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6/26/2017 1 Potato Leafhopper Management Lily Calderwood, Ph.D. Cornell Cooperative Extension Capital Area Agriculture & Horticulture Program [email protected] Potato leafhopper (PLH) Empoasca fabae Hopperburn Nymphs Adult + nymph

Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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Page 1: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

6/26/2017

1

Potato Leafhopper Management

Lily Calderwood, Ph.D.Cornell Cooperative ExtensionCapital Area Agriculture & Horticulture [email protected]

Potato leafhopper (PLH)Empoasca fabae

HopperburnNymphs

Adult + nymph

Page 2: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

6/26/2017

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Potato Leafhopper Life History

• Economically damaging pest of alfalfa, potato, soybean, raspberry, maple 

• Feeds on >200 broad leaf plants

• Prefers to feed on new growth

• Piercing‐sucking mouthparts  phloem feeders

• Documented as a pest on hops in 1800s (Magie 1942)

• 2‐3 generations/season

• Has killed first year hop plants in Northeast

• Yearly population variation

Yearly Population Variation

Overwinter

Spring Migration

Alburgh, VT

• 2012: Late June peak

• 2013: June‐July steady

• 2014: Low pop, late arrival

• 2015: Late June peak

• 2016: High pop, late June peak

Calderwood et al. 2015

Page 3: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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1st Instar Nymphs

Second Generation6/23/17

Severe Hopperburn

No Hopperburn

Page 4: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

6/26/2017

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Hopperburn

Visual damage doesn’t show up until ~ 5 days after feeding occurs.

Control Option

• Spray pyrethroid insecticide 

– Significantly reduce PLH population

– Risk two‐spotted spider mite outbreak

• As of 2017, there is no PLH Economic Threshold.

• Current recommendation to shake plants. If PLH adults fly out, you need to spray. 

Page 5: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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Yes, you can try releasing biocontrols… 

Lady bugs can fly away. 

‐Squirt them with water‐Keep in fridge‐Release in the evening

Research into Alternatives

1. Trap Cropping 

2. Plant Defense 

(physical and chemical)

Page 6: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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Management in Other Crops2. Plant defense. Resistant alfalfa varieties have very hairy leaves. 

1. Intercropped soybean with w. wheat.PLH is not attracted to these fields.

Resistant alfalfa

Susceptible alfalfa

Miklasiewicz and Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin 1997 

In years with high PLH population and well established clover stand PLH preferred red clover over hops.

> >

Clover stand(10 x 30 ft)

Hop plants Diverse mix (Polyculture)

Calderwood et al. 2017

1. Trap CroppingFlowering Ground Cover Study 

Page 7: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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Mono vs. Polyculture Alfalfa

Lamp et al. 1984, Oloumi‐Sadeghi et al. 1987, Lamp 1991, and Straub et al. 2013

Preferred by PLH

Alfalfa Monoculture Alfalfa Polyculture

Trap Crop Management  

• How big does a legume stand need to be?

• How far into the hop yard does the alfalfa pull PLH away? 

• Do the leafhoppers need to be removed from the trap crop at a certain density?

Page 8: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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2016‐2017 SARE Farmer Grant 

Alfalfa trap crop plots are 4000 ft2

Sticky card placed in trap crop trts and throughout hop yard

4 replicates

Control ‐mowed

Alfalfa –Spray at ET

Alfalfa – No Spray

20 + acre potato field!

July 1 (Average Peak PLH population)

Page 9: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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N

Yard B, 2016 Mean PLH/trap. Excluding July 1. 

POT A TO

P O T A T O

N

Yard B, mean whole season PLH/trap including July 1. 

POT A TO

P O T A T O

June 20 mean 4 PLH/trapJuly 1 mean 75 PLH/trap

Page 10: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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Surrounding Habitat Influences PLH

Farm B: Surrounded by hay fields + meadow

Farm C: On top of a hill, very windysurrounded by diverse meadow

Page 11: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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2. Plant Defense

2012 and 2013 Mean # PLH/leaf in Alburgh, VT

Have you noticed that PLH prefer some cultivars over others?

Page 12: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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Liberty Centennial

Bulbous Trichome

Peltate Trichome= Lupulin Gland

Hop Plant Defenses and Potato Leafhopper

Less leafhoppersMore lupulin glands on leaves

More leafhoppersLess lupulin glands on leaves

Sid Bosworth

Page 13: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

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Currently in search of the “Hairiest  Hop”

Hop Looper Caterpillar

6/22/2017

Page 14: Potato Leafhopper ManagementPLH is not attracted to these fields. Resistant alfalfa Susceptible alfalfa Miklasiewiczand Hammond 2001 Elden and McCaslin1997 In years with high PLH population

6/26/2017

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Cornell Cooperative ExtensionCapital Area Agriculture & Horticulture Program

Thank you!