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Postgraduate research training programmes

in the Faculty of Health and Society

Malmö University

Study handbook

Malmö 2010

Approved by the faculty board on 28th October 2010

Dnr HS 69-10/914

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Foreword The purpose of this study handbook is to provide doctoral research students and their supervisors with a single source of information on the regulations and their practical applications which are in force at the Faculty of Health and Society. The handbook will also provide prospective students considering applying for admission to the programmes at research level with an insight into how programmes have been organized. More specific information can be found in the general syllabi written for the Faculty's postgraduate research training subjects in the biomedical sciences, health and society, social work and the health sciences. General information can be found in the Handbook for Postgraduate Students, which you can find on the website of the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education, at www.hsv.se. This handbook is based on directives and local regulations which came into force in September 2010. Margareta Östman Ulla Gertsson Dean Head of Chancellery, Director of Studies Doctoral research training programme

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CONTENTS Research at the Faculty of Health and Society.............................................................................5

Biomedical sciences domain..................................................................................................................5

Postgraduate research training subjects in the domain........................................................................................5

Health, Caring and Welfare domain....................................................................................................6

Postgraduate research training subjects in the domain.........................................................................................6

Goals for postgraduate research training programmes.................................................................8

The Higher Education Ordinance's goals for the PhD degree...........................................................8

The Higher Education Ordinance's goals for the licentiate degree...................................................8

Specific goals for the Faculty's postgraduate research training subjects.........................................9

Admission to postgraduate research training programmes..........................................................10

Prerequisite knowledge for admission to postgraduate research training programmes...............10

Admission following advertisement of vacant place on a programme............................................10

Evaluative criteria for advertised course places..................................................................................................11

Admission regarding non-advertised vacant place on a programme.............................................11

Evaluative criteria for non-advertised vacancies................................................................................................ 12

Personal prerequisites for postgraduate research training..............................................................12

Introduction of new doctoral students..............................................................................................12

Quality assurance for programmes and theses............................................................................14

Supervision...........................................................................................................................................14

Time allocation for supervision..........................................................................................................................14

Requirements and expectations..........................................................................................................................15

Research groups and seminars...........................................................................................................16

Director of studies for the postgraduate research training programme.........................................16

Committee for Research and Postgraduate Research Training Programme (FUN).....................16

Research ethics.....................................................................................................................................16

General syllabi......................................................................................................................................17

Postgraduate research programme taught courses...........................................................................17

Credit transfer of taught courses on research training programmes....................................................................18

Individual study plan............................................................................................................................18

Project plan..........................................................................................................................................................19

Annual review of the individual study plan.........................................................................................................19

Mid-period seminar..............................................................................................................................19

Review 75% of work completed..........................................................................................................19

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Teaching and other work for the department...................................................................................20

Regulations governing the employment of doctoral students..............................................................................20

International contacts...........................................................................................................................21

Review of doctoral thesis......................................................................................................................21

Review of licentiate thesis....................................................................................................................21

Doctoral and licentiate theses....................................................................................................22

Format for the doctoral thesis..........................................................................................................22

Format for the licentiate thesis.........................................................................................................23

Printing of the thesis..........................................................................................................................24

Public notification of date of public defence....................................................................................24

Dissemination of thesis copies...........................................................................................................25

Public defence of doctoral thesis..................................................................................................25

Planning of the defence......................................................................................................................25

Date of the defence......................................................................................................................................... 25

Requirements for the defence ................................................................................................................. .......25

Faculty examiner, examining committee and chairman of the defence..........................................................26

Booking of lecture theatre and conference room.............................................................................................26

Communication with the faculty examiner and examining committee...........................................................26

Costs....................................................................................................................................................26

Information about the public defence............................................................................................ .26

The public defence.............................................................................................................................26

Examining committee meeting.......................................................................................................................27

While waiting for the decision of the examining committee.........................................................................27

Licentiate seminar........................................................................................................................28

Degrees and degree certificates...................................................................................................29

Conferral of the doctorate............................................................................................................29

Career after the degree.................................................................................................................29

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Research at the Faculty of Health and Society The faculty has approved two disciplinary domains in which postgraduate research training will be pursued. The disciplinary domains of Biomedical science and Health, Nursing and Welfare are described below.

Biomedical science domain Biomedical science is a broad field. The area covered by Malmö University includes not only a more traditional specialism mainly in biochemistry, immunology and cell biology but also a specialism directed towards an understanding of the interaction between surfaces and biological material. The latter is based on the surface chemistry expertise of the research group and is in our judgement unique in the country. The connection between the two specialisms is under development with a number of ongoing joint research projects. Research thus includes not only molecular but also cellular interaction on surfaces. Examples of areas of application include the use and development of implants, contact lenses and catheters or analytical, diagnostic and treatment methods encompassing surface interactions. Studies of biological boundary surfaces such as the molecular structure at, interaction in and transport through for example the bowels, skin and artery walls are thus central themes. Knowledge obtained provides a basis for the development of new biomedical technology which directly or indirectly is brought about by modifying the binding, structure, activity and association of biomolecules at boundary surfaces as well as their interaction with cells. Knowledge is obtained through for example in vitro studies in relevant models. Research is directed towards biomedical and biotechnological applications in connection with industrial and clinical applications. An important strategy is the cooperation between research partners internally in the Faculty (for example in the health and caring sciences) and externally through the Clinical Research Center, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital as well as partners in the business sector, with the objective of pursuing research encompassing molecular studies via in vitro experiments to the clinical domain and the business sector. The biomedical science domain is part of the University's 'Biological Interfaces' programme and research environment. The biomedical work also makes up a major part of the 'Biofilms- Research Center for Biointerfaces'. In the work of the research profile as well as in the establishment of the research centre, strategic support, community contact and relevance to the business sector are secured through the commitment of Malmö University and the Knowledge Foundation. The disciplinary domain is connected to previous stages in degree programmes through the biomedical analyst programme (with approx. 120 whole year equivalent students ) and the bachelor of science programme in biomedical technology- technology, business and management (approx. 30 whole year equivalent students). At second cycle (master's level), the master's programme in Biomedical Methods and Technology (approx 15 whole year students) has a strong research foundation. Postgraduate Research training subjects within the domain The domain encompasses the postgraduate research training programme subject Biomedical

Sciences (Biomedicinsk vetenskap) which is described in the general syllabus as follows. Biomedical sciences is a multidisciplinary subject which is based on elements of chemistry,

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physics, human biology and medicine. The subject combines theory and applied science for application in areas such as diagnosis and the treatment of illnesses. The subject also includes an holistic perspective on the human being by carrying out assessments from relevant scientific, social and ethic aspects. Biomedical science includes biomedical laboratory science and biomedical technology. Biomedical laboratory science focuses on the development of methods which can be used in laboratory medicine as well as methods for investigating biological functions. Biomedical technology is the science which supports product and technology development in the biomedical domain. The courses of medical and biological processes are also taken up in the subject at micro-, nano- and molecular level. The study of phenomena and processes at biological interfaces is a central theme which emphasizes the importance of making the connection between surface chemistry, biology and medicine.

The Health, Caring and Welfare Domain The domain of Health, Caring and Welfare is based on various forms of codes of practice as determined by society at large and the research needs arising from such work. Such practices can include health and hospital care, social services, criminal care, care of substance abusers and paediatric care. The domain has a multi-disciplinary profile where problems are related to health and disease at an individual, group or social / community-wide phenomena either separately or in interaction. The majority of research in the area is pursued in clearly-defined focus areas where health is studied from various perspectives. Such areas are for example physical and mental health, sexual health, public health, migration and health, social environments and health and antisocial behaviour involved in the abuse of alcohol and drugs. This context provides doctoral students and researchers with similar problems and choices of methodology with a meeting place over disciplinary boundaries. For doctoral students there is a joint doctoral student seminar. The domain is part of the Malmö University degree programme and research profile in 'Health and social conditions in a life course perspective'. The domain is also strongly rooted in the surrounding community through professional training programmes at first and second cycle levels which are offered by the Faculty. Examples of such programmes at first cycle level are the nursing programme, the social work programme, the programme in educational work with the elderly, the public health programme, the psychiatric nursing programme and the criminology programme. At second cycle level, there is a strong research connection with the specialist nursing programme and the master's programme in sexology, criminology, social work and public health studies. Good opportunities exist therefore to become involved in and implement research results as well as testing models which have been generated in research in the areas of work which aim to apply research questions to practical and clinical work. The grouping of medical sciences and the social sciences is strongly grounded in the discourse of health politics in recent years. A striking example is the Commission of the World Health Organisation 's final report which received a great deal of media attention in 2008 regarding the 'Social determinants of Health' (the so-called Marmot Commission). The importance is emphasized here of continued research into the role of social factors and their importance for group and individual health. Postgraduate research subjects in the domain The three doctoral research training programme subjects with subject descriptions from the general syllabi belonging to the domain are described below:

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Health and society (Hälsa och samhälle): Health and society is a multidisciplinary subject directed towards studies of human health and health-related aspects. From an integrated social and medical perspective the health situation of individuals and groups is analysed as well as how these aspects are affected by processes at societal level. Further studies include the work of various professions in terms of preventing and treating disease and health-related problems either separately or collectively. A central and common principle is a life course perspective where dimensions of health and health related problems together with medical and social interventions are studied under the various phases of life. The course of life is studied in various stages, turning points and directions which share the fact that they are formed and affected by social institutions. Social work (socialt arbete): Social work is directed towards studies of individuals and groups in vulnerable situations together with the social conditions which impact on human life circumstances. Studies usually take their point of departure in social problems but can also include factors and strategies which prevent and counteract social marginalisation and isolation. The subject also includes studies of social interventions and the organisations which manage them. Within the framework for these studies, various interpretative and plans for action are illuminated in professional practice. Health science (Vårdvetenskap): The subject of Health Science is multidisciplinary and multiprofessional. The subject includes theories and methods for studies of problems, processes, factors and measures related to physical and mental health. Part of the health sciences is made up of nursing which includes preventative, support, caring and rehabilitative measures within health and hospital care in various environments and contexts. Health science encompasses the beginning of life through to old age, dying and death. It includes knowledge and expertise related to life with a disability, long-term disease and physical and mental health, how these situations can be made easier and suffering can be mitigated. The views, experiences and reactions of patients and their close relatives and friends with regards to care and treatment are in focus in the health sciences. The subject also encompasses the organisation of care, the prerequisites for professional training in the health sciences, processes and results together with knowledge requirements and knowledge use in work involving health and hospital care.

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Goals for postgraduate research training programmes The general goals which should be fulfilled for doctoral and licentiate degrees are set out in the Higher Education Ordinance. In addition, the Faculty Board has approved subject-specific goals which are stated in the respective general syllabi.

The Higher Education Ordinance's goals for the doctor of philosophy

degree Knowledge and understanding For the degree of doctor of philosophy, postgraduate students should - demonstrate a broad knowledge within and a systematic understanding of the research area as well as an in-depth and up-to-date specialist knowledge within a specific part of the research area and - show a familiarity with scientific methodology in general and the methods of the specific research area in particular Skills and ability For the degree of doctor of philosophy, postgraduate students should - demonstrate the ability to carry out scientific analysis and synthesis as well as independent critical examination and evaluation of new and complex phenomena, problem formulation and situations - demonstrate the ability to critically, independently, creatively and with scientific rigour identify and formulate problems as well as planning and using adequate methods for pursuing research and other advanced tasks within the given time frame and to scrutinize and evaluate such work - through the submission of a thesis demonstrate their ability to make a significant contribution to the development of knowledge through their own research -demonstrate their ability both in national and international contexts, orally and in writing to authoritatively present and discuss research and research results in dialogue with the scientific community and with society at large. - demonstrate the ability to identify needs for further knowledge - demonstrate the prerequisites both in research, teaching and other advanced professional contexts to contribute to the development of society and to support the learning of others Judgement and approach For the degree of doctor of philosophy, doctoral students should - demonstrate intellectual independence and scientific probity as well as the ability to make ethical judgements with regards to research and - demonstrate an extended insight into the opportunities and limitations presented by science, its role in society and the responsibility which human begins have for its use.

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The Higher Education Ordinance's goal's for the licentiate degree Knowledge and understanding

For the licentiate degree, postgraduate research students should -demonstrate knowledge and understanding within the research area, involving current specialist knowledge within a limited part of this and in-depth knowledge in scientific method in general and in the specific research area in particular. Skills and ability

For the licentiate degree, postgraduate research students should -demonstrate the ability to critically, independently and creatively and with scientific rigour identify and formulate problems, to plan and using adequate methods carry out well-defined research project and other advanced tasks within the given time frames and thereby contribute to the development of knowledge as well as evaluating their work. -demonstrate their ability both in national and international contexts, orally and in writing to present and discuss research and research results in dialogue with the scientific community and with society at large. -demonstrate the skills required to independently participate in research and development work and independently work with other advanced tasks. Judgement and approach

For the licentiate degree, the doctoral research student should - demonstrate the ability not only in a national but also international context to orally and in writing clearly present and discuss research and research results in a dialogue with the scientific community and society at large, and - demonstrate such skills which are required to independently participate in research and development work and to independently work in other advanced tasks.

Specific goals for the faculty's research training programme courses See current general syllabus.

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Admissions to postgraduate training courses When new postgraduate students are admitted to research training courses, the financing of the whole period of studies should have been secured. The main rule of thumb is that places on courses are advertised on the basis that the Faculty has the financial means to admit new doctoral students. If the financing of a course place is related to a specific person, a decision will be made on admission without advertising the vacancy. See Malmö University's Admissions Ordinance for postgraduate research training courses. Applicants who are interested in admission as doctoral research students should check for the advertisement of vacant positions on the Malmö University website. Prospective students who want to discuss specific project ideas are welcome to contact one of the faculty's senior researchers or alternatively the director of studies for the research training programme.

Prerequisite knowledge for admission to postgraduate research training

courses In order for the student to be admitted, the necessary requirements involvement the fulfillment of general entry requirements which are regulated in the Higher Education Ordinance and specific entry requirements which are approved by the Faculty Board. General entry requirements Students possessing general entry requirements should have 1. successfully completed a degree at second cycle (master's) level 2. successfully completed courses comprising at least 240 credits, of which at least 60 credits should be at second cycle (master's) level 3. in some other way either within the country or abroad acquired broadly equivalent knowledge Specific entry requirements may be defined within the framework for basic entry requirements as the possession of at least 90 credits of which 30 credits should be at second cycle (master's) level, in a subject of relevance for the research domain in question or broadly equivalent knowledge. In addition, adequate knowledge is required in English. Persons who prior to 1st July 2007 fulfilled the eligibility requirements below for postgraduate research training courses will also be regarded as being eligible for admission, up until but not beyond June 2015: Undergraduate courses in higher education comprising at least 120 credits (180 credits in the post Bologna system) or equivalent knowledge acquired in the country or abroad (transition regulations SFS 2006:1053 p 11). Specific entry requirements comprise at least 90 credits, of which 30 credits should be at second cycle level, in a subject which is of relevance for the research domain in question or in some other way involving broadly equivalent knowledge. In addition adequate knowledge of English is required. The Faculty has developed a code of practice which means that there is an opportunity to assess whether the applicant has expertise on the basis of prior learning which is the equivalent of the above formal requirements.

Admission following advertisement of vacant place on a programme

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The University body or administrative unit with the financial resources, regardless of whether it concerns direct government funding for research and third-cycle programmes or external funding, should formulate a proposal for a vacancy advertisement which will then be processed by the Committee for Research and Postgraduate Research Training Programme (Swedish abbreviation FUN). In connection with the processing, FUN will examine the financial prerequisites and check to make sure that the applicant can devote as much time as possible to the research training programme so that it can be completed within a four year time period with regards to a licentiate degree ( part-time, 50%) or 8 years with regards to the PhD (part-time, 50%). Once notification of the vacant position has been approved by FUN, the advertising of the position can then take place. The advertisement should be published for a time period of at least two weeks on the Malmö University website but as a rule the advertisement should be made on a wider basis and the application period longer. All applications received will then be scrutinized by two senior researchers. A doctoral student representative with full insight into the process will also participate in the work if time allows. The evaluation group will then write a proposal for admission where all the applicants' qualifications and formal merits will be evaluated. This statement will then be sent to the applicants. At the same time the work will be commenced to formulate the application for admission and the individual study plan (see below) for the applicant(s) which has/ have been proposed for admission. The evaluative group's statement and the proposed candidate's application regarding admission will then be processed by FUN who will decide on admission. The administrative head will then contact the doctoral student accepted for admission for their response regarding admission as well as discussing their employment as doctoral student and the date of commencement. Details regarding employment will then be passed on from the head of administration to the personnel administrator concerned. Evaluative criteria for advertised course places In cases of selection involving applicants to the vacant place on the course, the main evaluative criterion is the ability to successfully complete and benefit from a research training course. In order to assess this criteria, previous study results, the applicants' papers, reports and research plans and any research merits as well as documented experience from working life will be taken into consideration. Independent project work at first and second cycle levels have particular weight. Previous courses or working life experience / prior learning credited for the postgraduate programme will not give the applicant preference above other applicants. With active recruitment and selection of students to research training courses, equal opportunities will be observed. Admission regarding non-advertised vacant place on a programme There is an interest from employers and persons active outside of the university system to participate in the faculty's research training programmes. These contacts are important for the University's ' 'third stream mission'. At the same time, this initiative should not reduce the possibilities to admit PhD students following advertisement of programme vacancies.

Postgraduate research studies can be financed through: • employer-financed postgraduate research training (salary received for employment

outside the Faculty)

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• doctoral research position which is either wholly or partly financed by an external employer

• scholarships • students' own financing arrangements

There may also be cases where presumptive doctoral students clearly participate in the application process for external funding and that their names appear in the application. In cases such as these and in other cases where an external financer specifically mentions a person for employment as a doctoral research assistant, no public advertisement of the position will be made. The drafting process relating to admission with advertisement of the position will be made by the administrative unit concerned and will then be relayed to FUN for approval. It is usually the case that the question is raised in FUN during the course of the process to discuss the principles involved at faculty level or in order to obtain a decision in advance. If the newly admitted doctoral student does not obtain a doctoral research assistantship employment at the faculty, it is important that the administrative head of the unit concerned reaches agreement with technical support staff with regards to the place of work, access to telephone, computers etc. All newly employed PhD students will receive a university computer identity which will enable them to obtain access to library services. In other cases, a restrictive practice and allotment should be exercised subject to the number of places available. Evaluative criteria for non-advertised vacancies In cases of applications relating to admission with non-advertised vacancies, FUN should ensure that studies are pursued at a level of at least 50% during the whole study period. Otherwise the following aspects should be taken into consideration:

• Entry requirements • Ability to successfully complete and benefit from the course (this should be at least as

good for students who have been admitted following notification of vacancy) • Project plan and its relevance for one of the faculty's research profiles • Availability of supervision

In the assessment process it is important to observe equality and equal opportunities and therefore age, gender, ethnic background or similar should not be part of the assessment. In relation to financing from external employers, the employer should submit a guarantee regarding the financial provision for the doctoral student and that the applicant will be able to devote sufficient part of his/ her time to the postgraduate research training programme during the whole period of studies (the equivalent to two years' full-time studies for the licentiate degree and 4 years full-time for the PhD). In relation to self financing, students should in writing provide guarantees relating to their financial support for the entire study period.

Personal prerequisites for research training courses Students beginning their research training courses should have a realistic attitude to the task ahead of them and place reasonable demands on themselves, their immediate surroundings and their supervisor. The result of doctoral studies is the fruit of your cooperation with your supervisor. In the initial phase of any cooperative process, it can be a good idea to clarify for one another what is expected in terms of both parties' roles and tasks. Open communication between supervisor and the PhD student is the best way of solving problems. Finally you must naturally have a generous attitude and be prepared to share your knowledge and expertise and help others within the research group.

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Introduction of new research students In connection with the application for employment as a doctoral student and admission to courses at third cycle level, the presumptive doctoral students will primarily have contact with the supervisors to be appointed. Potential and admitted PhD students are also welcome to contact the director of studies for the research training programme. It can also be a good idea to talk to someone who is currently pursuing doctoral studies or who has recently defended their thesis. Participating in seminars and research training courses is a good way to get started on the research training programme.

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Quality assurance of courses and theses In recent developments, great emphasis has been placed on ensuring that postgraduate research programmes are of high quality. Systems and routines have been established to ensure long-term quality assurance combined with the opportunity at an early stage to identify and deal with possible problems.

Supervision The Faculty is responsible for ensuring that all doctoral students receive good supervision. In connection with admission, a principal supervisor will be appointed together with at least one supervisor. The principal supervisor is responsible, in consultation with the postgraduate research student concerned for any changes in the supervisory group. The research student has the right to request a change of principal supervisor. For doctoral students beginning their courses after June 2007, the following rules apply: Chapter 6 section 31. For each doctoral student, the faculty board should appoint at least two

supervisors. One of these supervisors should be appointed as the principal supervisor. The

doctoral student has the right to supervision during their course, provided that the faculty board

on the basis of paragraph 37 does not decide otherwise. A doctoral student who so requests may

change supervisor (SFS 2006:1053)

Chapter 6 section 32. A University or other institution of higher education providing third cycle

courses should arrange for the training of supervisors.

At least one of the supervisors should have completed such a training course or alternatively may

be judged to have an equivalent expertise by the faculty board (SFS 2006:1053).

Appointed supervisors should possess a doctorate. The principal supervisor should be employed by the Faculty and should be an associate professor or at the least possess equivalent expertise. Training in PhD research supervision is provided on a regular basis by Malmö University as a joint training course for the whole of the university. Time allocation for supervison Each full-time doctoral student has the right to 40 hours of supervision per term. This time allocation is distributed between all the supervisors involved and is documented in the individual study plan. The supervisor has the responsibility that supervision is carried out in accordance with this regulation. The supervision time includes all the work that the supervisors do such as preparation prior to supervisory meetings. Each PhD student should have at least two supervisors. In cases where one member of the supervisory group is new in their supervisor rule and therefore needs more time for the task, the extra time involved cannot be counted in the PhD student's supervision time. The supervisor concerned should instead count the time in terms of their own professional development. Doctoral students should not be disfavoured by large supervisory groups. The research unit which the doctoral student belongs to is responsible for the financing which can either be in the form of direct government funding or via external funding. The senior lecturer

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who is the main supervisor can raise the question of compensation for time allotted to this task with the head of administration for research. Otherwise senior lecturers who are supervisors should carry out the task within the time allotted for their continuing professional development. Requirements and expectations The doctoral student and supervisor should at an early stage should make it clear to each other what the requirements and expectations are. In the individual study plan, guidelines for cooperation and respective commitments should be included. If one of the parties does not fulfil its obligation, the situation can be taken up at the annual review which is included as part of the individual study plan. It cannot be emphasized strongly enough that serious problems should be identified and brought out into the open so that valuable time is not wasted. A good idea is to contact the director of studies for the postgraduate research training programme or someone else in a leading position in whom one can confide. The supervisor should:

• Assist with the choice of thesis subject and ensure that it is realistic and feasible • Review manuscripts and other material • Recommend courses together with interesting and relevant literature • Assist in the establishment of contacts with other departments in Sweden and abroad • Enable the PhD student to visit and participate in international conferences and meetings. • Recommend sources which one can apply to for research funding

If the supervision is not working: • Talk to the supervisors • Try to find an additional supervisor • Contact the director of studies for the postgraduate research training programme • Contact the dean of the faculty • Talk to the student union and / or the union • Contact the student health centre

The research student and supervisors should enter into discussions to arrive at an agreement relating to what is appropriate and document what has been agreed upon in terms of supervisor and supervision in the individual study plan. The following points can serve as a guide: Distribution of responsibility and work tasks:

• encouragement and feedback in the work • literature search • establishment of a literature database • application for research funding and travel scholarships • planning of meetings • courses in the research training programme • conferences • presentation of ongoing projects in various forums • continual updating of the project plan • continual updating of the individual study plan •

Relations between supervisor and doctoral student: • rights and responsibilities

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• expectations • motivation • availability • regular preformance reviews

Research groups and seminars It is important that all doctoral students feel a strong allegiance to one of the Faculty's research groups. At the same time, doctoral students are important for research which in many cases is team work where good results can pave the way for new research funding in turn leading to further development of research activity. Supervisors also have demands placed on them to pursue and publish high qualitative research. A well-functioning exchange of experience within the research group is a necessary stimulus. Developing the habit of accurately recording all experiments, trials and results so that you can present them in detail much later on will save you a great deal of work. In addition, you should continually compile and summarize experiments, results and conclusions as well as plans for continued experiments / studies and discuss these with your supervisor and the members of the group. When you have completed a major investigation, you should present it at a research seminar where even researchers outside your research group can review your research, provide new insights and propose new ways of tacking the problems in focus. Doctoral students and researchers gather for seminars in all research subjects. The outline of the work varies between different faculties; it is however important that all doctoral studies are provided with training to be able to participate in scholarly dialogue.

Director of Studies for the research training programme Overarching questions for the university relating to courses at third cycle level are taken up in the forum for research where the vice-chancellor, deans and directors of the University's research profiles and doctoral student representatives participate. Affiliated to this forum is a working party led by the University's research coordinator including a PhD student and a senior researcher from each faculty / disciplinary domain. The Health and Society domain is represented by the director of studies for the research training programme. The Faculty's director of studies for the research training course represents FUN in questions relating to research and research training programmes. The director of studies can also assist doctoral students and their supervisors with information and other forms of help in research training programme questions. There is also an administrative assistant reporting to the director of studies who assists with the administration of the research training programme.

Committee for Research and Postgrade Research Training Programmes

(Swedish abbreviation FUN) The committee for research and research training questions drafts administrative matters for the faculty board relating to research and research as well as deciding on the tasks of the faculty board in matters relating to delegation. For more information, consult the faculty's delegation ordinance. All professors in the faculty are members of the committee and here strategic questions are raised and discussed relating to research training courses.

Research ethics

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From 1st January 2004, there has been a new Act of Parliament in force with regards to the ethical vetting of research relating to human beings (Act of Parliament on the Ethical Research). The Act encompasses research on living persons but also research on the deceased and biological material obtained from human beings as well as research involving the management of sensitive personal information. Information about the Act in Swedish is provided at: (http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=3911&bet=2003:460) and the bill 2002/03:50 (http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c4/12/95/a8511743.pdf) On 1st June 2008, certain amendments in the Act of Parliament on the Ethical Vetting of Research came into force- the Act's definition of research has for example been amended to make it clear what research activities can be subjected to ethical vetting in according with the Act. The Act's area of application has been widened so that all research involving the processing of sensitive personal information should be ethically vetted, regardless of whether the researcher has given his / her approval or not. A further broadening of the Act's area of application is the ethical vetting of research which is carried out within a methodology involving an an obvious risk of injuring the

researcher. Details of the Bill (2007/08:44) in Swedish can be obtained at: http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/09/48/06/b497e80c.pdf Ethical vetting takes place in a regional committee; for Malmö University the relevant board is the ethical vetting board in Lund. The board is an independent public authority, divided into three divisions. Two divisions look into matters within the medical science area (medicine, pharmacy, odontology, nursing science and clinical psychology) while one division covers other research areas. For studies which are pursued within research training programmes, the Act of Ethical Vetting of Research applies. The Faculty of Health and Society has made the decision to finance costs of SEK 5000 in connection with applications for ethical research vetting. All ethic vetting applications within the Faculty should be signed by the Dean who will also write an obligatory resource appendix to be included with the application. The application, together with the appendices and attachments should be submitted in the form of 17copies using the application form for the purpose and sent to the Regional Ethical Vetting board in Lund. NB. The board works on the basis of meetings agreed in advance, with final application deadline dates. The Faculty's records office should also have a copy of the application. If the Act is not applicable, the applicant will be sent an advisory statement from the Committee. If the application is turned down by the committee, the decision can be appealed against through the Central Ethical Vetting Committee, which has its registry office at the Swedish Research Council in Stockholm.

General syllabi For each research training programme subject, there is a syllabus which has been approved by the faculty board. The syllabus encompasses areas such as how the various goals of the course will be fulfilled.

Postgraduate Research training programme sub-component courses In table 1 and 2 above, it can be seen that some of the goals for research training at third cycle level are best fulfilled through participation in taught courses as part of the postgraduate research training programme. Malmö University has developed a number of joint courses which cover general research knowledge which all doctoral students should possess. There is also a joint range

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of courses which are directed towards postgraduate research students in different research areas. The Faculty arranges its own research training courses. Doctoral students are free to apply to for courses at other higher education institutions. Courses at second cycle (ie master's) levels can also be included. Before a doctoral student starts a course, the principal supervisor should be consulted to make sure that the course can be included in the degree. The supervisor should ensure that the doctoral student can achieve all goals within the framework which is provided in the general syllabus and that there is no duplication of course components. For the doctor of philosophy degree a total of 60 credits is required with the following distribution:

• Theory and method courses, at least 26 credits • Subject courses, at least 26 credits • Pedagogical courses for the higher education sector, 3 credits

For the licentiate degree, a total of 30 credits is required with the following distribution: • Theory and method courses, at least 10 credits • Subject-specific courses, at least 10 credits

Credit transfer of courses in research training programmes Research training courses which are pursued at Malmö University are registered directly in the LADOK study registry. The principal supervisor approves courses which can be included in the degree. The formal decision is taken in connection with the issuing of the degree certificate; doctoral students should however continually make sure that their course participation has been approved. The credit transfer of research training courses from other higher education institutions should be checked by the principal supervisor and approved by the director of studies for the research training programme following application from the doctoral student. In case of any doubts arising, the matter can be referred to FUN for approval. Decisions will be made continuously during the period of the programme. Credit transfer of other courses or work where credits are offered should be verified by the principal supervisor and approved by FUN following application from the doctoral student. This usually concerns courses at second cycle (ie master's) level. Decisions will be made continuously during the period of the programme and preliminary decisions can be obtained from FUN.

Individual study plan An individual study plan will be written for each doctoral student. The plan will be agreed upon by the doctoral student and supervisors in accordance with the general syllabus. The general syllabus and application form for the individual study plan can be found on the University's website. The individual study plan should contain the following information:

• Postgraduate research training programme subject • Preliminary title of thesis • Intended degree • Project plan • Ethical vetting • Research training programme courses ( see general syllabus!) • Supervisor and supervision • Finance plan

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• Time plan • Other activities of importance for progression in the research training programme.

The individual study plan should be dated and signed by the doctoral student and all supervisors. Project plan The presumptive research student should write a project plan together with the intended supervisors. The programme should be as detailed as possible in terms of its description of the research project including sub-component projects, which will lead up to the thesis itself. It goes without saying that a project plan written for a research training programme will be changed during the course of the programme but it is nevertheless important that the initial plan is documented prior to admission and that the supervisors and doctoral students have planned how the research part of the research training programme will be pursued. The plan should be written with suitable headings in accordance with the Swedish Research Council's instructions:

• Specific goals (statement of purpose with the proposed research project) • Overview of area (a summary of one's own research and that of others and previous results

in the research field) • Project description (theory, method and implementation) • Specific headings which in relevant cases should be presented / commented upon

(integrated subject areas, equipment, international cooperation and ethical considerations and gender aspects).

• Preliminary results ( a description of the student's own experiments / pilot studies within the research area)

• Significance ( short statement of the project's importance) • Literature

Under the headings of Specific goals and Project description, the various sub-component projects should be presented which will be part of the final thesis. Annual review of the individual study plans Individual study plans should be updated and approved annually. In Health and Society, all individual study plans are reviewed collectively at the beginning of December. These plans are reviewed by the director of studies for the research training programme at a faculty meeting of supervisors and approved subsequently by the director of studies and director of the research domain in focus. The director of studies will also meet with research students on an individual basis. The Director of Studies will convene the faculty meeting of supervisors.

Mid-way seminar At the latest when half of the study period has elapsed, the doctoral student should hold a mid-way seminar. The goal is that doctoral students should demonstrate the ability to present and discuss their research at an advanced level while at the same time the seminar provides an excellent opportunity to obtain feedback from the research community on the continued work. A PhD-qualified subject expert will be appointed by the principal supervisor to review the work. The principal supervisor will submit information to the Faculty's information officer to enable notification of the seminar to be made in good time to come to the attention of researchers within the subject area but not for the wider media. The principal supervisor has further responsiblity to report to the director of studies for the postgraduate research training programme that the seminar has been passed. This will be reported in LADOK and PhD students with a doctoral research

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assistantship post will receive the appropriate salary increment in line with the doctoral research salary increment ladder.

Review at the 75% complete stage When the principal supervisor judges that 75% of the studies have been completed, a report will be sent to the director of studies for the research training programme to enable the doctoral student to receive the stipulated salary increase in accordance with the doctoral research students' salary increment ladder and to document the progression in LADOK. It is important that the principal supervisor closely follows and assesses the work of the PhD student and therefore salary increases will not be approved retroactively.

Teaching and other work for the department There is an expectation that the newly qualified doctor should teach. Many doctoral students at the Faculty for Health and Society are on leave of absence from employment as junior lecturers and can combine research studies part time with work as a lecturer. Other doctoral students work with teaching and administration up to a maximum of 20% of a full-time position within the framework for their doctoral student positions. Such work should be documented by the doctoral student when the individual study plan is revised and should be reflected in the registration of the scope of the studies in LADOK. The principal supervisor or the administrative head within undergraduate programmes who has enlisted the doctoral student should in writing inform the director of studies for the research training programme immediately after each term so that the correct scope of work can be reported in LADOK. A transfer of salary costs for teaching time will be made to the funding for undergraduate teaching programmes. Where there is a necessity to extend a doctoral student's period of employment beyond the 4 year period, compensation will be made for teaching and other work done on behalf of the department. Regulations for doctoral student employment The code of practice of the Faculty is that every appointment as a doctoral student should be for a maximum of one year at a time. According to the Higher Education ordinance the following regulations are in force: Chapter 5 section 1. Universities and higher education institutions may have special

employment forms for doctoral students to enable them to pursue research training courses.

Chapter 5 section 7. Employment as a doctoral student will be for an indefinite period

although it should be at maximum up to a certain date and never for a period longer than one

year following completion of the doctoral degree. The first period of employment should be

up to a maximum of one year. Employment periods can be renewed up to a maximum of two

years at a time.

A person may be employed as a doctoral student for a maximum of eight years. The total

employment time may not be longer than what is the equivalent of a research training period

full-time during a four year period. For studies which will be completed with the award of a

licentiate degree, the total period of employment may not be longer that what is the equivalent

to research training full-time for two years. From this period of time, a subtraction will be

made for the time when the doctoral student was not employed as a doctoral research student.

The total period of employment may however be longer than what has been stated in the third

paragraph, if there are particular reasons for so doing. Such reasons can include leave due to

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illness, services in the armed forces or for work as an elected representative for trades union

organisations and student bodies or parental leave. (SFS 2006:1053)

Chapter 5 section 2. Persons who are employed as postgraduate research students should

mainly devote their time to their own research training.

An employee may to a limited extent work with their own educational development, research

and administration. Such work may not, before the doctoral degree has been completed,

comprise more than 20% of full-time employment. (SFS 2006:1053)

International contacts Research is an international work area and the research community is by its very nature international. It is therefore important that doctoral students, with the help of their supervisors, obtain international experience and contacts. Participation in international symposia and conferences is a source of exchange experience and new insights which push the research front forward. The discussions and personal contacts which follow a lecture or poster presentation are often highly stimulating for continued research work. In general it is the case that research training can be pursued abroad, on the condition that it is to the advantage of the research training programme and that it does not involve an extension of the study period. Travelling to conferences and periods in residence at departments abroad require greater resources than doctoral students may themselves and the Faculty has available. It is therefore important that doctoral students apply for scholarships.

Review of doctoral theses All doctoral theses at the faculty of Health and Society should be reviewed before a decision is made about whether and when the public defence can take place. Monograph thesis. The review will take place at a final seminar. It can be a good idea although it is not strictly necessary to find presumptive members in the examining committee for the review. It is the task of the principal supervisor who will initiate arrangements and organize the final seminar. Compilation thesis The review is carried out within the Faculty and should include all the sub-component articles and a summary / background. The review will be carried out by a professor from within the subject area of the thesis. If the professor has been the supervisor , another reviewer will be appointed in consultation with the dean. The review will be initiated by the principal supervisor. The dean, supervisor or FUN can, in individual cases, and for various reasons choose to carry out a further review or preparation prior to the public defence. An example could be a 'trial' defence. For all theses, it is important that together with the examining committee and faculty opponent for the final thesis, to notify the faculty if they are doubtful about whether the thesis will be passed.

Review of licentiate thesis All licentiate theses at the Faculty of Health and Society should be prior reviewed before decision is made about the licentiate seminar and the date can be taken. The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that the review is carried out. The dean, supervisor or FUN can, in individual cases, and for various reasons choose to carry out a further review or preparation prior to the public defence. An example could be a 'trial' defence. For all theses, it is important that together with the examining committee and faculty opponent for the final thesis, to notify the faculty if they are doubtful about whether the thesis will be passed.

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Doctoral and licentiate theses The format for doctoral theses A doctoral thesis should be written as a uniform, cohesive scholarly work in the form of a monograph or a so-called compilation thesis. At the Faculty of Health and Society, a compilation thesis is the commonest alternative. The thesis is in this case made up of a total (usually 4-5 ) scholarly publications together with a summary, collectively bound in the form of a book. The summary should provide an introduction and an overview of the research. The length of the summary in the majority of cases is 30-70 pages. The summary should also contain a popular scientific summary in Swedish. At least two sub-component articles should normally have been published or accepted for publication in refereed academic journals or in order to receive permission to proceed to the public defence stage. The other articles can be in the form of 'submitted for publication' or alternatively in the form of a fully complete manuscript which has undergone language checking. Some of the articles which are included can be authored by several individuals; the doctoral student should however be the main author in the essential part of the thesis. For articles involving more than one author, the doctoral student's work should be presented in the summary in connection with the listing of the articles included. The background summary should include a general background to the thesis and as well as a summary, analysis and discussion of the component articles. New results which are not part of the component articles and which are relevant for the PhD project can be included in the summary. It is also important that these new results are presented in such a way that they can be reviewed in the same way as the results which are included in the sub-component papers. The background summary should be written independently by the PhD student. If the supervisor and PhD student so decide, the thesis can be designed in the form of a monograph. In a monograph, the whole research material is presented in the form of a cohesive publication, but can be divided up into smaller parts for publication in various academic journals. The doctoral thesis should normally be written in English . A thesis which has not been written in English should include an English summary. The thesis is published in the faculty's series: Malmö University Health and Society Dissertations with the serial number ISSN 1653-5383.The number of the thesis as well as a list of previous publications in the series can be obtained from the director of studies for the research training programme. An ISBN series number is reserved at the Malmö University library. To avoid legal problems involving copyright with compilation theses, publication permission should have been obtained from each respective article's publisher. The PhD student is responsible for this. In connection with the printing, the thesis should be reported to the MUEP where all publication from Malmö University is registered. Doctoral students should themselves decide to what extent the text from the thesis should be made available in the MUEP. The Faculty recommends that at least the background summary should be published in fulltext form here. The

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library will be pleased to provide assistance in the interpretation of rules for copyright and other rights. The format of the thesis should be in agreement with the graphical rules which have approved by Malmö University. The format of the thesis should be 240mm x 170mm despite the fact that 240mm x 160mm is stated in the Malmö University instructions. As the thesis is broader than the template it is designed for, the column breadth should be increased to a maximum of 12.8 cm. The reason for the increased width of doctoral theses is that reprints from published work will not need to be reduced further. The doctoral student should continuously consult the director of studies for the research training programme with regards to the format of the thesis. The doctoral student should in plenty of time obtain the published articles in electronic format. If it is not possible to do this, the printers should be contacted in plenty of time so that time can be allotted to the scanning in of the articles and to ensure that the reproductive quality is high. Another component of the thesis is a loose sheet with the title of the public defence notification. The public notice of defence title sheet should not be bound with the thesis as it should be possible to change the date for the defence following the printing of the thesis. The popular scientific summary (in Swedish) should be placed before the background summary's Acknowledgements and References. This should be written as an informative unit, completely independent of the thesis. It should be possible to publish this summary in secondary publications without any changing of the contents or editing. For this reason, first person pronouns should be avoided. Any reference to literature, diagrams or tables in the thesis should also be avoided as the summary might be read without access to the thesis itself. The faculty's information officers will be pleased to provide information about the format of the popular scientific part. Remember that the thesis will be prior reviewed in accordance with the above instructions.

The format for licentiate theses A licentiate thesis should be written as a uniform, cohesive scholarly work in the form of a monograph or a so-called compilation thesis. At the Faculty of Health and Society, a compilation thesis is the commonest alternative. The thesis is in this case made up of a total (usually 2-3 ) scholarly publications together with a background summary, collectively bound in the form of a book. The summary should provide an introduction and an overview of the research. The summary should also contain a popular scientific summary in Swedish. At least one sub-component article should normally have been published or accepted for publication in refereed academic journals or in order to receive permission to proceed to the public defence stage. The other articles can be in the form of 'submitted for publication' or alternatively in the form of a fully complete manuscript which has undergone language checking. Some of the articles which are included can be authored by several individuals; the doctoral student should however be the main author in the substantive part of the thesis. For articles involving more than one author, the doctoral student's work should be presented in the summary in connection with the listing of the articles included. The background summary should include a general background to the thesis and as well as a summary, analysis and discussion of the component articles. New results which are not part of the component articles and which are relevant for the thesis project can be included in the summary. It is also important that these new results are presented in such a way that they can be reviewed in the same way as the results which are included in the sub-component papers. The background summary should be written independently by the doctoral student.

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If the supervisor and doctoral student decide, the thesis can be designed in the form of a monograph. In a monograph, the whole research material is presented in the form of a cohesive publication, but can be divided up into smaller parts for publication in various academic journals. The doctoral thesis should normally be written in English . A thesis which has not been written in English should include an English summary. Licentiate theses are published in the Faculty's series: Malmö University Health and Society Dissertations med ISSN 1650-2337.The number of the thesis as well as a list of previous publications in the series can be obtained from the director of studies for the postgraduate research training programme. An ISBN series number is reserved at the Malmö University library. To avoid legal problems with copyright with compilation theses, publication permission should have been obtained from each respective article's publisher. The PhD student is responsible for this. In connection with the printing, the thesis should be reported to the MUEP where all publication from Malmö University is registered. Doctoral students should themselves decide to what extent the text from the thesis should be made available in the MUEP. The Faculty recommends that at least the background summary should be published in fulltext form. The library will be pleased to provide assistance in the interpretation of rules for copyright and other rights. The format of the thesis should be in agreement with the graphical rules which have approved by Malmö University. The format of the thesis should be 240mm x 170mm in accordance with the Malmö University instructions. The Malmö University's template and guidelines for theses should be used. The doctoral student should continuously consult the director of studies for the research training programme for the format of the thesis. The doctoral student should in plenty of time obtain the published articles in electronic format. If it is not possible to do this, the printers should be contacted in plenty of time so that time can be allotted to the scanning in of the articles and to ensure that the reproductive quality is high. The popular scientific summary (in Swedish) should be placed before the background summary's Acknowledgements and References. This should be written as an informative unit, completely independently of the thesis. It should be possible to publish this summary in secondary publications without any changing of the contents or editing. For this reason, first person pronouns should be avoided. Any reference to literature, diagrams or tables in the thesis should also be avoided as the summary may be read without access to the thesis itself. The Faculty's information officers will be pleased to provide information about the format of the popular scientific part. Remember that the thesis will be prior reviewed in accordance with the above instructions.

Printing of the thesis The student should contact the printers in accordance with Malmö University's agreement in plenty time before the public defence or seminar. Before a quote is obtained, the director of studies for the research training programme should review the manuscript. To limit costs for printing, colour should only be used where necessary out of consideration for understanding and clarity. Diagrams in colour should be presented on as few pages as possible. The director of studies for the research study programme will approve any pages in colour before quotations are obtained. More information can be obtained in Swedish on the following pages: http://www.mah.se/Bibliotek/E-publicering/Publicera-avhandlingi- tryckt-och-elektronisk-form/

Public notification of doctoral defence

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The formal notification of a doctoral defence involves the library receiving an agreed number of copies of thesis three weeks prior to the defence. This procedure is normally dealt with by the printers but the doctoral student is overall responsible for ensuring that the procedure is adhered to. A public notification in the traditional Luther manner is made in the foyer. The doctoral research student should thus order a copy of the thesis with a hole in the upper left corner. The dean will inscribe examples of copies of the thesis with the words ''Må spikas' (in English, may be notified) to confirm that the faculty is in support of the notification. The doctoral student will then seek an appointment with the dean for signature and a meeting prior to the defence.

Dissemination of theses The printers will ensure that copies of the thesis are sent to senior administrators and libraries at Swedish universities and higher education institutions. If the doctoral student provides a list of recipients, the printers can organize a wider dissemination of the thesis.

Public defence of doctoral thesis There are many components which make up the planning and carrying out of a public defence. It is therefore important that supervisors and the doctoral student at an early stage are informed about the regulations and what documents are required as well as contacting the director of studies for the postgraduate research training programme to discuss these various aspects.

Planning of the public defence Date of the defence The Vice-chancellor of Malmö University has delegated responsibility to the dean to decide the time and place for the public defence. The defence should take place during normal term time and the supervisor should be in agreement with the dean before the request is sent to the examining committee and opponent. FUN will appoint the faculty opponent and examining committee for the public defence. Requirements for the public defence In plenty of time prior to the public defence (at least three months prior to the set date) the principal supervisor should make a request to FUN that the doctoral student may defend his or her doctoral thesis. The request should include the following details:

• name of the doctoral student • title of the thesis • certificate of prior review • list of sub-component articles to be included (compilation thesis) • description of the doctoral student's own work • list of contents (monograph) • short summary of the doctoral thesis (maximum 200 words eg abstract in the public

notification of defence sheet) • name of supervisor • completed courses supported by transcript from LADOK • review of how the goals for the award of the doctorate have been fulfilled • proposal for opponent ( requested) • proposal for 3 members together with one reserve for the examining committee

(requested) • contact information for examining committee members

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• comments with regards to any possible disqualification for the above persons • date and time for the public defence (with the approval of the dean) • proposal for the time for public notification of the defence in the foyer (with the approval

of the dean) Faculty examiner, examining committee and chairman of the defence The dean or person appointed by the dean as his / her deputy is the chairman of the public defence. The faculty opponent should hold a doctorate and have good knowledge of the research area in question. Members of the examining committee should have associate professor level of expertise or the equivalent. A maximum of four proposed members of the examining committee may come from the Faculty of Health and Society and a maximum of two from Malmö University. The opponent will receive a fee of SEK 8000 and a foreign opponent or foreign member of an examining committee will receive an additional allowance of SEK 2500. Booking of lecture theatre and conference room Prior to the decision on the date for the defence, the doctoral student will book the lecture theatre for the public defence as well as the U104 conference room for the discussions of the examining committee. Communication with the faculty examiner and examining committee The chancellery will send a letter to the persons appointed and inform them of the remuneration involved. In addition the chancellery will take up any queries and doubts regarding the thesis. Otherwise the principal supervisor will maintain contact and deal with the hosting of the visitors. The doctoral student should send the thesis to the examining committee and the opponent as soon as the thesis has been printed. This must be done at least three weeks prior to the defence. On request, they should receive a copy of the printed manuscript. Otherwise the doctoral student should not have any independent contact with the examining committee and opponent prior to the defence. The chairman of the examining committee usually convenes the examining committee, opponent and supervisor for a few moments prior to the public defence.

Costs All costs in connection with the public defence and printing of the thesis will be borne by the university department / unit in question. An extra funding of SEK 50 000 will be awarded from the faculty Funding.

Information about the defence The Faculty's information officers will provide internal and external information about the public defence. The doctoral student should contact the information officers in plenty of time and provide them with both a scholarly and popular scientific summary.

The public defence

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The public defence itself is opened by the chairman. The respondent is first given the opportunity for any possible clarifications (printing errors etc). The thesis is then presented ( approx 30 minutes). The presentation is usually done by the opponent but it has become more common that respondents are provided with the opportunity to make the presentation themselves. Another possibility is that the opponent presents the research area and the respondent ( the doctoral student) presents the thesis. Following presentation there is a discussion between opponent and respondent. The examining committee and members of the audience then have the opportunity to ask questions and express opinions. There are no time limits on the discussion and the opportunity to ask questions. Immediately after the defence, the examining committee will meet. The doctoral student is responsible for ensuring that copies of the thesis are available for participants in the discussion. The examining committee meeting In addition to members of the examining committee (not suppliants), the opponent, supervisor and chairman of the defence participate as adjunct members at the meeting. The chairman of the defence (the dean) will begin the meeting through initiating the choice of chairman of the meeting. The members of the examining committee participate in the decision. The other persons present participate to answer questions and make clarifications. Only light refreshments are served in order to reduce the wait for the decision. The chancellery is responsible for this provision. Following the meeting of the examining committee there will be an opportunity for the principal supervisor to invite the doctoral student, examining committee, opponent, all supervisors and the chairman to lunch or some other suitable dinner. While waiting for the decision from the examining committee The Chancellery will ensure that light refreshments are served while waiting for the decision of the examining committee.

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Licentiate seminar The licentiate thesis should be orally defended at a public seminar. In plenty of time before the licentiate seminar, the principal supervisor should make a formal request to FUN that the doctoral student may have the opportunity to defend their licentiate thesis. The request should include the following information:

• name of doctoral student • title of thesis • statement that prior review has been carried out • list of sub-component articles (compilation thesis) • table of contents (monograph) • short summary of the thesis (max 200 words) • name of supervisors • successfully completed courses with verification in the form of LADOK transcripts

review of how the goals for the licentiate degree have been fulfilled • proposal for 3 members as well as one reserve in the examining committee (requested) • proposal for chairman of the examining committee • proposal for chairman of the seminar • contact information for members of the examining committee • comments regarding any disqualification objections for the above persons. • date and time for the seminar

FUN will appoint an examining committee as well as chairman of the seminar It is up to the doctoral student to ensure that copies of the thesis have been sent to the chairman and members of the examining committee at least three weeks prior to the licentiate seminar taking place as well as the faculty's information officers so that information about the seminar can be advertised in plenty of time. A sufficient number of copies should be available at the faculty both before and at the seminar which should be provided by the doctoral student. The seminar will begin by the doctoral student presenting the thesis (30-45 minutes) after which the examining committee's members will put questions and express opinions. Members of the audience may also ask questions. Even though an opponent has not been appointed it is usual that the chairman of the examining committee should have the main responsibility for the public discussion and examination. Following the defence, the examining committee will meet to evaluate the contents of the thesis and the licentiate student's ability to present and discuss their results with the grade of either pass or fail. The supervisors and chairman of the seminar will be co-opted for this committee. Before a decision is made on the date for the seminar, the doctoral student will book suitable rooms for the seminar and the examining committee's meeting. If necessary the doctoral student will contact technician's for a review of equipment available prior to the seminar.

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All costs in connection with the licentiate seminar and printing of the thesis will be borne by the administrative body concerned. An extra funding requirement of SEK 25,000 will be awarded from the faculty funding appropriation.

Degrees and degree certificates Degree certificates for the doctorate and licentiate degrees are issued by the chancellery of the Faculty. Application for the degree certificate should be made by the doctoral student following approval at the defence or approved seminar. Courses making up the programme should also be finished. The Vice-chancellor has approved the following degree titles for the Faculty of Health and Society.

• Licentiate Degree in Medical Science- Licentiat i medicinsk vetenskap • Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Science (PhD)- Doktor i medicinsk vetenskap

For research students with the relevant undergraduate background, the following degrees can be awarded upon specific request and following approval by the dean:

• Licentiate of Philosophy- Filosofie licentiat • Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) - Filosofie doktor • Doctor of Philosophy in Science (PhD) - Teknologie doktor • Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Science (PhD)- Medicine doktor

Conferral of doctorate All persons who have successfully completed their doctoral degrees during the previous academic year are offered the opportunity to participate in the doctoral degree conferral ceremony ( part of the Malmö University academic ceremony) which is normally organized in September. The doctoral insignia (doctoral ring, doctor's hat and diploma) are then conferred as the outward sign of doctoral achievement, the highest award which the Swedish academic world can make. The doctor's hat is obligatory for the conferral ceremony. One can either buy their own or alternatively borrow a doctor's hat. The faculty has no special doctoral ring but instead makes use of general rings for medical faculties. There is no special requirement to wear a ring. A ring can given only symbolically with a conferral ceremony. However doctors who have decided to buy a ring can order a ring in connection with the conferral ceremony. The diploma is printed with the Malmö University insignia and is awarded at the conferral ceremony.

Career after the degree Following the successful completion of the doctoral degree you will have the opportunity to continue with an academic career or alternatively look for career opportunities outside of the academic world. The academic route normally means that following your doctorate you need to compete with other researchers with regards to posts or finance your work through external research funding. It is

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seen to be important that an academic career is preceded by a shorter or longer postdoctoral residency at a foreign higher education institution or alternatively at another university in Sweden. Following further acquisition of research merits, complemented with pedagogical skills and expertise, you can apply to be admitted as an unpaid associate professor. This is a title which shows that you are an independent researcher who can supervise doctoral students on your own but as does not convey any special benefits as the title shows in the form of a post.