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Cláudia Marques-dos-Santos Cordovil

Portuguese strategy to comply with theNitrates and the Ceilings Directives

NitroPortugal - Strengthening Portuguese research and innovation capacities in the field of excess reactive nitrogen

H2020 EU Project n° 692331

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NITRATES DIRECTIVEDirective 91/676/CEE, 12 December

Transposition to the Portuguese law - DL n.º 235/97, changed in 1999 - DL 68/99

Definition of the NVZ and Action programmes (AP)

1991

1997 + 1999

1997 - 2012

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Implementation area

9 NVZ in Portugal Mainland

4.5% of the total territory of

Portuguese mainland

401,106 ha

Tagus NVZ alone covers

~243,000 ha

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Who is involved?

1 - Farmers 2 - Administration

DGADRINIAV, IP APA, IPDRAPS

Agriculture Environment

LOCAL REGIONAL NATIONAL

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Farmers Public administration

INIAV IP

Water monitoring

(MA)

Report to EC

DGADR APA IP

Participation

in the nitrates

commitee

Every 4 y

reportingInformation to

EU

NVZ

definition

DRAP

SupportDissemination

DRAPCoordination

CTADN

Tasks:

Dissemination

and coordination

of AP

National monitoring of the AP in each NVZ

INIAV IPDRAP

DGADRINIAV IPDRAP

APA IPDGADRINIAV IPDRAP

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Main gaps identified

• Innadequate measures that apply for all the NVZ

• Different measures for diferente NVZ needed

• Measures do not apply to portuguese conditionsin some parts of the country

• Although N balances are good at national level, there are many hotspots of N surplus

• No link so far with pollution swapping water/air

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• Sets national 2020 and 2030 emission reductioncommitments for Member States and the EU for five important air pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOx),

non-methane volatile organic compounds(NMVOCs),

sulphur dioxide (SO2),

ammonia (NH3)

fine particulate matter (PM2.5)

Directive 2016/228

National Emission Ceilings Directive (NEC)

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Requirements

• Member States draw up National Air Pollution Control Programmes to the successful implementation of Air Quality Directive.

• Importance of Member States regularly reporting air pollutant emission inventories – assessing progress in reducing air pollution

– evaluate whether Member States are in compliancewith their commitments.

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NEC and the LRTAP

2020 target reductions for Portugal (from 2005 values)

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Emissions and reduction commitments

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• Given the persistant problema of air qualityrelated to PM10, O3 and NO2 especially in urbanareas.

• Following the 2013 revision of the EU strategyfor air quality, Portugal launched the NationalStrategy for Air in 2016 (ENAR 2020) to improve air quality, human health protection andecosystems preservation.

• ENAR 2020 favours a holistic approach

Portuguese actions

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Problems detected by ENAR 2020

Non compliance of air quality requirements

Gaps in information and knowledge

Difficult articulation at gouvernance

Need to focus on policy developments to integrate air quality andemissions

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Strategy

Action axes• Knowledge and

Information;

• Sector Initiatives for

– Atmospheric emissions;

– Research & Development;

– Governance.

Domains• Industry

• Transports

• Agriculture

• Residential

• Commercial

Responsible entities• APA Ministry of environment

• CCDR Ministry of agriculture

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Working groups involvedjoint action of climate and air quality

• Given the synergies between climate change and airquality the monitoring of the implementation of policyand sectorial measures for air quality will be donethrough the National Policy and Measures System(SPeM)

• Policy coordination is ensured by na Interministerial comission for air and climate change (CIAAC)

• SPeM is required by the Strategic framework for climatepolicy (QEPiC) that, in a joint action with The National System for the Estimation of Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks of. Air Pollutants (SNIERPA), willevaluate progress in the compliance with LRTAP requirements

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Air quality database

• Online database for air quality (QUALAR) allowsdaily monitoring.

• Data is made available by the Portuguese environmental agency (APA) according to information from the Regional developmentcoordination commissions (CCDR).

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QualAr – daily monitoring4th October 8th October

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Air quality monitoring stations

NO2 NH3

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Emissions inventory system

• SNIERPA – National System for the Estimation of Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks of Air Pollutants

– Calculates the amounts of pollutants at nationallevel and verifies the compliance to commitementstaken by Portugal.

– Namely regarding national ceillings of air polutantsemissions.

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What APA says

• The PNCPA (national plan for atmosphericpolution control) states that for agriculture:

The UNECE Fram Code and BAT should be used

Control measures for NH3 emission

Control measures for PM2.5 and black carbon

Consider the impacts on micro and small farms

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Compliance perspectives

• Unlikely compliance - O3, in 2020, in some Centre and North areas

• Uncertain compliance - NO2, in 2020, in some urbanareas

• Uncertain compliance - PM10 in Porto and Aveiro urban áreas. Probable compliance for the remainingterritory

• Probable compliance - PM2,5 and SO2 in 2020

• No information for the NH3 target

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What does agriculture say?ENAAC – joint strategy

National strategy for climate change adaptation

Cities andterritoryplaning

Waterresources

Security ofpeople and

goods

Energy andindustry

Tourism

Human health

Agriculture, forest andFisheries

Coastal areas Biodiversity

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Agri-AdaPT 2020

• GT-AGRI-Sectorial working group under thecoordination of GPP (policy and planing bureau) andDGADR (directorate general for agriculture and rural development) both of the ministry of agriculture.

• 4 Sub groups

SG I - Water

SG II - Knowledge

SG III – Production (F Code)

SG IV - Knowledge transfer

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Approach for the development of the national NH3 emission reduction code, as required in the

Ceillings Directive/Goth protocol

The final living document will be produced by sectors (sections)• Fertilization• Animal effluents management• Animal housing and feeding• Nitrogen managementStrong connection among the diferent environmentcompartmentsMeasures must be objective and measurable

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Current code

• Code for good practices in agriculture

o Last version before amendment Nov 1997 (according to the Nitrates Directive 1991, transposed to the portuguese Decree 235/1997)

o Current amended version Feb 2018

Amendments

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NAC adaptation needs• NAC easy to interpret and use by the farmers• Correlation with the Code of good practice• Adaptation investment support• Technical support• Machinery acquisition support• New subsidies in the CAP to adapt the new recomendations for

NH3 reduction measures

Further developments

R&D indicators Cost benefit analysis of measures proposed

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Portuguese version of the Framework Code for good agricultural practice for

reducing ammonia emissions

• Translation under revision• Publication in pdf and hard cover• Launch 15th November 2018 at ISA – School of Agronomy,

University of Lisbon