7Ｍｐ

Ｃａｖｅｒｎ

Ｓａｌｔ Ｄｏｍｅ

Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ Ａｉｒ Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ Ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ

Ｂｙ Ｓｏｌａｒ

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ConclusionsConclusions•• High possibilities of Solar Power System in Atacama.High possibilities of Solar Power System in Atacama.•• Need to select the cheapest Solar Power system.Need to select the cheapest Solar Power system.

Types of PVTypes of PV’’s, PV or CSPs, PV or CSP•• Good opportunity for PV installation. Good opportunity for PV installation.

The world trend of PV price down; The world trend of PV price down; Currently $1/W for module Currently $1/W for module →→ $1/W for system by 2020. $1/W for system by 2020.

(=$1000/Kw; (=$1000/Kw; SunshotSunshot Initiative by USA) Initiative by USA) •• The total management including energy storage and ancillary The total management including energy storage and ancillary

services is the key. services is the key. →→ Concept of Concept of CCommunity ommunity EEnergy nergy MManagement anagement SSystemystem

•• Thermal and Compressed Air Storage are to be studied.Thermal and Compressed Air Storage are to be studied.