Population

Population pyramid

Pop DistributionQuestions

1. Describe the population distribution in ‘your continent’

2. How is the world pop distributed on Earth?

Hint: Text pg10-11

Keywords

DENSELY populated ,

SPARSELY populated,

MODERATELY populated

Pop Density = Total Pop (No of people)Area (km )2

Important!

Class activity B1. Calculate the pop density in your

continents using the area as ‘1 chair = 1 sq km’

2. Determine if your pop density is (a) Densely populated(b) Moderately populated(c) Sparsely populated

And justify (explain) why

Text page 11

*Factors Relief, Climate, Soil, Mineral resources, vegetation

Industry, Agriculture, Commerce, Transport, Politics, Religion

Factors affecting Pop DensityText page 12 & 13

Physical factors Human & Economic factors

Definition Natural features of the Earth

Decisions made by people (System of trade to bring in $)

*Factors that leads to high density

Flat land, High temperate and rainfall

Stable government, Good railway system, Banking sector (jobs), farming

Countries Africa (Low), Antarctica (Low)

Singapore, Hong Kong (High)

Important!

Life expectancy Average no of yrs person can expect to live

World Pop Growth Text pg 9

Qn: So what is natural decrease?Ans: BR is less than DR

Birth Rate (BR) No. of live births per 1000 people in 1 year

Death Rate (DR) No. of deaths per 1000 people in 1 year

Natural Increase

BR - DR

Zero Pop Growth

BR = DR

Infant mortality rate

Total no of deaths in 1 yr for infant under 1 yrs old for every 1000 live birth

World population growth1. High Rate of Increase• High BR + High DR• Although DR is high,

there is still a high increase because no. of BIRTHS > DEATHS

2. Low Rate of Increase• Low BR + Low DR• No of births are insufficient

High BR

High DR

Low BR

Low DR

Case study

Country China SingaporeType of development Less developed country Developed countryRate of pop growth High Low

Character A BName Zhang Jie Jennifer TanAge 33 30Occupation Farmer AccountantFinancial Status Not stable (Depends on crops output) Stable and well paidNumber of family members 10 (1 wife, 7 children, 2 parents) 2 parents (not married)Religion Buddhist (Belief forbids contraceptives) Free thinkerSocial / Culture Favors boys High cost of living

CAUSES - 208

Imagine that you are the character above. Suggest reasons that you have caused your country to have a high or low pop growth. Hint (Text book 17 & 23)

Students Zhiyu and Si kai, Sock Hwee and Claudia, Jeszmin and Regina

Zikri and Yun qiao, Dexuan and Gjorn, Shaoqi and Wenwei

A. Causes of HIGH rate of pop growth

High BREarly marriagesChildren as wealthLack knowledge

on birth controlPreference for

male childrenReligious beliefs

High DRLacking health

care services (Results in high infant mortality rate)

Malnutrition

e.g. China, India, South AmericaNewspaper – needle

in girl brain

B. Causes of LOW rate of pop growth

Low BRSuccessful family

planning programmes

Economic development

Late marriagesPrefer smaller

familiesHigh cost of living

Low DRMedical

advancementHealthy living

e.g. Singapore, Japan, Canada, Sweden

Newspaper : Singapore pop pyramid


Character C DName Zhang Jia Jessica TanOccupation Reporter of 'The Beijing Times' Reporter of 'The Hougang Times'Economy Unemployment Decreasing workforceSocial issues Lack of services and education Ageing populationOthers Overcrowding Lowering productivity

CONSEQUENCES - 208

Imagine that you are the reporter above. Describe the situation that your country is in right now. Hint (Text book 17 & 23)

Students Shuhui and James, Wendy and Ghim Boon, Bryan and Joshua

Meici and Chee Yong, Jonathon and Yiwei, Jordon and Ming Hwee

Consequences

C. High pop growthOvercrowdingPovertyShortage of foodPressure on social

servicesUnemployment &

social problems

D. Low pop growthAgeing popDecreasing

workforce (has to support more elderly)

Lower productivityNeeds more

medical and social services

RESPONSE/SOLUTION - 208

Imagine that you are the government minister above. Explain the policy that you have planned in response to the problem in your country. Hint (Text book 19 & 23)


Character E FName Zhang Ji Jeslyn TanOccupation Government Minister Government MinisterPolicy One child policy Have 2 or moreEconomy Create more jobs Tax rebate, attract foreignersSocial Family planning Encourage marriage

Students Geraldine and Weiting, Nina and Bella, Sally and Denise, Amerlyn and Priscillia

Youngji and Iris, Kelvin and Weiming, Jun Hong and Jocelyn, Nabihah and Blessance, Gim Long and June

Response / Solution

E. High pop growthChinaEconomic

development strategies

Birth control & family planning

Education$ incentives

F. Low pop growthSingaporeEncourage

marriageTax rebateInfant care

subsidy eg baby bonus

Text pg 27

Population Pyramid

Old

Young

Working pop

Important!

Expanding, Triangle ShapeBroad base, Narrow apex(top)High BR & DRShort life expectancy

Contracting, Beehive shapeContracting base, Large apexLow BR & DRLong life expectancy

Population Pyramid

All types of pyramid

Changing pyramid shape

Changes in 10 years

Changes for male and females in 1975 & 2005

Population PyramidLDC DC

Important!

Population pyramid MCQ1. The population pyramid of country A suggests that the country should spend much of its income on

A Conservation B Military Defense C School Education D Road Transport E Flats for retired people

Ans = C

•LDC has high % of young children, so should focus on the education development

•The other needs are more prioritized in a DC

2. Which of the following statement is true of Country A?

A There is a rapid rate of population growthB There is high male immigrationC There is higher life expectancy for femalesD Most of the population are over 50 years of age

Ans = A

•LDC = high pop growth, DC = low pop growth

•Male and female pop are almost balanced

•Life expectancy = expected no of yrs of life (at a given age)

•LDC has high DR, so low % of pop are over 50 yrs

3. Which of the following best describes Country B?

A Low birth rate, low death rate, decreasing populationB Low birth rate, high death rate, increasing population C High birth rate, high death rate, decreasing populationD High birth rate, low death rate, no change in

population Ans = A

•DC = Low BR & DR

•LDC = High BR & DR

•Natural increase = BR - DR

4. For Country A and B, the ‘dependent’ population is represented by

A Males & females aged 0-14 B Males & females aged 65 and aboveC Males & females aged 0-14 and above 65 D Males & females aged 15-64

Ans = C

•Dependent population = people who are not working and relies on working pop

•Young dependents = 0-14

•Old dependents = 65 and above

•Include both males and females

5. How does the population of Country A differ from the population of Country B?

A It has a higher birth rateB It has a higher life expectancyC It has a smaller dependent populationD It has more males than females

Ans = A

•LDC has high BR and DR

•LDC has lower life expectancy because people do not live as long

•LDC has higher dependent population (more young & old)

•Males and females are almost balanced from diagram

Additional questions

1. What is the total number of people on Earth today?

2. List the top 5 countries with the most number of people.

3. Are there more girls or boys on earth ?

Additional questions1. What is the total number of people on Earth today?

Ans: 6.8 million

2. List the top 5 countries with the most number of people.Ans: China (1.3b), India (1.17b), US (0.3b), Indonesia (0.25b), Brazil (0.2b)

3. Are there more girls or boys on earth ?Ans: More girls (live longer)

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Population