potential head utiliza project

7/29/2019 potential head utiliza project

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Domestic potential

head utilizerINTRODUCTION

Our group has selected the Domestic potential head utilizerproject in

order to utilize knowledge and experience obtained from different power

engineering classes. The most difficult part of the project will be synchronizing

the speed at which we can spin the turbine with the optimal speed of the

motor/generator. We may need to boost the signal from the motor in order to

obtain our goals. This project will be exciting because it will allow us to design

and build a small hydro-generation system. This system will give insight into

the complex task of finding a reliable energy source for future use.

How Hydropower Works?

Hydropower converts the energy in flowing water into electricity. The volume

of water flow determines the quantity of electricity generated and the amount of

"head" (the height from turbines in the power plant to the water surface) created

by the dam. The greater the flow and head, the more electricity produced.

A typical hydropower plant includes a dam, reservoir, penstocks (pipes), a

powerhouse and an electrical power substation. The dam stores water andcreates the head; penstocks carry water from the reservoir to turbines inside the

powerhouse; the water rotates the turbines, which drive generators that produce

electricity. The electricity is then transmitted to a substation where transformers

increase voltage to allow transmission to homes, businesses and factories.


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Types of Hydropower Plants

Conventional: Most hydropower plants are conventional in design, meaning

they use one-way water flow to generate electricity. There are two categories of

conventional plants, run-of-river and storage plants.

Run-of-river plants: These plants use little, if any, stored water to provide

water flow through the turbines. Although some plants store a day or week's

worth of water, weather changes, especially seasonal changes, cause run-of-

river plants to experience significant fluctuations in power output.

Storage plants: These plants have enough storage capacity to off-set seasonal

fluctuations in water flow and provide a constant supply of electricity

throughout the year. Large dams can store several years worth of water.

Pumped Storage: In contrast to conventional hydropower plants, pumped

storage plants reuse water. After water initially produces electricity, it flows

from the turbines into a lower reservoir located below the dam. During off-peak

hours (periods of low energy demand), some of the water is pumped into an

upper reservoir and reused during periods of peak-demand.


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Building Hydropower Plants:-

Most hydropower plants are built through federal or local agencies as part of a

multi-purpose project. In addition to generating electricity, dams and reservoirs

provide flood control, water supply, irrigation, transportation, recreation and

refuges for fish and birds. Private utilities also build hydropower plants,

although not as many as government agencies.

Product Features of the Hydroelectric Generator using Syphon

Easy hook up of faucet to hose. Draining of water will be provided. Self-contained water compartment for safe household use. 2 outlets allowing multiple devices to be powered. 120 V at 60 Hz output. 100 W maximum loads.

Various components used in project:

An intake collects the water and a pipeline delivers it to the turbine, The

turbine converts the water's energy into mechanical shaft power. The turbine

drives the generator which converts shaft power into electricity. In an AC

system, this power goes directly to the loads. In a battery-based system, the

power is stored in batteries, which feed the loads as needed. Controllers may

be required to regulate the system.

Water: Water is the driving force for the turbine. It will be obtained through a

standard household faucet and transported to the turbine via a hose. The

kinetic energy and potential energy from the water will be transformed into

rotational energy by the turbine.


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Turbine: The turbine will be a metallic wheel with fins based on the Pelton

Wheel design. It will be enclosed in a box and attached to the motor shaft

through the center bore of the turbine. The water will run through a nozzle

and spray against the turbine to cause the turbine to rotate and thus drive the

motor shaft.

Motor/Generator/Dynamo: A permanent magnet DC motor will be used as a

generator. The turbine will turn the shaft of the motor and alternating fields

experienced by the rotor will induce a current in the rotor windings thus

transforming rotational energy into electrical energy. The leads of the motor

will be connected to a DC-DC converter.

Pipeline:Most hydro systems require a pipeline to feed water to the turbine.The exception is a propeller machine with an open intake. The water should

pass first through a simple filter to block debris that may clog or damage the

machine. The intake should be placed off to the side of the main water flow to

protect it from the direct force of the water and debris during high flows. It is

important to use a pipeline of sufficiently large diameter to minimize friction

losses from the moving water. When possible, the pipeline should be buried.This stabilizes the pipe and prevents critters from chewing it. Pipelines are

usually made from PVC or polyethylene although metal or concrete pipes can

also be used.

Storage Tank:-

DC-DC Converter: The input of the DC-DC converter will come from the leads

of the motor. The voltage of the motor output will vary with the speed of the

motor and the speed of the motor will vary with the pressure of the water.

Thus, the DC-DC converter will serve to stabilize the voltage in order to

generate a constant input voltage for the DC-AC stage of conversion.


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DC-AC Inverter: The DC-AC inverter will take a constant DC voltage as input

from the DC-DC converter and generate 120 volts at 60 hertz for the output.

Since most household electrical goods require 120 volt 60 hertz input, thesame value would be the most logical choice for the output of the inverter.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of the Hydroelectric Generator

Non-polluting generation for operation in enclosed areas. Readily available supply of fuel (water). Provides an alternative to gasoline-powered generators. Save money by using water instead of gasoline. No flammable components. Emergency backup power supply.

Disadvantages of the Hydroelectric Generator

Not a completely reliable source of electricity. Completely depends upon water supply. As water is used, there is danger of corrosion in the long run.

Benefits:

Hydropower is a clean, domestic and renewable source of energy. Hydropower

plants provide inexpensive electricity and produce no pollution. And, unlike

other energy sources such as fossil fuels, water is not destroyed during the

production of electricityit can be reused for other purposes.


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Obstacles:

Hydropower plants can significantly impact the surrounding areareservoirs

can cover towns, scenic locations and farmland, as well as affect fish and

wildlife habitat. To mitigate impact on migration patterns and wildlife habitats,dams maintain a steady stream flow and can be designed or retrofitted with fish

ladders and fish ways to help fish migrate upstream to spawn.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

TANK

TURBINE

MOTOR

DYNAMOO


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Actually working block diagram


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Turbine unit


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INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF TURBINE:-


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Documents

potential head utiliza project