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POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG FORGASNINGSGAS I FREMTIDENS ENERGIMIX - RESULTATER FRA SYSTEMPERSPEKTIV 2035 ANALYSE Gastekniske dage – 2018-05-09 2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 1 Anders Bavnhøj Hansen, [email protected] Forretnings-støtte og udvikling

POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

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Page 1: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG FORGASNINGSGAS I FREMTIDENS ENERGIMIX - RESULTATER FRA SYSTEMPERSPEKTIV 2035 ANALYSE

Gastekniske dage – 2018-05-09

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 1

Anders Bavnhøj Hansen, [email protected] Forretnings-støtte og udvikling

Page 2: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

OPBYGNING

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 2

1. del: Internationale scenarierammer

2. del: Systemperspektiver for Danmark

4. del: Forskning, udvikling og innovation (F&I) for at realisere potentialer

3. del: Samspil mellem centrale og distribuerede løsninger

Page 3: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

EU’S KLIMA-VISION KRÆVER MARKANT OMSTILLING

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 3

Reduktions-sti – klimagasser i EU

• Reduktionsmål 80-95%, men ikke energirelaterede udledninger udgør i dag ca. 24%

• Det kan være nødvendigt at hele Energisektoren i EU er CO2-neutral i 2050.

Page 4: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

BIO RESSOURCER I SCENARIER

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 4

IEA ETP 2060 har 145 EJ biomasse (Ca 15 GJ/capita) Carbon capture har en central rolle

DK scenarier i Sys35 180 PJ for DK Ca 30 GJ/capita i 2050

Europæisk potentiale for bio til gas Ca. 10-15 GJ/capita til VE-gas Bio-ressource kan dække ca. 20% af Europa gas-behov i 2040 !

Kulstof til VE-brændstoffer er en udfordring hvis dekarbonisering skal realiseres jf. paris aftale

Langsigtet behov for ”low carbon” brændstoffer (methan/Hydrogen) og CCU-teknik

Page 5: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

3 EUROPEAN ENERGY SCENARIOS

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 6

Green Methanol today

Methanol today

Content of the 3 European TYNDP 2018-scenarios GCA-scenario (Global Climate Action) • "On track" with EU climate targets • Strong international, green cooperation and regulation • Moderate oil price – very high CO2-price (IEA 450 PPM) • 50 pct. electricity from wind and sun in Europe in 2040 DG-scenario (Distributed Generation) • "On track" with EU climate targets • Wide spread local distributed solutions (solar/batteries) • High oil price (IEA New Policy) – high CO2-price • 50 pct. electricity from wind and sun in Europe in 2040

ST-scenario (Sustainable Transition) • "Almost on track" with EU climate targets • Low oil and natural gas prices • Moderate CO2-price(IEA Low Oil price scenario)

Page 6: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

MEGET MERE VIND OG SOL I ALLE SCENARIER

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 7

12% 15% 17% 17% 19% 22%3%6%

8% 7%10%

13%

4%

8%10%

19% 14%

18%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2020* ST30 ST35 DG35 GCA35 GCA40

Sol (PV)

Havvind

Landvind

Vind og sol. Andel af elforbrug (Europa)

15% 20% 21% 20% 21% 22%

8%

19%24% 22%

26%32%

6%

10%11% 17%

15%

19%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

2020* ST30 ST35 DG35 GCA35 GCA40

Sol (PV)

Havvind

Landvind

Vind og sol. Andel af elforbrug (DE, UK, NL, DK)

* Forventninger for 2020 er fra Energinets Analyseforudsætninger 2017

DK i 2020 DK i 2020

EU Nordsø-region

Page 7: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE VALUE OF WIND/SOLAR

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 9

0

500

1.000

1.500

1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001

DKK/MWh DK1 duration curves ST 2030 og GCA 2040

GCA Reference ST2030

• Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified

• Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

ST2030 GCA2040 100 Euro/MWh

Page 8: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

VIRKEMIDLER TIL INTEGRATION AF +50 PCT. VIND/SOL

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 10

El-integration over afstand: Netudbygning

1. El-integration med nordisk vandkraft

2. El-integration mellem Nordvest- og Østeuropa

El-integration over tid: El-til-el-lagre

3. Ellagre (fx batterilagre, trykluftlagre og pumpekraft)

4. El til varme og termiske lagre

5. El til transport

6. El til højværdi produkter (elektrolyse/PtG/PtX)

Konvertering af el til andre formål – Elektrificering

El-integration – El som slutforbrug

PtH

PtX

Page 9: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE VALUE OF WIND/SOLAR

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 11

0

500

1.000

1.500

1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001

DKK/MWh DK1 duration curves ST 2030 og GCA 2040

Batteri lager x 10 GCA Reference ST2030

• Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified

• Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

ST2030 GCA2040 100 Euro/MWh

Page 10: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE VALUE OF WIND/SOLAR

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 12

0

500

1.000

1.500

1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001

DKK/MWh DK1 duration curves ST 2030 og GCA 2040

Interconnectorer x 2 Batteri lager x 10 GCA Reference ST2030

• Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified

• Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

ST2030 GCA2040 100 Euro/MWh

Page 11: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE VALUE OF WIND/SOLAR

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 13

0

500

1.000

1.500

1 1001 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001

DKK/MWh DK1 duration curves ST 2030 og GCA 2040

Interconnectorer x 2 P2G 50 Euro/MWh afbrudBatteri lager x 10 GCA ReferenceST2030

• Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified

• Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

ST2030 GCA2040 100 Euro/MWh

Page 12: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SECTOR COUPLING TO GET ACCESS TO LOW COST STORAGE CAPACITY

14

Power system

Gas System Gas Storage (NG/SNG)

District Heating System Heat storage

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035

0100200300400500600700

Invest.omk. energidel

(DKK/kWh)

Investment cost energy storage part (excl input/output units) Battery

Gas Storage

(H2)

• Battery storage is essential for hourly balancing – but too expensive for large scale storage

• Sector coupling to gas and heat can deliver more cost effective large scale storage

• Essential to analyse cost effective sector couplings!

“For all the growth in battery installations that BNEF is forecasting, the total volume of grid-connected batteries by 2030 will be sufficient to meet the world’s power needs for just 7,5 minutes” Michael Liebreich, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, March, 2018

Sector coupling

Page 13: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

POWER-TO-GAS I ET INTERNATIONALT PERSPEKTIV

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 15

Vind og sol i Nordsø-regionen presser priserne i hele regionen P80-middelpriser i Europa – GCA35

DKK2017/MWh

0

50

100

150

200

El

D&V

CAPEX

Varmeværdi

Total omk.

DKK2017/GJ

Danmark ligger stærkt ift. elpriser til PtG, men Danmark, Holland og Tyskland ligger tæt

Page 14: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SEKTORKOBLING MED INTERNATIONALT PERSPEKTIV

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 16

Infrastruktur til Danmark som Energihub – Samspil el-gas-varme

DK har nogle styrkepositioner for at integrere Nordsø VE-potentialer i et el,gas,varme system

Fjernvarme Indtægt ved

varmesalg (FV)

EL Konkurrencedygtige priser

Høj forsyningssikkerhed Høj VE-andel i elsystem (til VE PtX produkter)

Bio/Kulstof Styrkepositioner omkring

biomasse/biogas håndtering (kulstof)

Gas Gas-net og kaverne-

lager faciliteter for VE-gas (H2, Syngas, Methan)

Danske Styrkepositioner for PtG/PtX

Page 15: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

EKSEMPLER PÅ PTG/PTX VEJE

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035

17

Forædling af PtG til PtX produkter kræver typisk adgang til kulstof

Page 16: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM INTEGRATION

Type 0: Local Prosumer Building with PV, Battery, EV, (heat pump)

Type 1: Decentralised DH-plant

Heat pump + Gas-CHP + Gas-boiler (peak) + heat storage

Type 2 : Decentralised energy plant (biogas with PtG/PtX)

Biogas + Gas-CHP + PtG (electrolysis) + Heat pump + Fuel catalysis (SNG/MeOH) + storage facilities

Type 3: Large central plant with PtG/PtX

Thermal gasification + PtG + Fuel catalysis (PtX)+ Heat pump + storage

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 18

Biogas potential pr. community

District heating demand

Page 17: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SYSTEM MODELLERING (REDUCED)

2018-05-09 erspektiv 2035 19

Energy plants simulated in grid areas

Central Energy Plant Industry/service Local Prosumer

Distributed biogas based Energy Plant Distributed DH-plant

Page 18: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

SIMULATION OF SYSTEM

20

Power transmission (>100 kV)

Water Shift

Power-to-gas

RE-fuel katalysis

High temp.

Bio-2-gas (thermal)

H2

Wood chips

(NH3 etc.)

Wood waste

Slurry

Bio-waste

Straw etc.

Gas net with NG/SNG (evt. NatHy)

Biogas enhed Anaerob

Gas motor

Power-to-gas

MeOH katalyse

Large energy plant (3 )

C-N-P-K

Decentralised energy plant(2)

Biogas

O2

O2

Solar (PV) Large scale

Industry/service prosumer Lille prosumer bolig el. service

Solar (PV) Solar (PV) EV

Heat pump Battery Heatpump Gas-

boiler ETES

LNG

LNG

LNG plant

Windpower onshore

Gas/Power-to-Liquid

Heat

Decentralised district heating plant (1)

Heat-pump

Gas CHP

Gas boiler

Windpower offshore

H2

SNG katalyse

H2

Syngas

Syngas

D,NL,UK, N,S

D, S, N, PL

H2

Gas storage

Gas turbine + Gas boiler

Steam turbine

District/block heating Heat Storage

Heat

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035

G2L Varme-lager

Varmelager

Varme

Bat-tery

Page 19: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

CASE SIMULATION OPTIMIZED PLANT GCA

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 21

Water Shift

Power-to-gas

RE-fuel katalysis

Højtemp.

Bio-2-gas (thermal)

H2

Wood chips

Large Energyplant (3 )

O2

O2

Solar (PV) Large Scale

Windpower onshore

Windpower offshore

H2

Syngas

Syngas

H2 storage

Gas turbine + Gas boiler

Steam-turbine

Power System

Gas grid (NG/SNG)

Gas storage

District- and block heat Heat Storage

RE-fuel market

-1600

0

1600

3200

4800

6400

8000

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

27/4 28/4 29/4 30/4 1/5 2/5 3/5 4/5

Price (EUR/MWh)

Power (MW)

Simulated operation of plant

150 MW solar park (PV) 850 MW offshore wind farm140/140 MW energy plant (type 3) DK1 electricity price (EUR/MWh)

Price

Power

Page 20: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

GCA 2050 – SIMULATED ANNUAL ENERGY FLOW

Systemperspektiv 2035

22

District heating and block heating Wind- Power

Natural Gas

Fossil Oil

Coal

Power System

Liquid fuels fossil/RE (Gasoline, Diesel, Methanol, DME, etc.)

Thermal gasification

Anaerob Gasification

Export electricity

El-proces light, it, cool

Proces Heat

Building heating

Road Transport

Railway Transport

Maritime

Aviation

Gas Storage

Varmep.

Kedel

EV/PHEV

FM/FC

Fuel Storage

Import electricity

Gas-systems (methan/syntesisgas/H2)

Power-to- Gas

Large Heat Pumps

Gas CHP

Solar (PV)

HT-VP.

Bio, waste etc.

Bio CHP/Boiler

Gas- katalysis etc.

Methanisation

0

10

20

30

40

50

ST uE 2035 DG 2035 GCA 2035 ST 2050 DG 2050 GCA 2050

Gas

pro

dukt

ion

(TW

h)

Gas-produktion fra biomasse og ved PtG

Forgasning, biogas Elektrolyse, met. Forgasning Elektrolyse, biof.

Page 21: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

GAS-PRODUKTION OG -FORBRUG I ANALYSEREDE FORLØB

Systemperspektiv 2035

23

020406080

100120

2020 AF 2035 STexcl.

PtG/PtX

2035 ST 2035 DG 2035GCA

2050 ST 2050 DG 2050GCA

Gas (PJ) Gasforbrug og VE-gas produktion i simuleringer

KV Proces Indiv. Opv. Transport Biogas og bioSNG prod

Overordnet gas-infastruktur og produktion af biogas opgjort pr. kommune.

2018-05-09

Page 22: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

OPSUMMERING – SYSTEMPERSPEKTIV 2035 • Nordsøen har store VE ressourcer som er centrale for at realisere EU’s vision på energiområdet • Virkemidler til at håndtere Nordsø-integrationen: Et stærkt elnet, korttidslagre i batterier, sektor-

kobling til at få fleksibilitet og integreret VE i andre sektorer • En udfordring at skaffe kulstof til VE-brændstoffer på det længere sigte

– langsigtet behov for at supplere med Power-to-gas og CCU (carbon capture and use) • Danmark har nogle særlige styrkepositioner ift. sektorkobling med Power-to-gas

• Konkurrencedygtige elpriser, høj VE-andel i el og høj forsyningssikkerhed

• Et effektivt gas-system med adgang til lagre

• Et fjernvarme-system der kan udnytte værdi af overskudsvarme ved energikonvertering

• Gas-systemet centralt i at omstille til ”low-carbon” energisystem der realiserer langsigtede mål. • Hvis gylle, halm og bionedbrydeligt affald føres til biogas + methanisering af CO2 kan der på lang

sigt blive et ”overskud” af VE-gas ift. det danske forbrug. • Konvertering af gas GtL (Gas-to-liquid) kan være en løsning på det lange sigte

eller alternativt export af VE-gas og import af flydende VE-brændstoffer

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 25

Page 23: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

Tak for opmærksomheden

Page 24: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

EUROPA – BIO-POTENTIALE TIL SNG MV.

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 27

Kilde: Gas for climate, Ecofys feb 2018

Bio-SNG: 1080 TWh

Page 25: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

GAS FORBRUG OG FORSYNING I SCENARIER

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 28

I 2040 er gasbehov fortsat stort og import nødvendig fra Rusland nødvendigt CO2 fra gas udgør ca. 700 mio ton i GCA 2040.

Potentiale for PtG produktion

Gasforbrug i scenarier Gas produktionspotentiale i scenarier

Page 26: POTENTIALE FOR BRINT OG … • Power price more fluctuating and especially in GCA low power prices identified • Solutions with sector-coupling, ICL and battery storage analysed

Paris climate agreement 80-95% CO2 reduction in 2050 Needed in Europe in 2050 150 GW North Sea Wind Regional cooperation is essential Barriers: • Subsidy schemes • Focus on national sustainability goals

North Sea Wind Power Hub

2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 31

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2018-05-09 Systemperspektiv 2035 32