Postwar UncertaintySection 1

Ch.31

Albert Einstein● theory of relativity: space,

matter, time, and energy were all relative to each other.

● As moving objects neared the speed of light those four factors changed.

● They do not stay constant.

Sigmund Freud● studied human behavior

and decided that it was irrational.

● He called the irrational part of the brain the unconscious.

● His ideas weakened faith in reason.

Existentialism●This is the belief that there is no universal meaning in the world and that every person has to find their own meaning In life.

●Existentialists were influenced by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

Friedrich Nietzsche●Philosopher who said that reason, democracy, and progress were empty ideas.●He wanted people to adopt the values of pride and strength.

Literature in the 1920s● Franz Kafka wrote about

the horrors of modern life. ● His books put people in

threatening situations that they could not understand nor escape.

● Ex. The Metamorphosis

Literature in the 1920s● James Joyce was an Irish

novelist who wrote in a stream-of- conscious style

● Ex. Ulysses● F. Scott Fitzgerald was an

American novelist who wrote books about life having no meaning.

● Ex. The Great Gatsby

Cubism

●An art style created by Pablo Picasso in which objects were painted using geometric shapes.

Surrealism●showed a dreamlike existence outside reality.

●Ex. Salvador Dali, Giorgio de Chirico

Music●Music changed to harsher sounds and unusual rhythms.

●Jazz was created in the U.S. which used a lot of improvisation.

Women’s Roles Change●Many countries granted women the right to vote.●Clothing became shorter and looser.●More women wore makeup●Some also drank and smoked in public.

Technological Advances

●Improvements in cars made them more affordable.

●Charles Lindbergh was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927

●In 1932 Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly alone.

Technological Advances●Radio developed and became the most popular form of entertainment.●Silent movies became a popular source of entertainment.