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Adapted from Lesser Known Protostome Phyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey. Porifera. Cnidaria. Ctenophora. Platyhelminthes. Gastrotricha. Gnathostomulida. Cycliophora. Rotifera. Annelida. Mollusca. Sipuncula. Nemertea. Bryozoa. Brachiopoda. Phoronida. Arthropoda. Onychophora. Tardigrada. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PoriferaPoriferaPoriferaPorifera
CycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophora
CnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophora
SipunculaSipunculaSipunculaSipunculaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelida
OnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraTardigradaTardigradaTardigradaTardigrada
BryozoaBryozoaBryozoaBryozoa
PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
NemerteaNemerteaNemerteaNemertea
RotiferaRotiferaRotiferaRotifera
GnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotricha
NematodaNematodaNematodaNematodaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorpha
PriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoricifera
PhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopoda
EchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermata
ChordataChordataChordataChordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordata
ArthropodaArthropodaArthropodaArthropoda
Adapted from Lesser Known ProtostomeAdapted from Lesser Known ProtostomePhyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey. Phyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey.
Tardigrada: “water bears”
• First discovered in 1773• 800 spp• 0.1-0.5mm in length• Widespread• Live in semi aquatic habitats, water film• Cryptobiotic, some are cyclomorphic
– Temp range from +149C to -272C, withstand high vacuum, high UV, long periods without O2
– Dessication for > 120 years: back to life in hours
Tardigrada
• Metameric body plan• Toes on each leg with intrinsic
musculature (cf onychophoryans)• Walk with muscles, not with hydrostatic
skeleton• Oral stylets pierce plant cell walls
– Diets specialized for predation, herbivory, detritivory
• Internal fertilization, shed cuticle with eggs
PoriferaPoriferaPoriferaPorifera
CycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophora
CnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophora
SipunculaSipunculaSipunculaSipunculaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelida
OnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraTardigradaTardigradaTardigradaTardigrada
BryozoaBryozoaBryozoaBryozoa
PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
NemerteaNemerteaNemerteaNemertea
RotiferaRotiferaRotiferaRotifera
GnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotricha
NematodaNematodaNematodaNematodaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorpha
PriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoricifera
PhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopoda
EchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermata
ChordataChordataChordataChordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordata
ArthropodaArthropodaArthropodaArthropoda
Adapted from Lesser Known ProtostomeAdapted from Lesser Known ProtostomePhyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey. Phyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey.
Onychophorans: velvet worms
Onychophorans
• Discovered in 1826• 110 spp, 5mm-15 cm• Extant spp all terrestrial
– Humid habitats only– Cuticle thin (no Ca), permeable
• 13-43 pairs of sac-like legs• Metameric
– little tagmatization– little cephalization
• Annelid/arthropod link– Head ~ polychaete
Oral “slime” papillae
• Predaceous
• Spray adhesive goo from slime glands (modified nephridia) to entangle prey
• Gas exchange by trachea, spiracles– Not homologous to arthropod trachea
• Reproduction:– Ovoparity, viviparity, ovoviviparity
Echinodermata
Ciliophora
Chordata
Mollusca
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
PoriferaAnnelida
Other
Apicomplex
Sarcomastigophora
Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda
• Arthro = joint, poda = feet– Refers to hard, chitinous exoskeleton
• “Terrestrialized” annelid body plan• Metameric• Tagmatized:
– head, thorax, abdomen – cephalothorax, abdomen– prosoma, opisthosoma
• Cephalized– Compound eyes, antennae (mechano- &
chemosensory)
Crustaceamorph stem linePrecambrian (>542 mya)
Paleozoic (542-251 mya)
Mesozoic (251-65 mya)
Cenozoic (65-present)
Tril
obita
Che
licer
ata
Myr
iapo
daH
exap
oda
Modern crustaceaP. Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda• Subphylum Trilobita• SubPhylum Chelicerata
– Class Merostomata – horseshoe crabs– Class Arachnida – spiders, ticks– Class Pycnogonida – sea spiders
• Subphylum Hexapoda– Class Entognatha– Class Insecta …!!
• SubPhylum Crustacea– 6 subclasses
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobita
• Common 500 mya (4000 spp) but extinct by 225 mya
• Each body segment had a biramous appendage (inner for walking)
• 3 body tagma
• Compound eyes with ommatidia
Subphylum Chelicerata
• Include spiders and mites and daddy LL, scorpions, horseshoe crabs
• Lack antennae
• 1st pair of appendages on the prosoma = the chelicerae (adapted for feeding)
Class Merostomata• 4 spp, all marine
• Not true crabs (i.e., not crustaceans)
• head + thorax = prosoma or cephalothorax
• appendages of opisthosoma flattened to become “book gills” for gas exchange
Telson