Population Gajendra - Copy

8/8/2019 Population Gajendra - Copy

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By Gajendra Singh

MPhil-Ph.D IInd Sem.


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Content

Population Growth

Growth in different Nations

Effects Relation of Population, Poverty and

Environment


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Population Growth

Increase in the number ofpeople who inhabit

a territory or state.

Sourcewordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn


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Current Population Status


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Cont


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Cont..


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World Population Growth


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World Population Projection

Estimated topeak at 11 billion in 2200


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Population Variation Among Various

Nations


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Asia

Bangladesh Bangladesh remains a developing nation, in part due to its large

population, Its per capita income in 2006 was US$2300, comparedto the world average of $10,200.

Recent (2005-2007) estimates of Bangladesh's population rangefrom 142 to 159 million, making it the 7th most populous nation in

the world. With a land area of 143,998 square kilometers thepopulation density is remarkable. Bangladesh the highestpopulation density in the world.

Bangladesh's population growth was among the highest in theworld in the 1960s and 1970s, when the country grew from 50 to90 million people, but with the promotion of birth control in the

1980s, the growth rate slowed. The total fertility rate is now 3.1children per woman, compared with 6.2 three decades ago.

Bangladesh remains among the poorest nations in the world. Manypeople are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-proneland. Nearly halfof the population lives on less than 1 US$ per day.


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India

Although India occupies only 2.4% of the

world's land area, it supports over 15% of the

world's population.

Population of 1,139.96 million (2009) and

growing at 10-14% annually (from 2001

2007).

Most of the population is still living below the

National Poverty Line.


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TheWorld Bank estimates that India is ranked 2nd in the world of the number of

children suffering from malnutrition, after Bangladesh (in 1998), where 47% of the

children exhibit a degree of malnutrition.

Density ofpopulation is increasing day by day.


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North America

United States

Americans constitute approximately 5% of theworld's population, but consume about 25% of

the world's resources. including approximately26% of the world's energy. The United Statesholds around 25% of the worlds known oilreserves.

Generates approximately 30% of the worldswaste. The average American's impact on theenvironment is approximately 250 times greaterthan the average Sub-Saharan Africans.


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PAT Formula

Population (size, growth, density and distribution)

interacts in multiplicative way with other factors, such

as levels of consumption and technology, to have

impacts on the environment.

I=P *A * T

product ofpopulation size (P), the level of affluence or per capita consumption (A),and the level of technology (T)

Total environmental impacts (I)


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California

The region's population is expected to reach22 million by 2020, 28 million in 2035, and 33

million in 2050.

The population ofCalifornia continues to growby more than a half million a year and is

expected to reach 48 million in 2030.

Water shortage issues.

Energy-expensive water desalination to solve

this problem.


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Some other Nations of America

Petn region

The Petn region, located in the northern part ofGuatemala, is a population-environment hot spot. Covering

a third of the country, the area suffers from high rates ofdeforestation and increasing migration.

Haiti

Fertility rate in Haiti is 4.86 lifetime births per woman (2007est.)

Losing Forest region.


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Africa

Nigeria

Uganda

Sudan

Zimbabwe

Kenya


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Nigeria

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. The 2006 census gave a populationof 140 million and Nigeria's population is projected to increase twofold to 289million by 2050.

According to the United Nations, Nigeria has been undergoing explosivepopulation growth and one of the highest growth and fertility rates in the world.

Health, health care, and general living conditions in Nigeria are poor. Lifeexpectancy is 47 years (average male/female) and just over half the populationhas access topotable water and appropriate sanitation .

Nigeria, like many developing countries, suffers from a polio crisis as well as

cholera, malaria, and sleeping sickness.

Between 1990 and 2005, the Nigeria lost 79% of its old-growth forests.

Nigeria is losing 1,355 square miles (3,510 km2) of rangeland and cropland todesertification each year. About 35 million people in northern Nigeria are currentlysuffering from the effects of desertification


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Uganda

Population will have increased 21-fold in 100

years and 34-fold in 150 years. Uganda

currently has one of the fastest-growing, mostfertile, and youngest populations in the world,

with a population growth rate of 3.6% per year,

a fertility rate of 6.8 children per woman CIA

World Fact book.


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Europe

Europe is the world's second-smallest continentin terms of area, covering about10,180,000 square kilometers (3,930,000 sq mi)

or 2.0% of the Earth's surface. The only continentsmaller than Europe is Australia.

It is the third most populous continent (after Asiaand Africa) with a population of 728,000,000 or

about 11% of the world's population. Of thecontinents, Europe ranks second in populationdensity.


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Global Problems Associated with

Population

Economic /Poverty/Hunger

Health

Environmental

Political


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If the world were 100 people

51 male 49 female

60 Asians, 14 Africans, 12 Europeans, 8 Latin Americans, 5 from USA and Canada 1 from the South Pacific

82 nonwhite 18 white

67 non-Christian 33 be Christian

(Source: Family Care Foundation)


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80 live in substandardhousing

67 unable to read

50 malnourished 1 dying of starvation

33 without access to safewater supply

39 lack access to improved

sanitation 24 have no electricity

Most of the 76 with electricityuse it only for light at night



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7 have access to the internet

1 has a college education

1 has HIV

2 near birth 1 near death

5 control 32% of the entire

worlds wealth

All 5 U.S. citizens

33 attempt to live on 3% of

global income


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Food Production in Sub Saharan Africa not keeping upwith population.


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Economic Conflicts

For Accessing Naturalrecourses .

Conflict over the

Biological diversity, vitalfor the medicinal pointofview between bio-rich and advancecountry.

Water and riverConflicts


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Male Poverty/Children force/InfantMortality


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Malnutrition

Most of the South Asian

Countries

African Countries

Due to Hunger, less

cropland.


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Diseases

The UN estimates that 2.1million Indian childrendie before reaching the

age of 5 every year four every minute -mostly frompreventable illnessessuch as diarrhea,

typhoid, malaria,measles andpneumonia.


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AIDS

40 million people infectedwith HIV Many will die of AIDS

Will not greatly impact globalpopulation growth

Will Impact some countries

Losses by 2020:

Uganda 45% Rwanda 35%

Malawi 30%

Malawi AIDS orphans


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Environmental Problems


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Population and the environment.


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Global-carrying capacity

Global-carrying capacity is defined as the maximum human population that the

earth can support indefinitely on a specific resource base, using a specific level of

technology.

Capacity of natural systems toprovide food and energy.

Amount of greenhouse gases that accumulate in the atmosphere without

triggering irreversible climatic changes.

Amount of fresh water available to support humans, other animals andplants

Fish stocks, Fish Stocks.


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Mitigation measures

Birth regulations

FamilyPlanning

One child Policy Education

Government Rules and Supports


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Global Fertility

1950s: 5children/woman

1970s: 4

children/woman 1990s: 2.8

children/woman

Replacement:

2.1children/woman


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Thanks

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Population Gajendra - Copy