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The FKW CO Earth Heat Pipe as
FKW Research Center for Refrigeration and Heat Pumps, Hannover, Germany
The FKW CO2 Earth Heat Pipe asEarth Probe for Geothermal Heat Pumps
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. H. KruseFKW Research Centre of Refrigeration and Heat PumpsFKW Research Centre of Refrigeration and Heat Pumps
Weidendamm 12-14, 30167 Hannover, Germany
EU Workshop, Brussels28 .05 .2008
Content
Seasonal Performance Factor SPF f G d S H t P ith B i E th P bof Ground Source Heat Pumps with Brine Earth Probes.
EU Project for improving Ground Source Heat Pumps for higher Efficiencies and Temperatures.
Improving Borehole Heat Exchangers by applying thethermodynamic principle of a Thermosyphon Heat Pipe.
Prsentation 25.05.03 2
Summary
Study and EU Project GROUND HIT show that it is possible to achieve reasonable high SPF with HFC-refrigerants by application of the earth-to-water system.
Ground Source heat pumps as developed by GROUND HIT
3
Ground Source heat pumps as developed by GROUND HIT offer a good basis for further improvements by optimizing the
Bore Hole Heat Exchanger BHE .
Improvement of Bore Hole Exchanger
- Conventional:Brine Earth ProbeBrine Earth Probewith water-glycol or water-salt solutionsGround Water Endangering Class 1, Germany: (WG1)
- Innovative:CO2 Earth Heat Pipe 2 pCarbon Dioxide: not ground water endangering (WG -)
- Improvement: Energy and Environment:- Air and Ground Water
Brine Earth Probe and CO2 Earth Heat Pipe
X PolyethyleneU-type tubeU-type tube Brine Earth Probe
X Corrugated stainless steel singlesteel single tube CO2 Heat Pipe
X Thermosyhon principle
Installation of the Heat Pipe Head in a Subsurface Shaft
An easy installation in the standard shaft ( 120 cm)
being outside in the open area in the subsoil under the new building
Swiss Study on Geothermal Heat Pumps Seasonal Performance Factors (BfE 2004)
Prsentation 25.05.03 7
Innovative FKW CO2- Earth Heat Pipe
CO2-Heatpipe (EWR) consists of
Pipe (to 300 m length) Coil and Shell Heat Exchanger(Adjusted to the EHP heat extraction)
German Patent No. 198 60 328A1, Registered Design No. 012040141
Corrugated Stainless Steel Pipe
X Spirally groovedfl ibl i i
X Liquid film in thei i b tflexible pipe is
best suited for aneven distributionof the downwardflowing liquid filmat the inner wall
inner grooves is bestprotected against theshear stress fromthe upward flowingvapour in the core ofthe pipe preventingat the inner wall
circumference.the pipe, preventingentrainment effects.
9
Inserting a Stainless Steel Pipe into the Borehole
10
Experimental Comparison of CO2 Earth Heat Pipe and Brine Earth Probe
11
Field Test in Berlin Earth Heat Pipe and Brine Earth Probe
CO2 Heat Pipe Head Heat Pump Compressors and Condensers Brine Tube Head
T e m p e r a t u r e n z w is c h e n 3 u n d 6 U h r in C
0
V e r s u c h : 0 4 . 0 6 .0 5 0 U h r - 0 6 . 0 6 . 0 5 0 U h r D a t e n d e r K l t e a n la g e a n d e r 1 0 0 m la n g e n S o l e - S o n d e
3 0
3 5
4 0
3 0
3 5
4 0
R 4 0 7 C - V e r d a m p f u n g s t e m p . d e r S o le s o n d e S o le - E in t r i t t s t e m p e r a tu r in d i e E r d eR 4 0 7 C - V e r d a m p f u n g s t e m p . d e r C O 2 - S o n d e C O 2 - E in t r i t t s te m p e r a t u r in d i e E r d eA u e n t e m p e r a t u r F l s s ig k e i t v o r A K V ( R 4 0 7 C )
F l s s ig k e i t v o r A K V
Temperatures in the Refrigerant Cycle and at the outside Wall of the CO2 Heat Pipe depending on time and borehole depth
T e m p e r a tu r e s o n t h e o u ts id e w a l l o f t h e e a r t h p r o b e
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
Teuf
e in
m
- 2 0
- 1 5
- 1 0
- 5
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
0 6 1 2 1 8 2 4 3 0 3 6 4 2 4 8
Z e i t [ h h ]
Tem
pera
tur [
C]
- 2 0
- 1 5
- 1 0
- 5
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
R 4 0 7 C - V e r d a m p f u n g s te m p e r a t u r d e r C O 2 - S o n d e
R 4 0 7 C - V e r d a m p f u n g s t e m p e r a t u r d e r S o le s o n d e
S o le - E in t r i t t s t e m p . in d ie E r d e
C O 2 - E in t r i t t s t e m p . in d ie E r d e
A u e n t e m p e r a t u r
T e m p e r a tu r e n a n d e r A u e n w a n d d e s E rd w r m e ro h re s4 4
8 0
9 0
1 0 0-4-3-2-101234
R o h r w a n d t e m p e r a tu r in C
- 4
- 3
- 2
- 1
0
1
2
3
4
0 6 1 2 1 8 2 4 3 0 3 6 4 2 4 8
Z e it [h h ]
Tem
pera
tur [
C]
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
E r d te m p . b e i 4 0 m
R o h r t e m p . b e i 4 0 m
R o h r te m p . b e i 5 0 mR o h r t e m p . b e i 1 0 m
R o h r te m p . b e i 3 0 mR o h r te m p . b e i 9 0 m
R o h r te m p . b e i 8 0 m
13
Period Brine Inlet
Evaporating
Condensing Temp. tc
Heat extraction
CO2Inlet
Evaporating Temp. to
Cond. Temp. tc
Heat extraction
Results of Measurements at the Brine and the CO2 probe
Temp [C]
Temp. toR407C [C]* at
dew line
R407C [C]* at dew line
rate of brine earth probe
[W/m]
Temp. [C]
R407C [C]* at dew line
R407C [C]* at
dew line
rate of CO2 earth probe
[W/m]
20.-23.5.05: 60 h - - - - -1.4 -6.4 44.4 56.5
1.-2.6.05: 24 h - - - - -3.3 -8.3 26.9 60.4
4.-6.6.05: 48 h -1.4 -13.9 37.6 42.4 -3.9 -9.1 37.5 60.0
7.-8.6.05: 18 h -0.5 -13.5 51.9 43.4 -3.6 -8.8 51.0 61.7
Temperatures at the CO2 Heat Pipe and the Brine Earth Probe
Test Results and calculated COP Values of the Brine Earth Probe and the CO2 Earth Heat Pipe at
different Heat Extraction Rates
System tB1 tB2 tB i t t COP COPh t tE th Q lSystem tB1 tB2 tBrine to tc COPc COPh tom tEarth Qo l
[oC] [oC] [K] [oC] [oC] - - [K] [K] [W/m] m
Brine -1.4 +0.2 1.6 -13.9 37.6 2.81 3.81 13.3 12.3 42.4 100
CO2 -3.9 -3.9 0 -9.1 37.5 3.23 4.23 5.2 15.4 60 100
CO2 +0.6 +0.6 0 -4.6 37.5 3.71 4.71 5.2 10.9 42.4 100
Conclusion
CO2 Heat Pipe with an equal heat pump leads to adifferent heat extraction rate of 60 W/m as thedifferent heat extraction rate of 60 W/m as theBrine Earth Probe with 42,4 W/m.Heating COP is 11% better for the CO2 EHP( No brine pump power has been taken into consideration)
CO2 Heat Pipe at an equal heat extraction rate as theBrine Earth Probe of 50 W/m results in anHeating COP of 25% better than the BEP.( No brine power pump has been taken into consideration )
Pilot Systems with FKW-CO2 Heat Pipes in Germany and Austria 2005 - 2007
Location Type of heat pumpHeating capacity
Length of the heat pipe Cooling capacity Sub soil Start upheat pump capacity heat pipe
Schriesheim Hoval DV8P 8,5 KW 1 x 100m 6,6 KW silt/rock 15.09.05
Bad Knig Hoval DV7P 5,5 KW 1 x 80m 4,3 KW silt/rock 18.10.05
Crailsheim Hoval DV15P 15 KW 2 x 100m 12 KW lime stone 24.10.05
Emsbach Hoval DV8P 8,5 KW 1 x 100m 6,6 KW lime stone 15.04.06
Nordheim/Heilbronn Hoval DV8P 8,5 KW 1 x 100m 6,6 KW silt/lime stone 15.10.06
Ludwigshafen Hoval DV8P 8,5 KW 1 x 100m 6,6 KW sand/groundwater 10.11.06
Kappelrodeck/Achern Hoval DV7P 5,5 KW 1 x 80m 4,3 KW silt/rock ?
Eppingen/Richen Schrag 8,5 KW 1 x 100m 6,6 KW silt/rock 05.07
Bammental Hoval 8,5 KW 1 x 100m 6,6 KW silt 11. 07.
Waldburg(A) Ochsner ? 1 x 100m ? ? ?
Scheme of Heat Pump with CO2 Heat Pipe in Schriesheim
First Pilot Heat Pump with CO2 Heat Pipe in Schriesheim
Hoval heat pump: Inside construction of the heat pump without evaporator
I t ll ti f th tInstallation of the evaporator as a probe head in the norm shaft
Research and Development
FKW Research Project
R&D:
- Comparison of a CO2 Heat Pipe with Brine Earth Probe
- Experience with inserting stainless Steel Heat Pipe into pe e ce t se t g sta ess Stee eat pe toBore Hole
- Development of Heat Pipe HX and Compact Heat Pump
Drilling Work forEarth Probes Testfield at FKW
100m Stainless Steel Pipefor CO2 BHE
Inserting the Heat Pipeinto the Borehole
Shaft with the Connection Canalto the Building
An easy installation in the
Installation of the Heat Pipe Head in the Shaft
An easy installation in the standard shaft ( 120 cm)
being outside in the open area in the subsoil under the new buildingbuilding
X FFfff
FKW Basement and Parking lot with 3 different Earth Probes
Wrmepumpen-
LaborForschungssonde
DN80 100m
SolesondeDoppel U-Rohr DN32 100m
Heat Pipe
Laboratory Research Earth Probe
DN 80 100m
Brine Earth ProbeDouble U-PipeDN 32 100m
27
Heizung
CO2 - ErdwrmerohrDN32 100m
Heating
CO2 Earth ProbeDN32 - 100m
Demonstration Chamber for theCO2- and Brine Heat Pump
Heat Pumps for CO2- and Brine BHE
Research Project: (ENBW+EDF)First Deep CO2 Heat Pipe
X Research Project in Triberg/ BlackforestP i i lX Principle:
One House One Borehole
CO2 heat pipe of 250 meter depth
Capacity: 18 kW
X Heat Pump for Existing BuildingsViessmann EVI- HP (65C)
Research Project: (EnBW+EDF)First Deep CO2 Heat Pipe
Research Partners
EIFER (European Institute for Energy Research) Systherma Planungsbro fr Erdwrmesyteme GmbH Kaeltro Kltetechnik Angewandte Geologie Karlsruhe (University Karlsruhe)
FKW F h f Kl d W h ik FKW- Forschungszentrum fr Klte- und Wrmepumpentechnik
Triberg BlackforestDrilling Place
250 m CO2- Earth Heat Pipe
Upper End of the Heat Pipe with Measurement Installation
Research: FKW and Information: IZW
Forschungs-zentrum fr Kltetechnik und Wrmepumpen GmbH
Informations-zentrumWrmepumpen und Kltetechnik e.V.GmbH