SRI SUKHMANI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DERA

BASSI

A Project report

On

“NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY”

(Power Generation by Speed Breaker)

Submitted By: Submitted to:

Abhishek Sharma (1153686) Prof. Mukesh VermaAhraz Ahmed (1153689) (Head of Department)Ahwani kumar mishra (1153704) Mechanical EngineeringJaswant Singh Sandhu (1153738)

Session 2011 – 2015

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Acknowledgement

“Outstanding achievement is not possible in vacuum. It needs a lot of help & assistance beside a healthy environment”.

We express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to SRI SUKHMANI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, Dera bassi that has provide us an opportunity to fulfill the most cherished desire of reaching our goal.

We are highly obliged to and express our gratitude and special thanks to PROF. Swinder Singh and PROF. K. S. Dhillon the project mentors, for their encouragement, feedback, support and suggestion. With their blessings & guidance we shall stand here today.

We are very grateful to Prof. Mukesh Verma (Head of department of Mechanical Engineering) for giving us

the opportunity to carry out our project research and activity in their esteemed organization.

CONTENT

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature review 3

3. Proposed system 4

4. Diagram of the proposed system 5

5. Proposed power calculations 7

6. Equipment required 8

7. Electric Dynamo 9

8. Applications 10

9. Scope and uses 11

10. Advantages 12

11. Bibliography 13

MINOR PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

In the present day scenario power has become the major need for human life. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy. The day-to-day increasing population and decreasing conventional sources for power generation, provides a need to think on non-conventional energy resources. In this era of modern technology energy demands have increased but the supply of energy is less. Energy is either generated through hydel or thermal conventions most probably as in fossil fuels. A new power source has also been found which is known as Nuclear power. This power source looks promising but is very expensive and requires a lot of maintenance. Developing countries are using Fossil or thermal sources to generate energy as the nuclear energy is very costly and fuels are rare and are difficult to approach sometimes due to capital investments or due to personal matters of the state. This increasing use of fossil energy by these developing countries is causing a lot of distress in the environment and also reducing the fossil reserves very spontaneously. Developed countries are seen to be researching on new conventional sources of energy to replace the need of fossil fuels as the fossil reserves are decreasing day by day and does not includes itself in the list of sustainable development methods. Thus leaving the developing countries behind by a great margin of development. This feeling of anxiety for development between the developing countries and the developed countries is causing troubles, sometimes in case of some accidental decisions and sometimes in the form of unethical use of power.

If most of the problems in the world are solved by fulfilling this need of clean and sustainable energy, why not bring forward some steps or join hands for developing new methods of conventional power generation to meet the needs of these developing as well as developed countries for the better of the human kind and also for our mother earth. As the modern era of technology is developing day by day. The modes of travelling has also changed from pedestrians to horses and from carts to modern motor vehicles most commonly known as automotive vehicles, which does not require any external force to move. The use of these machines has increased far more than it used to be before. Daily millions of people worldwide travel in these machines they travel millions of miles and cross millions of bumps

every day. What if these bumps are used to generate electricity ?. Whenever a vehicle moves over a bump it generated potential energy due to height. This potential energy is wasted when the vehicle move past the bump. If there are enough bumps and enough vehicles moving on them. It can surely compensate the need for energy to an extent.

Here in this paper we are looking forward to conserve the kinetic energy that gone wasted, while vehicles move. The number of vehicles passing over speed breaker on road is increasing day by day. Beneath speed breaker, setting up an electro-mechanical unit known to be power hump, could help us conserving this energy and use it for power generation. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in series. This generated power can be stored, by using different electrical devices. We can supply this energy to street lights, traffic lights, and nearby areas, and thus helps in country`s economy. We could make it more efficient, by also having solar panels that provides for power needs while the vehicles were not moving.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The energy crisis is any great bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. The studies to sort out the energy crisis led to the idea of generating power using speed breaker. As there is a lot of opportunity in this kind of research. Every country has its own traffic on the roads and to control the speed of the vehicles moving on the road or vehicles about to take a turn speed breakers are required. Moreover, these days malls, schools, colleges and parking lots often use speed breaker and these are the places where high requirement of electricity is often observed. This kind of technology can save the organizations bills to an extent which is further seen to be as profit, as every organization either private or governmental sees to generate profits. Why not start from electricity first. Implementations like this can make a place known as technologically advanced. Firstly, South African electrical crisis has made them implemented this method to light up small villages of the highway. The idea is basic physics, to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy that gone wasted when the vehicle runs over speed-breaker and this energy can either be stored or utilized to power street lights or traffic lights making sure the constancy of the power. Since then, a lot has been done in this field. The idea has caught the eye of IIT-Guwahati, which funded the pilot project related to generate electricity from speed-breakers. They evaluated the machine and recommended to the Assam government. It is not clear if the government is further interested in project but if these technologies continue to evolve the government or public sectors will have to step up and work on these technologies. But the work done has provided the need to think on this alternative to generate electricity on a large scale, as it proves to be a boon in the economy of a country.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

When a vehicle moves over an inclination it generates potential energy within itself. This energy gets wasted in a normal speed breaker as the potential energy gets transformed into some kind of strain energy of the vehicles tyres and then transformed further. While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called Power Hump. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. The whole of this mechanism can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called Hump. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the power generation and its storage. Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards, then the springs that are attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the pinion is connected to the dynamo which houses a gear on it, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears. A flywheel can be mounted beside the gear whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to make the energy uniform. So the rpm is constant. This shaft consisting the flywheel is connected to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The conversion will be proportional to the traffic density. Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an E.M.F (electro motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing this E.M.F. armature coil has to rotate, and for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft. For this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generated in both the directions; so to convert this power into one direction, a special component is used, called a rectifier which converts both clockwise and counter-clockwise movements generating positive and negative current to positive current regardless of the input. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical device.

A SPEED BREAKER. Producing electricity from a speed breaker is a new concept that is undergoing research. A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98KW power. by placing one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day.

If the model is implemented on busy highways or roads in the state capital, it can generate electricity that can lit five lamps of 40W. "This method of generating electricity is most reliable and cheaper than non-conventional renewable methods of electricity generation such as wind and solar energies

PROPOSED POWER CALCULATIONS

The mass of any vehicle travelling over the speed breaker= 1000Kg (Approximately)

Height of speed brake = 10 cm

Work done = Weight of the body x Distance travelled by the vehicle

Weight of the Body = 1000 Kg x 9.81 = 9810 N

Distance traveled by the body = Height of the speed breaker = 10cm

Power = Work done/Second = (9810x 0.10)/60 = 16.35 Watts

Output Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed:

Breaker arrangement for one minute = 16.35 watts

Power developed for 60 minutes (1 hr) = 981 watts

Power developed for 24 hours = 23.54 KW

This power generated by vehicles is more than sufficient to run five street lights in the night time

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

A. RACK AND PINION GEARS: The rack and pinion used to convert between rotary and translatory motion. The rack is the flat toothed part, while the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can convert rotary to linear of from linear to rotary motion.

B. SPUR GEAR: It is a positive power transmission device with definite velocity ratio. It is preferred for adjusting some linear misalignment and multiplication of power. It should have high wear and tear, shock-absorbing capacity.

C. FLY WHEEL (optional): The primary function of flywheel is to act as an energy accumulator. It reduces the fluctuations in speed. It absorbs the energy when demand is less and releases the same when it is required.

D. SHAFTS: It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high torsional rigidity and lateral rigidity.

E. SPRINGS: It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls energy either due to shocks or due to vibrations.

F. BALL BEARINGS: A roller-element bearing is a bearing which carries a load by placing round elements between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes the round elements to roll(tumble) with little sliding. They reduce the friction and transmit the motion effectively

G. ELECTRIC DYNAMO: It is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through “faraday’s” law of electromagnetic induction”. A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure, called stator, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating winding called the armature which turns within that field.

Electric Dynamo:Present-day dynamos work on the principles described by English physicist Michael Faraday in 1830, that an electromotive force is developed in a conductor when it is moved in a magnetic field. The dynamo that powers the lights on a bicycle is an example of an alternator, that is, it produces alternating current

In simplest terms, a dynamo is essentially an electric motor run in reverse. The electric motor uses magnets spinning in a metal coil to spin an axle. Conversely, spinning the axle causes the magnets to rotate in the coil and generates an electric current moving away from the motor. In physics, a simple generator or machine for transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy. A dynamo in basic form consists of a powerful field magnet between the poles of which a suitable conductor, usually in the form of a coil (armature), is rotated. The magnetic lines of force are cut by the rotating wire coil, which induces a current to flow through the wire. The mechanical energy of rotation is thus converted into an electric current in the armature.

APPLICATIONS

Power generation using foot step can be used in most of the places such as

1. Colleges,

2. Schools,

3. Cinema theatres,

4. Shopping complex

5. Railway stations

6. Airports

7. Bus stand

SCOPE AND USES

1. Low Budget electricity.

2. Production Less floor area.

3. No obstruction to traffic.

4. Easy maintenance.

5. Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc.

6. No need of labors

7. It is an easy way for power production.

8. Non –Conventional Energy Source.

9. Very new and innovative concept.

10. This Makes Use of WASTED OF ENERGY to generate electrical energy.

11. Electricity Generated from the movement of traffic can be stored.

ADVANTAGES

Below is the list of advantages due to the usage of the technique mentioned.

Pollution free power generation.

Simple construction, mature technology and easy maintenance.

No consumption of any fossil fuel which is non-renewable source of energy.

No fuel transportation required.

No external source is needed for power generation.

Energy available all year round.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Following are the websites that we referred to during researching and making this project.

1. www.wikipedia.com 2. www.google.com 3. www.greenpowergeneration.org 4. www.permanentmotors.com 5. www.hobbyking.com 6. www.Jascorp.org