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Post WWI- Pre WWII. Ms. Selvaggio. Paris Peace Conference. Held at the Palace at Versailles beginning January 8, 1919. 32 countries were represented, but major decisions were made by a group known as The Big Four Germany and Russia were NOT represented. The Big Four. From left to right… - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Post WWI- Pre WWIIPost WWI- Pre WWII
Ms. SelvaggioMs. Selvaggio
Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference
Held at the Palace at Versailles beginning January 8, 1919.
32 countries were represented, but major decisions were made by a group known as The Big Four
Germany and Russia were NOT represented
Held at the Palace at Versailles beginning January 8, 1919.
32 countries were represented, but major decisions were made by a group known as The Big Four
Germany and Russia were NOT represented
The Big FourThe Big Four
From left to right… Great Britain’s David
Lloyd George Italy’s Vittorio
Orlando France’s Georges
Clemenceau U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson
From left to right… Great Britain’s David
Lloyd George Italy’s Vittorio
Orlando France’s Georges
Clemenceau U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson
The big four each wanted very different things
GB anf Fr. wanted to punish Germany harshly
U.S. wanted peace. President Wilson proposed a plan known as the Fourteen Points. Point # 14 called for the creation of an association
of nations to protect “great and small states alike”- an organization that could peacefully negotiate world conflicts
The big four each wanted very different things
GB anf Fr. wanted to punish Germany harshly
U.S. wanted peace. President Wilson proposed a plan known as the Fourteen Points. Point # 14 called for the creation of an association
of nations to protect “great and small states alike”- an organization that could peacefully negotiate world conflicts
Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919
Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919
Major points of the treaty were: Creation of the League of Nations
basically this was Wilson’s 14th point. It is an international peace org. designed to keep peace among nations-Russia and Germany were excluded.
Major points of the treaty were: Creation of the League of Nations
basically this was Wilson’s 14th point. It is an international peace org. designed to keep peace among nations-Russia and Germany were excluded.
Article 231, the “war guilt” clauseArticle 231, the “war guilt” clause
Placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany’s shoulders
Ger. had to pay heavy reparations (money) They lost pieces of land/colonies Had the size of their army limited
Placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany’s shoulders
Ger. had to pay heavy reparations (money) They lost pieces of land/colonies Had the size of their army limited
The Legacy of WWIThe Legacy of WWI
The bitterness left over from the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles, coupled with serious economic trouble in Europe and the U.S. would help to create the atmosphere to stage WWII.
The bitterness left over from the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles, coupled with serious economic trouble in Europe and the U.S. would help to create the atmosphere to stage WWII.
Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic
The government that took over in Ger. after WWI- it was weak from the start.
This government was blamed for the way Germany was treated after WWI and the major economic problems that Germany faced
The government that took over in Ger. after WWI- it was weak from the start.
This government was blamed for the way Germany was treated after WWI and the major economic problems that Germany faced
Because of the war guilt clause, the amount of money that Germany had to pay to the allied nations was placing them in debt. Had to borrow tons of money from the U.S. Printed more and more paper money (marks).
Because of this over-printing, the mark became worthless. i.e. price of bread in Ger. in 1918: less than one
mark. In 1922: more than 160. In 1923: about 200 billion
Because of the war guilt clause, the amount of money that Germany had to pay to the allied nations was placing them in debt. Had to borrow tons of money from the U.S. Printed more and more paper money (marks).
Because of this over-printing, the mark became worthless. i.e. price of bread in Ger. in 1918: less than one
mark. In 1922: more than 160. In 1923: about 200 billion
German marks lose their valueGerman marks lose their value
A woman uses piles of German marks to burn in her furnace for heat.
A woman uses piles of German marks to burn in her furnace for heat.
Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929 U.S. stock market
crashes but has a major impact on the whole world…
U.S. investors pull money out of overseas projects
Banks who gave loans to European nations ask for their money back
U.S. demand for foreign goods took a sharp decline.
U.S. stock market crashes but has a major impact on the whole world…
U.S. investors pull money out of overseas projects
Banks who gave loans to European nations ask for their money back
U.S. demand for foreign goods took a sharp decline.
1931- Depression Spreads to Europe1931- Depression Spreads to Europe
U.S. Banks ask Germany and Austria for their money (from loans)
Germany and Austria can’t pay the reparations of the treaty to France and Britain.
France and Britain could not pay war loans back to America
U.S. Banks ask Germany and Austria for their money (from loans)
Germany and Austria can’t pay the reparations of the treaty to France and Britain.
France and Britain could not pay war loans back to America
By 1932- unemployment at 25% in U.S. 30% in Germany France & Britain forced their colonies (in
Africa & India) to buy only their products World Trade dropped by 62%
By 1932- unemployment at 25% in U.S. 30% in Germany France & Britain forced their colonies (in
Africa & India) to buy only their products World Trade dropped by 62%
The Rise of Fascism in EuropeThe Rise of Fascism in Europe
Fascism - emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader.
Though many democratic governments (U.S., GB, Fr.) stayed strong during the depression, many Europeans lost faith in this type of gov.
Fascism - emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader.
Though many democratic governments (U.S., GB, Fr.) stayed strong during the depression, many Europeans lost faith in this type of gov.
The militant political movement, Fascism, became popular because Fascist leaders
promised to…
The militant political movement, Fascism, became popular because Fascist leaders
promised to… Punish the people responsible for hard
times Restore national pride
But mostly they promised to… Pull their countries out of economic
depression
Punish the people responsible for hard times
Restore national pride
But mostly they promised to… Pull their countries out of economic
depression
Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini
A newspaper editor/politician that promised these things for Italy
Founded the fascist party there in 1919
A newspaper editor/politician that promised these things for Italy
Founded the fascist party there in 1919
In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched to Rome to demand that the king put Mussolini in power. The King agreed and allowed him to form a
legal government
As “Il Duce” (the leader) he abolished democracy and all other political parties except the fascists.
In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched to Rome to demand that the king put Mussolini in power. The King agreed and allowed him to form a
legal government
As “Il Duce” (the leader) he abolished democracy and all other political parties except the fascists.
Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler
At the End of WWI a former German soldier named Adolf Hitler settled in Munich.
Joined a group who believed that the Treaty of Versailles should be overturned and that communism should be combated.
This group called themselves…
At the End of WWI a former German soldier named Adolf Hitler settled in Munich.
Joined a group who believed that the Treaty of Versailles should be overturned and that communism should be combated.
This group called themselves…
National Socialist German Workers PartyNazi for short
National Socialist German Workers PartyNazi for short
Nazism was basically German fascism They were popular among the middle and lower
classes Nazis promised jobs jobs for all
Popular among land owners They feared communism
Nazism was basically German fascism They were popular among the middle and lower
classes Nazis promised jobs jobs for all
Popular among land owners They feared communism
The SwastikaThe Swastika
Hindus, Buddhists, Native American Tribe
-symbol of good-luck or well-being, but…
Because of its use by the Nazi party, it has a negative meaning in many western cultures.
Hindus, Buddhists, Native American Tribe
-symbol of good-luck or well-being, but…
Because of its use by the Nazi party, it has a negative meaning in many western cultures.
Hitler’s skills as public speaker and organizer helped the Nazis gain power.
Copying Mussolini, the Nazis wanted to sieze power in Munich, 1923
Hitler’s skills as public speaker and organizer helped the Nazis gain power.
Copying Mussolini, the Nazis wanted to sieze power in Munich, 1923
Beer Hall PutschBeer Hall Putsch
Hitler and the Nazis made their move on Munich in November of 1923, but things didn’t go so well Hitler was arrested and tried for treason
Sentenced to 5 years Served less than 9 months During his time in prison, he wrote a book…
Hitler and the Nazis made their move on Munich in November of 1923, but things didn’t go so well Hitler was arrested and tried for treason
Sentenced to 5 years Served less than 9 months During his time in prison, he wrote a book…
Mein KampfMein Kampf
Means “My Struggle”
Used the book to express his ideas and goals for Germany
It became a blueprint for the Nazi party
People, at first, did not take him, his book or ideas seriously
Means “My Struggle”
Used the book to express his ideas and goals for Germany
It became a blueprint for the Nazi party
People, at first, did not take him, his book or ideas seriously
Nazi BeliefsNazi Beliefs
They hated the communists
Germans, especially “blond & blue-eyed” were “aryans” or the “master race” Germans, Scandinavians, Britons
Non-aryans, i.e. Italian, French, Slavs, Gypsies only fit to be slaves for the master race
Reserved most intense hatred for Jews
They hated the communists
Germans, especially “blond & blue-eyed” were “aryans” or the “master race” Germans, Scandinavians, Britons
Non-aryans, i.e. Italian, French, Slavs, Gypsies only fit to be slaves for the master race
Reserved most intense hatred for Jews
The Treaty of Versailles was a slap in the face to Germany and needed to be overturned
Wanted to retake the lands that were once German. Poland
Germany needed more “lebensraum” (living space) invade and conquer Eastern Europe and Russia.
The Treaty of Versailles was a slap in the face to Germany and needed to be overturned
Wanted to retake the lands that were once German. Poland
Germany needed more “lebensraum” (living space) invade and conquer Eastern Europe and Russia.
Germany had been making a small comeback , so most Germans ignored Hitler and his extreme politics. Then the depression hit… America stops loaning money and the German
economy collapses Factories and banks close 30% (about 6 million people) of the German
workforce are unemployed in 1932
Scared, they turn to Hitler for security and strong leadership.
Germany had been making a small comeback , so most Germans ignored Hitler and his extreme politics. Then the depression hit… America stops loaning money and the German
economy collapses Factories and banks close 30% (about 6 million people) of the German
workforce are unemployed in 1932
Scared, they turn to Hitler for security and strong leadership.
Hitler was made Chancellor in March 1933
1934: Hitler made himself “der Fuhrer”- “The
Leader” Refers to Germany as the “Third Reich”
-“Third Empire”
Hitler was made Chancellor in March 1933
1934: Hitler made himself “der Fuhrer”- “The
Leader” Refers to Germany as the “Third Reich”
-“Third Empire”
Nazis implemented public works projects Increased business Lowered unemployment
Urged women to return to “Kinder, Kirche, Kuche” (Children, Church, & the Kitchen)
Took away some of people’s liberties People thought that it was ok as long as their
economy was ok
Nazis implemented public works projects Increased business Lowered unemployment
Urged women to return to “Kinder, Kirche, Kuche” (Children, Church, & the Kitchen)
Took away some of people’s liberties People thought that it was ok as long as their
economy was ok
Essential QuestionEssential Question
Should the needs of society outweigh the rights of the individual?
Should the needs of society outweigh the rights of the individual?