Positioning Used Tyres as a Major Fuel Source Synthesis

8/11/2019 Positioning Used Tyres as a Major Fuel Source Synthesis

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ALIAPUR - DR


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Copyright Aliapur 2009

CONTENTS

Context of the study

The Aliapur approach Sampling protocol Analysis methods Results reference values Conclusion


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CONTEXT ELT have been used in cement works

for many years (elimination +recovery of the calorific value)

Empirical knowledge concerning: their energy potential, their environmental impact

(emissions without consequenceson fume treatment systems).

ALIAPUR - DR


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CONTEXT 2003: foundation of ALIAPUR structuring of the sector

accessibility to large, guaranteed volumes, standardisation of deliveries (format, cut quality, nature), management of ELT as a genuine raw material.

evolut ion f r om a r andom syst em t o a cont r ol led syst em.

A L I A P U R -

D R


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CONTEXT

To be able to use ELT at a larger scale, industrialists must havedata that are: reliable,

measured on the products delivered, approved in the context of the Plan d'Utilisation des Quotas

(quota utilisation plan).

2005: Al i apur commit s t o an appr oach posi t ioning ELT as a t r adi t ionalsoli d f uel source.

Coal Petroleum coke Shredded ELT


7/19Copyright Aliapur 2009

THE ALIAPUR APPROACH

3 years of work in partnershipwith recognised serviceproviders: BRGM, SGS, CTTM,

BETA, LRCPP, STRATENE.

Implementation of diversifiedand complementary skills in:

geological and mining research, sampling methods, laboratory processes, monitoring and control of production, environmental studies

BRGM(Orlans)

SGS (Paris)

CTTM (Le Mans)

STRATENE (Lyon)

BETA (Florida)

LRCPP (Vitry)



THE ALIAPUR APPROACH

Products analysed: shredded tyres from PC (Passenger Car) batches, shredded tyres from truck batches.

Parameters studied: NCV, carbon %, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen content, sulphur, chlorine, fluorine, bromine

content, content in 10 major elements

(Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti and Zn),

content in 16 minor elements(Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V),

evaluation of the biomass fraction.

Trigone60 t

Henry Recyclage1 550 t

Norvalo2 500 t

Gilles Henry50 t

Eurec Environnement25 t

Granulatex250 t

Eurec250 t Ecoval

2 300 t

SAMPLING SITES



SAMPLING PROTOCOL THE CONSTRAINTS

The representativity of the samples in relation to thesignificant volume of ELT used (0.12 t to produce 1t of clinker)

T he sample st udied must be repr esent at iv e of t he het erogeneit y

of t he ELT maki ng up t he del iv ery f or a w eek, a pr oduct ioncampaign or a bar ge load

ALIAPUR - DR



The representativity of the samplesin terms of structure

ELT = composi t es of composi t es(elastomers + metals + textile fibres)

considerable compositionheterogeneity at the microscopicscale.

T he sampl e st udied (1mg) must ber epr esent a t ive of t he microscopichet er ogenei t y of t he ELT.

SAMPLING PROTOCOL THE CONTSTRAINTS

1. Sheet of synthetic rubber that is veryair-tight

2. Carcass ply.3. Side filler

4. Beads

5. Sidewall

6. Crown ply

7. Tread



SAMPLING PROTOCOL THE METHOD

Special precautions at each stage of the sampling processand preparation prior to analysis



ANALYSIS METHODS

Analysis methods adaptedto the different phases of ELT(elastomers, textiles, metal).

Def i ni t i on by ALIAPUR of af ul l analysis pr ot ocol r ecognised by t he CEN/ T C 343 w or kgroup and in t egr a t ed in t o i t s p rogramme f or edi t ing European st andards.

A

L I A P U R -

D R



ANALYSIS METHODS

The special case of biomass Methods for determining the amount

of natural rubber up until now notadapted to recycled materials,

Lack of reliability, much bias andfluctuating results.

Ali apur s innovat i ve useof an or ig inal and accurat emet hod, w hich is recognisedi n t he USA, and i s ba sedon measuri ng t he C 14 / C 12 r a t i o(fossil carbon / natural carbon)*

*(ADTMD 6866 08 method)



THE RESULTS REFERENCE VALUES

Considerable stability in the parameters measured

Despi t e t he het erogeneit y of t heir micr oscopi c composi t ion,ELT ar e a homogenous pr oduct i n t er ms of usage.

Passenger Car ELT Truck ELT

Min Max Average Min Max Average

NCV (MJ/kg) 29.5 30.6 30.2 26.1 26.7 26.4

Carbon 67.5% 70.1% 69.0% 59.7% 62.6% 61.1%

Biomass 17.0% 20.3% 18.3% 28.6% 29.7% 29.1%

Sulphur 1.2% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.6% 1.4%

Iron 11.0% 12.0% 11.5% 25.0% 27.0% 26.0%

Hydrogen 6.0% 6.3% 6.2% 5.3% 5.6% 5.5%

Oxygen 3.3% 3.8% 3.5% 1.5% 2.2% 1.8%Silica 1.5% 1.9% 1.7% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4%

Zinc 1.3% 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 1.8% 1.5%



Passenger car ELT Truck ELT Coal Petroleum coke

NCV (MJ/kg) 30.2 26.4 26.0 32.0

Carbon 69.0% 61.1% 64.0% - 68.0% 84.0% - 97.0%


A high calorific value comparable with that of coal and coke

Price per barrel ($US)

Evolution of crude oil in New York


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A low sulphur concentration without consequence on fumetreatment systems

Products sensitive to trace presence

Passenger car ELT Truck ELT Coal Petroleum coke

Sulphur 1.3% 1.4% 1.3% 0.2% - 6.0%

Passenger cars Trucks

Nickel (Ni), 0.002% 0.002 to 0.003 %

Vanadium (V) < 0.0007 % < 0.0007 %Mercury (Hg) < 0.0003 % < 0.0003 %

HALOGENSBromine (Br) 0.02 % to 0.03% 0.04 to 0.06%Chlorine (Cl) 0.02 % to 0.03% 0.01 to 0.04%

Fluorine (Fl) < 0.002 % < 0.002 %


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A significant reduction in the taxes on CO 2 emissions linkedto combustion thanks to the biomass fraction

to produce 1t of clinker

a t 15/ t o f CO 2 t ha t r epr esent s a saving of 0 . 88/ t of cl i nker

pr oduced f or use of ELT at ar ound 50%

FE Passenger car ELT Truck ELT Coal Petroleum coket CO2 /TJ 59 43 90-95 * 96*-110t CO2 /t 1.8 1.1 2.5 3.1

* For coal and coke, the values go only as far as 31/03/2008

Fuel mix Fuel fluxEmissions

CO2 / t clinkerReduction*

100% petroleum coke 0.10 t coke 314 kg100% coal 0.13 t coal 317 kg

100% Passenger car tyres 0.11 t PC ELT 194 kg-38%100% Truck tyres 0.12 t Truck ELT 142 kg -55%

100% ELT(70% PC + 30% Truck) 0.11 t tyres 174 kg -45%

50% coke +50% PC ELT 0.05 t coke + 0.05 t PC ELT 255 kg -19%

* In relation to the average value for 100% coke or 100% coal


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CONCLUSION Thanks to the work carried out by ALIAPUR, industrialists

and authorities now have measured and reliable data for:

using ELT in optimal safety and profitability conditions, valorising their biomass fraction in the context of the PNAQ, continuing their writing of texts for standards.

All t he element s have now b een r euni t ed, a l l owi ng ust o aff i r m t hat ELT ar e equival ent t o maj or f uel sour ces.


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CONCLUSION ELT are no longer waste materials, but instead take their

rightful place amongst other fuel sources with:

positive economic results: energy potential, reduction in eco-taxes, availability and quality of the products delivered.

positive ecological results: substituting a recycled product for a new product, savings in fossil fuels, limited environmental impact, subject to the regulations governing pollutants and controlled as such.

Documents

Positioning Used Tyres as a Major Fuel Source Synthesis