Potable and Non-

Potable Wastewater

ReuseCOL. BHASKAR TATWAWADI

TUSPL, Mumbai10th November 2017

Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse

• INTRODUCTION

• DISCHARGE STANDARDS

• REUSE / RECYCLE STANDARDS

• INDUSTRY COMPULSIONS

• CASE STUDIES

• MUNICIPAL REUSE

• CASE STUDIES

• COST / BENEFITS

• CONCLUSION

Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse

• Water is a finite resource. Its management is asocial responsibility. As engineers it isincumbent upon us to diligently ensure goodwater use and reuse practices.

• Water supply is vested with municipal bodiesand regulatory industry organizations. Capitalcost of water infrastructure is high. O & M costvaries across regions.

• As freshwater availability from existing sourcesdepletes progressively, reuse of treatedwastewater emerges as a practical and viablealternative.

• Today’s AWWA India Conference is the mostappropriate forum to deliberate on this vitalissue for entire humanity.

Sr. No. Parameters

Standards as per CPCB, April 2015

Revised by MoEF Gazette Not. Oct. 17

1 pH 6.5-9.0 6.5-9.0

2 B.O.D. < 10 mg/l 20 to 30 mg/l

3

Chemical Oxygen Demand

< 50 mg /l

4 Suspended solids < 10 < 50 to 100

5 Oil & Grease

6 Ammonical Nitrogen < 5 mg/l

7 Phosphate < 2 mg/l

8 Total Nitrogen < 10 mg/l

9 Fecal Coliform < 100/ 100 ml < 1000/ 100 ml

Note : All units are in mg/l except pH.

DISCHARGE PARAMETERSThe CPCB enforced the treated wastewater discharge parameters

on 25th April 2015. These were revised by MoEF & CC in October

2017 as given in the Table below.

Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater ReuseTREATED WASTEWATER REUSE

QUALITY PARAMETERS (MANUAL OF SEWERAGE & SEWAGE TREATMENT, CPHEEO)

S. No. Quality Parameter Reuse for Toilet Flushing, Fire Protection, Vehicle Washing, Non-contact Storage, Horticulture

/Golf Courses 1 Turbidity (NTU) <2

2 Suspended Solids Nil 3 Total Dissolved Solids <2100 mg/l

4 pH 6.5 to 8.3

5 Temp 0C Ambient

6 Oil & Grease Nil

7 Min. residual Chlorine 1 mg/l 8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen <10 mg/l

9 BOD <10 mg/l 10 COD As arising when all other

parameters are satisfied. 11 Dissolved Phosphorous <1 mg/l

12 Nitrate Nitrogen <10 mg/l

13 Fecal Coliform Nil 14 Helminthic Eggs As arising when all other

parameters are satisfied. 15 Colour Colourless

16 Odour Asceptic and no foul odour.

Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse

• Reuse of treated wastewater has been the

practice in industries across sectors due to

the following compulsions –

– Limited supply

– Expansion plans without additional water

– High / unsubsidized water cost

– Availability of ample wastewater generated within

premises

– Cost of treatment before disposal and -

– Marginal incremental cost of treatment for reuse

and recycle, overall economy.

– No dependence on external water sources

Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse

Industries generating polluting effluents have

switched over to recycle & reuse.

• Petroleum refining

• Textiles processing

• Iron and Steel

• Automotive

In the last decade the Zero Liquid Discharge

(ZLD) policy of PCBs has forced other sectors

to ensure complete assimilation of treated

effluents within their own premises. Some case

studies follow.

CASE STUDIES

INDUSTRIAL REUSE : TEXTILES & AUTO

– ABHISHEK INDUSTRIES, BARNALA, 2004

– WELSPUN GROUP, ANJAR, 2004

– ALOK INDUSTRIES, VAPI, 2005

– HIMMATSINHGKA SIEDE LTD., HASSAN,

2007

– BOMBAY DYEING, RANJANGAON, 2008

– MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA, NASHIK, 2008

– TRIDENT GROUP, BUDHNI, 2010

TEXTILE EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICSPRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY & RO

S. No. Parameter Raw Effluent PostSecondary

Post RO

1 pH 10 -11 7.5 7.5

2 Temperature 450– 500 C 350 C Ambient

3 Suspended solids 300 50 Nil

4 BOD5 600 30 Nil

5 COD 2000 250

6 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 30 12 Nil

7 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 20 8 Nil

8 Phosphorous 10 5 Nil

9 Surfactants 40 2 Nil

10 Chlorides 1500 1500 50

11 Sulphates 1500 1500 50

12 Oil and Fats 25 5 Nil

13 Phenols 5 0.5 Nil

14 Colour on Pt-Co scale 5000 300 Colourless15 Odour Strong low Odourless

ABHISHEK, BARNALA, 3.5 MLD, Textiles, 2004

WELSPUN ANJAR, 5 MLD, Textiles, 2004

ALOK VAPI, 10 MLD, Textiles, 2005

HIMMETSINGHKA S. L. HASSAN, 5 MLD, Textiles, 2006

BOMBAY DYEING RANJANGAON, 6 MLD, Textiles, 2008

MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA NASHIK, 1.5 MLD, Auto, 2008

TRIDENT BUDHNI, 15 MLD, Textiles, 2010

PDA LUDHIANA, 110 MLD, Textiles, 2012

CASE STUDIESTREATED MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

(SEWAGE) RECYCLE

• SIPCOT, KOYAMBEDU STP, CHENNAI - 65 MLD, 2009

• RCF TROMBAY, STP, MUMBAI - 23 MLD, 2012

• HZL, STP, UDAIPUR, - 20 MLD, 2014

• NMMC, STP, NAVI MUMBAI - 42 MLD, 2016

• PCMC, STP, PIMPRI, PUNE - 42 MLD, 2016

• KEMPEGOWDA LAYOUT - 150 MLD 2016

SIPCOT, KOYAMBEDU CHENNAI, 65 MLD, 2009

RCF TROMBAY, 23 MLD, 2012

HZL UDAIPUR, 20 MLD, 2013

NAVI MUMBAI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION , 42 MLD, 2016

PIMPRI CHINCHWAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, 42 MLD, 2016

LOCATIONS

OF

EFFLUENT &

SEWAGE

RECYCLE

PLANTS IN

INDIA

COST - BENEFITS

CAPITAL COST in INR (Million)

Fresh water supply scheme cost Surya, 400 MLD: 20000.

SWRO Scheme Chennai, Minjur 100 MLD (2008) : 6500.

NMMC Recycle Project 40 MLD, 2017 : 1680.

OPERATING & MAINTENANCE COST

Surya Project : 10 / year / MLD

SWRO Chennai : Not available, PPP project

NMMC Recycle Project : 3.5 – 4.0 / year / MLD

Potable and Non-Potable Wastewater Reuse

These case studies represent a small fraction of the total

wastewater generated, treated and reused. The potential

for recycle in India is huge.

The advantages are obvious. The capital and O & M Cost

for recycled water is much lower than fresh water source

based green-field water supply schemes.

Water treated with UF & MBR may be used to restore the

freshwater sources. It may then be used for treated

municipal water supply. RO treated water is ultra-pure and

better in quality than municipal water. This may be used

for drinking and domestic use.

.

CONCLUSIONThe concept of reuse and recycle of treated wastewater

is old. Industries have benefitted with recycle

strategies. Recently Maharashtra State has decided

that MIDC estates and power generation plants shall

use recycled municipal wastewater (2nd Nov. 2017).

The municipal sector in India has now joined the

recycle revolution. This is an emerging market for

process and technology providers. As the treatment

cost reduces, more and more ULBs will come forward

to implement recycle projects.

AWWA India must convene a cell to focus on this

aspect and become a global leader and torch bearer for

water recycle and reuse.

THANK

YOU!