Postdoc Data Collected by NCSES

Postdoc Data Collected by NCSES

Emilda B. Rivers

The National Academy of Sciences Postdoc Committee Meeting

October 3, 2011

National Science FoundationNational Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)

www.nsf.gov/statistics1

Today’s Discussion

The National Center for Science andEngineering Statistics (NCSES)

NCSES Education and Workforce Surveys

NCSES Research and Development Surveys

Postdoc Data from NCSES Surveys

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The National Center for Science andEngineering Statistics (NCSES)

As part of the America Competes Act of 2010, signed on December 6, 2011 NCSES was created

NCSES is one of the few named “entities” in NSF with stated responsibilities

NCSES carries with it the responsibilities of the Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) as well as new responsibilities

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SRS NCSESFederal statistical agency within NSF Federal statistical agency within NSF

Clearinghouse mandate - health and status of the U.S. Science and Engineering (S&E) enterprise

Clearinghouse mandate – collection, interpretation, analysis and dissemination of objective data on research and development

Disseminate information Collect, acquire, analyze, report and disseminate data related to the science and engineering enterprise in the United States and other nations

Conduct surveys and & synthesize data ‘’

Promote gathering of comparable international data ‘’

Data to be collected includes: • research and development trends• science and engineering workforce• United States competitiveness in science, engineering, technology, and research and development

Comparison of SRS and NCSES

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Comparison of SRS and NCSES

SRS NCSESThe condition and progress of United States STEM education

Support research on NCSES data and methodologies related to data collection, analysis and dissemination

NCSES/SRS Database Institute Support education and training of researchers in the use of long-scale nationally representative data sets e.g. those collected by NCSES

Produce the biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report for the NSB

Produce for the biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report for the NSB

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Surveys of Individuals

Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)

Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)

National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)

National Survey of Recent College Graduates (RCG)

Education and Workforce Surveys

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Surveys of InstitutionsSurvey on Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in

Science and Engineering (GSS)

ECDS, the Early Career Doctorate Survey A survey of individual doctorates who received their

doctorate, doctorate-equivalent, or doctorate-equivalent professional degree within the past 10 years (upcoming survey)

Education and Workforce Surveys

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Surveys of Institutions/Organizations

Higher Education Research and Development Survey (HERD, formerly Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges)

Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development

Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges and Nonprofit Institutions

Research and Development Surveys

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Surveys of Institutions/Organizations

Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS, formerly Survey of Industrial Research and Development)

Survey of State Government R&D

Research and Development Surveys

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National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)

The NSCG is a biennial survey of college-educated U.S. residents educated or employed in an S&E field

S&E fields• Computer and mathematical sciences• Life sciences• Physical sciences• Social sciences• Engineering• S&E-related (Health, S&E teaching)

2003 NSCG response rate: 73 percent10

Selected Survey Items on the NSCG

• Gender• Race/ethnicity• Citizenship• Disability

Demographics

• Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award)• Current employment (employer, field, work activities)• Work experiences (publications, patents, training)

Educational Information

• Current employer (location, industry, size)• Position (academic (postdoc) vs. non-academic)• Job details (salary, work activities, start date)• Other (job satisfaction, relationship to degree)

Occupational Information

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NSCG Postdoc QuestionWas your principal employer an educational institution?Mark (X) one

1. Yes

2. No

(If Yes) What type of academic position did you hold at this institution?

Mark (X) all that apply1. President, Provost, or Chancellor

2. Dean, department head, or chair

3. Research faculty, scientist, associate, or fellow

4. Teaching faculty

5. Adjunct faculty

6. Postdoc (e.g., postdoctoral fellow or associate)

7. Research assistant

8. Teaching assistant

9. Other12

Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)

SED is an annual census of all new research doctorate recipients from accredited U.S. academic institutions

Research Doctorate

• Requires an original contribution of knowledge to the field (typically a dissertation); and

• Is not primarily intended for the practice of a profession (e.g., M.D., D.D.S., J.D., Psy.D, D.Min., Pharm.D.)

2010 Response rate: 92 percent13

Selected Survey Items on the SED

• Gender• Race/ethnicity• Citizenship at time of doctorate

Demographics

• Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award)• Financial support• Education-related debt

Educational History

• Definite commitments for next year (Y/N)• Employment vs. postdoc• Sector of employment• Location of employment• Starting Salary

Postgraduation Plans

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SED Postdoc* QuestionsWhat best describes your postgraduate plans (within the next year)?

Mark (X) one

1. “Postdoc” or further training

2. Employment

What best describes the nature of your further training or study?

Mark (X) one

1. “Postdoc” fellowship

2. “Postdoc” research associateship

3. Traineeship

4. Internship, clinical residency

5. Other Training – specify

* Postdoc is defined on the SED as “. . . A temporary position primarily for gaining additional education and training in research, usually awarded in academe, industry, government, or a non-profit organization.”

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Relationships AmongSED Postgraduation Plans Data

NewDoctorateRecipient

No definite commitmentsin coming year (at time of survey)

Definite commitmentsin coming year

Definite commitmentsfor postdoc

Definite commitmentsfor employment

Employment sector

AcademeIndustryGovernmentOther

U.S location

Foreign locationPostgrad location

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SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates

New Doctorate Recipients with Definite Commitments for Postdoc by Field of Study: 2000–09

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NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a postdoc in the coming year.


New Postdoc Rate by Field of Study: 2000–09

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NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a postdoc position in the coming year. This figure includes only new doctorate recipients who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents.


New Postdoc Rateby Race/Ethnicity and Field of Study: 2009

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New Postdocs with Position in Academeby Field of Study: 2004–09

NOTE: New postdocs with position in academe is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for postdoc who are committed to positions in academic institutions.

SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates 20

NOTE: New postdocs in U.S. is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for postdoc who are committed to positions located in the U.S. Includes only temporary visa holders with doctorates from U.S. universities.


New Postdocs in U.S. on Temporary Visas by Field of Study: 2000–09

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Biennial longitudinal survey of individuals from the SED

Research doctorates in science, engineering, or health (SEH) fields

Followed through age 75

2008 Response rate: 81 percent

Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)

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Selected Survey Items on the SDR

• Citizenship status• Marital status• Age

Demographics

• Degrees• Field of study• Year of degree award

Recent Educational Experiences

• Occupation• Sector of employment• Postdoc status• Work activities• Salary

Employment

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SDR Postdoc Questions

What was the title of the principal job you held during the week of [survey reference week]?

Was this job a “postdoc”?

A “postdoc” is a temporary position awarded in academe, industry, a non-profit organization, or government primarily for gaining additional education and training in research.

Yes No

(If Yes) What were your reasons for taking this postdoc?

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Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by citizenship status and sex: 2006 & 2008

April 2006 October 2008

Count Percent Count Percent

Total on Postdoc 29,890 100.0% 27,300 100.0%

Citizenship

U.S. citizen 18,260 61.1% 16,700 61.2%

Non-U.S. citizen 11,630 38.9% 10,500 38.5%

Sex

Male 17,790 59.5% 16,200 59.3%

Female 12,100 40.5% 11,000 40.3%NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.

SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients 25

Employed doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by sex: 2006 & 2008

NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.

SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients

Employed full time or part time April 2006 October 2008


Males

Total employed 438,900 100.0% 451,300 100.0%

Postdocs 17,790 4.1% 16,200 3.6%

Females

Total employed 182,730 100.0% 199,900 100.0%

Postdocs 12,100 6.6% 11,000 5.5%

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SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients

Postdoc status of doctoral scientists and engineers, by years since doctorate and broad field of doctorate: 2008

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Field Count Percent

Total in postdoc 27,300 100.0%

Science 23,600 86.4%

Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences 14,900 54.6%

Computer/information sciences 300 1.1%

Mathematics/statistics 600 2.2%

Physical sciences 5,100 18.7%

Psychology 2,200 8.1%

Social sciences 500 1.8%

Engineering 3,000 11.0%

Health 700 2.6%

Doctoral scientists and engineers employed as postdocs, by field of doctorate: 2008

NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 100. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.


Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by employment sector: 2006 & 2008

Employment sector April 2006 October 2008


All sectors 29,890 100.0% 27,300 100.0%

Educational institutions 23,600 79.0% 18,200 66.7%

Business/industry 3,780 12.6% 5,600 20.5%

Government 2,500 8.4% 3,500 12.8%

NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.


Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in S&E (GSS)

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Postdoc Data from the GSS

Demographics

Largest Source of Support

Mechanism of Support

Doctoral Degree Type

Origin of Doctoral Degree

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Distribution of Postdocs in S&E

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Female Share of Postdocs in S&E

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Foreign Postdocs in S&E Proportion of postdocs in science and engineering fields with temporary visas: 1989–2009

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Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers

(FFRDC Survey)

Annual census survey of all FFRDCs from NSF’s Master Government List and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program

2010 survey

• 39 FFRDCs

• NIH’s Intramural Research Program

Response Rate: 100%35

Postdoc Data from the FFRDC Survey

Postdoc definition

Demographics

Sex

Citizenship Status

Financial Support

Field of Research

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Postdocs at FFRDCs

NOTE: FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008

SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010

Administration Type Total Number of Postdocs

2007 (n=22 FFRDCs)

2009 (n=23 FFRDCs)

2010(n=22 FFRDCs)

All Types 2,235 100% 2,449 100% 3,011 100%

University-administered FFRDCs 825 37% 1,022 42% 1,234 41%

Nonprofit-administered FFRDCs 443 20% 557 23% 719 24%

Industry-administered FFRDCs 967 43% 870 36% 1,058 35%

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Postdocs at FFRDCs by Source of Support and Citizenship

Source of Support

Federal Nonfederal

All postdocs

Total Federal

U.S. Citizens &

Permanent Residents

Temporary visa

holders

Total Non-

federal

U.S. citizens &

permanent residents

Temporary visa

holders

2007 2,235 2,030 837 1,193 205 62 143

2009 2,449 2,258 770 1,124 181 52 42

2010 3,011 2,541 1,032 1,509 184 64 120

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NOTE: FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008


Postdocs at NIH Intramural Research Program by Source of Support and Citizenship

Source of Support

Federal Nonfederal

All postdocs

Total Federal

U.S. Citizens &

Permanent Residents

Temporary visa

holders

Total Non-

federal

U.S. citizens &

permanent residents

Temporary visa

holders

2007 3,367 3,250 1,302 1,948 117 12 105

2009 3,635 3,550 1,491 2,059 85 2 83

2010 3,539 3,497 1,558 1,939 42 3 39

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NOTE: Data were not collected in 2008


Early Career Doctorate Study (ECD)

Fill gaps in data from current NCSES surveys, including GSS, SED, and SDR

Collect information from ECD holders, including postdocs, about their characteristics, experiences, and outcomes

• Education• Professional activities• Employer demographics• Professional and personal life balance• Training and research opportunities• Career paths and plans

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ECD

2012 Pilot study of individual ECDs in the Academic and Government employment sectors• GSS eligibile institutions • FFRDCs• NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP)

Develop frame for employment sectors

2013 full-scale data collection of the individual ECDs in the Academic and Government sectors

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Higher Education R&D Survey (HERD)

Census of all universities and colleges with minimum of $150,000 in R&D spending (N = 725 in FY 2009)

Conducted annually from FY 1972–2009 as the Survey of R&D Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, expanded and renamed Higher Education R&D Survey for FY 2010

Voluntary (response rates regularly over 95%)

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HERD

Collects expenditures for all separately budgeted R&D performed at institutions during previous FY

Data published at the institution level, public release of FY 2010 data expected in late 2011/early 2012

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HERD• Expenditures by source of funding and field of R&D

• Character of work (basic research, applied research, or development)

• Amount expended on research equipment, by R&D field

• Amount passed through to subrecipients or received as a subrecipient

• R&D expenditures with funds from foreign sources

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HERD• R&D expenditures within a medical school

• Federal and nonfederal clinical trial R&D expenditures

• R&D expenditures from ARRA awards

• Specific cost elements of R&D expenditures (salaries, software, equipment, etc.)

• Number of personnel and postdocs paid from R&D accounts

FY 2010 requested number of postdocs paid from salaries and wages included in total R&D expenditures reported

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HERD Postdoc Definition

1. Holds a recent doctorate awarded within the last 5 years• PhD or equivalent degree such as an ScD or DEng or

first professional degree in a medical or related field (MD, DDS,DO, DVM) or

• Foreign degree equivalent to a U.S. doctoral degree

2. Has a limited-term appointment, no more than 5–7 years• Primarily for training in research or scholarship; and• Working under the supervision of a senior scholar in a

unit affiliated with institution

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John Finamore, NSCG: 703-292-2258, [email protected]

Mark Fiegener, SED: 703-292-4622, [email protected]

Lynn Milan, SDR: 703-292-2275, [email protected]

Kelly Kang, GSS: 703-292-7796, [email protected]

Kelly Phou, ECDS: 703-292-4722, [email protected]

Ronda Britt, HERD: 703-292-7765, [email protected]

NCSES Contact Information

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mailto:[email protected]






Documents

Postdoc Data Collected by NCSES