Environmental Policy and Law, 12(1984) fV¢i~tcr 1 9 ~ t t i t t~oAtad 'dAttd~'~dl . Iol~t~, ~ -..~an. ScL T e c ~ [ ¥ ~ 16, No. L 19I~ p. ~ A . y t A ;

Repo~ ~aauaryto lk-,etmber 1980, Y~ND ~1-109~. N~'w Mvdco 19~L

3 "a~e BeFmttto~ R ~ t ~ by ~ L per'~raph 6 to the C o a t . d o n , an~ the Re¢ommeadaffo~s Re4air~d by A m ~ H, s ~ n O" IAEA D~:. ~ - C I R C / ~ / A ~ L I / R e v . L

4 IX.t~, Nudear P o ~ r ~ d Ra~oactic~ waste, Le~. i ~ o n 19rs, ix ~ f-; 1x-ese/~emtz/lall~s ~ ~w~a {~Ote 2) Vd, IL ~ 7fi3 ft.; v~ p. 796 if,; ~ in Ntldem l .a~ B~lletL~, ,Mo. 31, i tm¢ 19~.~, p. ~ if , a t p.

H i ~ L ~ I g~i~ Wa~t~ Uttd~" the Lo~doa Dum~ plr~ C ~ f i o n , Oct. 1 ~ , un~ubILsh~d, p. II ft.; Lmms~w~, Hi$1~Lev~ P ,~ l iesa i~ t ¢ ~ a r Waste

ti0z~ W ~ [)~posal S~tcm, Unlve/si~; of Wash" ~lon 1981, m~pub~h~l, p. 68 if.; Mane.h~tea. g ~ ", ~v,'dttea by F o r d / G e o g h i o ~ G t t ~ O . . ~ b e d Dis~'oml of High-Ltwd Noclear Waeae: The Lcgel~ ~ u d o n ~ ! and Politlc~d Context, Ut6v~s~y of M ~ h ~ a ~ Iq~2, ~publ~he~, p. 69 ft.; Qucr, tudec,

• ne Eff~ o~ ~e~ in t~e La~ ~ t~e S~ ~ I~ ~ P~'ta~.~g m t ~t D~Fosal of Pat0~e~.e Wa~e in ~e Sea, tmlmllRisI~, p. 3 ft.

5 Text ~'ime~ m: UN DOe. AfC~NF.39/HIA~.~ w e , z d / R a u . ~ T ~ v ~ n w ('cmvendon on Law of Trc~a~ ties ~ T r a ~ ~r q~x~oix~. F~ank- ~an/Ma~ 1978, p. 45 ft.

7 l h i s ~p[mo~l is staged ~lt, I~ t aker tN~¢ ~ . ~. 42 f.; Cu~is ('NO¢¢ 4) r ,~s t ~ a r~ ~ t *'to be or m i n i ~ • al~e ~, lx 15.

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12 Draft R~olutio.% SUbFV~IIed to t l~ t'~p~ B" nK'~iP.g by D r ~ L F;,.l*md. Norway. $~ed~. ~b~th "Co~ eludes that, . . . d ~ i ~ t ~ di~rpo~ o f l f i g h - ~ r ~ d ~

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~ t l~ S S I ~ ¢o bz ¢*jcntmih~ ¢#a[tt h* L f~E; m |MO Doc, L ~ " ~ WP.P#~J~ J ~ LM~ D¢~, ILD¢

20 For an inttedtl~ion iato~he ~ t l t ~ , ~ e l * ~ tm~m~t~,

REGIONAL ACTIVITIES

South Pacific Forum

The fourteenth South Pacific Forum was held in Canberra, Australia from 2%30 August 1983. The meeting was attended by Heads of Government from Australia, the Cook Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia (as an observer), Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, New Zealand, Nieu, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanatu and Western Samoa. Tonga was also represented. The Prime M~h ~ter of

Australia, R.J.L. Hawke, chaired the meeting.

Among .he main issues discussed was Regional Nuclear Matters. The Formn considered the questions of continued nucle:r testing in the 3outh Pacific, the invitation of the French Government to Forum countries tor sol.fists to visit and asse:s the situation at the nuclear test site at Muraroa, nuclear waste disposal and dumping, the S6uth

Pacific Regional Envkonm~t Pro- gra~'~me, and the Australian pro- posal for a Declaration of a South Pacific Nuclear-free Zone.

The Forum recognized that the French Goveramem's invitation had been made on a bilateral basis and that it was ,~ matter for goverr~ meats to respond as they wished.

The Forum adopted a statement of its position on nucleus nmttcrs (see page 85). ©

EP

Pollution of the North Sea

A resolntion was tabled in Jan- tonnes of excavated ~a: zontain- ween 1972 and 1976 SdlaIield uary on pollution of the North Sea. ing "~he Lord knows what", one released 902,000 caries of radioac-

Every year 280,000 tonnes of in- member told Parliament. tivity, including the isotopes stron- dustrial waste oil are dumved in the Most of the radioactive waste tium and caesium asd, with Cap La North Sea as are seven mii,.,., ton- comes from SeUafield (England) Hague, 12.00 curies of PlulOrfi~m. nes of organic waste and 62 ,pillion and Cap La Hague (France). Bet- From Sellatield waste flows vorth-

0378.777XJ84!$3o00 © 1984 Elsevier Science Publishers B,V, (North.Hol|a~d)

?a

wards around Sco*tand and then down the East coast of England and into the North Sea.

This is in spite G( 17 national laws, 11 Emope~n Laws and 30 In- teraatiorml Conventions designed

Environmental Policy and Law, 12(1984) to protect such pollution. One Narjes trusted that th~ forthcoming member (Ms Maij-Weggen, Neth., North Sea Conference would be a PP.), suggested a comprehensive success. "The Commission is aware Conver, tion to plug the loopholes in of the problem and will do all it existing legislation, can", he s~dd.

For the Commission, Karl-Heinz The resolution was adopted,

High The Cost to the Community from

damage done by acid rain is bet- ween £ 36,600 million and £ 48,800 million according to OECD.

qVith regard to the damage to woodlands, it is estimated that two re,Ilion hectares have been affected, leading to the loss of about 47,000 jobs in fore,try and t imer process. ing at a coz: of £ 1,6~'~ million to the timber ip~stfy.

In response, the Cc~.mission is proposing a pllase,-I red~ ,ion in the levels of ~:ollulants generally regarded as responsible for acid

Cost of Acid Rain rain. If agreed by the Council, this proposal is likely to increase the cost of generating electricity substantially. One estimate is that it would be an extra 10%-13%.

In essence, the proposal is that Member States curb sulphur diox- ide emissions by 60%, nitrogen ox- ides by 40%, and other r.ollutants by 40%.

Parliament adopted a resolution urging the Commission to go much further. One member argue$ that nuclear power stations are the answe-. Hemmo Munting (Neth,

See,), who tabled the resolution, pointed out that "we ca.', reduce pollution by 75070 within 10 ).'ars if we want to". []

Safety at Sea A motion for a resolution (see

page 86) called for the Commuuity to set up a European Foundation for Safety at Sea in Greece,

Ecology and Development in a Written Question*, Hemmo

Muntingh stated that "Deforesta- tion and desertificalion are two forms of environmental deteriora- tion which have reached such ~rioas proportions that they are threatening the livelihood of many sections of the population in the Thtrd World. Every year 3 million hectares of agricultural land and 3,2 million hectares of grassland become unusable as a result. Action by the Community to deal with this ever-present problem in the form of programmes to combat desertifica- tion and to encourage reafforesta- tion falls under Article 958 of the budget as part of the Special scheme to combat hunger in the world."

He asked if the Commission could indicate the size of the

~ o l r ~ o t l~'~,~." t~sL p 6

available budget for combating de~¢rtification ,and deforestation, and if

it is true -*hat tl~is budget has been frozen for the tirae being and, if so, why. Further,

how much has been paid out so far under Article 958 and to which projects and,

what steps the Commission in- tends to take to ensure that the ap- propriation earmarked in the 1983 budget is spent in fL

In an Answer given oy Mr. Pisani on behalf of the Commission he stated that as one of the "cam- paigns with specific themes" pro- vided for in the special programme to combat hunger in the world (Ar- ticle 958), the Commission is pro- posing to promote a number of operations intended to combat desertification (inventory of the phenomenon and its development,

measures to increase government and public awareness of the prcb- lena, reafforestation programmes, schemes to rationalize the use of firewood). It considers that 13 million to 14 million ECU could be committed for this type oi" activity.

Following the adoption by the Council on 11 July 1983 of Regula- tion (EEC) No 1993/831 on the im- plementatLgn of this programme, there is now nothing to prevent the appropriation from being used.

The sum of 127 000 ECU for studies in preparation for the im- plementation of the special pro- gramme has already been commit- ted under Article 958 and the Com- mission, which is making the necessary contacts with its Delega- tions in the countries receiving Community aid, is preparing to commit the Article 958 appropria- tion by the end of the year.

0378-777X/84/$3.00 © 1984 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland)