Polymers and Plastics.....Simranjeet Singh... Roll. No.16.... Reg No.7440070016

8/8/2019 Polymers and Plastics.....Simranjeet Singh... Roll. No.16.... Reg No.7440070016

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BIOPOLYMERSAND

BIOPLASTICS

Simranjeet Singh

B.Tech(Hons.) Bio Tech-MBA



WHAT ARE BIOPOLYMERS

AND BIOPLASTICS?

Biopolymers are polymers which are

present in, or created by, living

organisms. These include the

molecules from renewable resources

that can be polymerized to create

bioplastics.

Bioplastics are plastics

manufactured using biopolymers, andare biodegradable.



Types of Biopolymers

There are two main types

of biopolymers:

1. That come from living

organisms.

2. That come from

renewable resourcesbut need to be

polymerized.



Biopolymers From Living

Organisms

Biopolymer Natural Source What is it?

Cellulose Wood, cotton, corn, wheat, and

others

This polymer is made up of

glucose. It is the main component

of plant cell walls.

Soy protein Soybeans Protein which naturally occurs in

the soy plant.

Starch Corn, potatoes, wheat, tapioca,

and others

This polymer is one way

carbohydrates are stored in plant

tissue. It is a polymer made up of glucose. It is not found in animal

tissues.

Polyesters Bacteria These polyesters are created

through naturally occurring

chemical reactions that are carried

out by certain types of bacteria.



Polymerizable Molecules

Biopolymer Natural Source What is it?

Lactic Acid Beets, corn, potatoes, and others Produced through fermentation of

sugar feed stocks, such as beets,

and by converting starch in corn,

potatoes, or other starch sources.

It is polymerized to produce

polylactic acid -- a polymer that is

used to produce plastic.

Triglycerides Vegetable oils Vegetable oils are one possiblesource of triglycerides that can be

polymerized into plastics.



How are Biopolymers and

Bioplastics Made?

1. U sing Fermentation

to Produce Polymer-

Bacterial Polyester

Fermentation- using

Ralstonia eutropha

Lactic Acid

Fermentation



2. Growing Plastics in Plants -v ia

genetic engineering



Why Bioplastic?

These days plastics are predominantly madefrom crude oil

In this context, renewable resources are

becoming a more viable and promisingalternative for the plastics industry

When plastics made from petroleum are burned,they release the carbon dioxide contained in thepetroleum into the atmosphere, leading to global

warming. The use of bioplastics offers significant

advantages not only in an ecological sense butalso in an economical sense.



Bioplastics are derived from plant sources such

as sweet potatoes, sugarcane, hemp oil, soybean oil and corn starch.

Bioplastics are environmentally friendlybecause, compared with traditional plastics, their

production results in the emission of less carbondioxide.

They are also biodegradable, meaning that thematerial returns to its natural state when buried

in the ground.



Use of Bioplastic

Bioplastics are already being used in

automobile interiors and in cases for

consumer electronics. Toyota Motor Corp. became the first

automaker in the world to use bioplastics in

the manufacture of auto parts, employing

them in the cover for the spare tire.



Used in Electronic Devices

Mitsubishi Plastics has already succeeded inraising the heat-resistance and strength of polylactic acid by combining it with other

biodegradable plastics, and the result was usedto make the plastic casing of a new version of Sony Corp.'s Walkman released.

A mixture of polylactic acid and kenaf fiber thatis 20% fiber by weight allows for a plastic that is

strong enough and heat resistant enough to beused in electronic goods.



Applications

Packaging

For shopping bags

After their initial use they can bereused as bags for organic wasteand then be composted.

Trays and containers for fruit,vegetables, eggs and meat, bottles

for soft drinks and dairy productsand blister foils for fruit andvegetables are also already widelymanufactured from bioplastics.



Catering products

Disposable crockery

and cutlery, as well as

pots and bowls, pack

foils for hamburgersand straws are being

dumped after a single

use, together with

food-leftovers, forminghuge amounts of

waste, particularly at

big events.



Gardening

Flower pots are made of decomposablebioplastics.

Plant pots used for flowering and vegetableplants can be compostedalong with gardening

and kitchen litter.



Medical Products

In comparison to

packaging, cateringor gardening sectors,the medical sector sets out completelydifferent

requirements withregards to productsmade of renewableand reabsorbingplastics.



Sanitary Products

Foils made of softbioplastic are already

used as diaper foil, bedunderlay, for incontinence products,ladies sanitary productsand as disposable

gloves.



Product of Bioplastic



Main Bioplastics and their

ManufacturersBIOPOLYMERS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS

EcoPla Cargill Dow Polymers

Mater-Bi Nippon Gohsei

Lacea Mitsui Chemicals

Celgreen DaicelChemical Industries

Bionolle Showa High Polymer

EnviroPlastic Nippon Shokubai

Polylactide acid (PL A) plastics Cereplast,Inc

Biopropylene 50 Cereplast, Inc

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) South American sugar industry



Bioplastics And India

Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI)

Earthsoul (produces Mater-Bi)

National Research Development Corporation of

India



Problems with Bioplastics

Cost of Bioplastics

Unawareness among

people

Efficiency



Current Research Areas in

Biopolymers and Bioplastics

Improving efficiency of manufacturing process.

Creating a plant thatcan be used for food,and also as feedstock

for plastic production.

Making more economic.



Conclusion

Boiplastics are the

plastics of future because

Reduce dependance

on fossil fuels.

Save ecosystem.

Limit the impacts of plastic use.

Documents

Polymers and Plastics.....Simranjeet Singh... Roll. No.16.... Reg No.7440070016