Upload
truongkien
View
215
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
24February2015 1 WAVES © 2015
Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services
www.wavespartnership.org
Policy uses in developing countries: Where has NCA been useful?
Presented by: Juan Pablo Castaneda Date: October 15, 2015
24February2015 2 WAVES © 2015
WAVES Global engagement
1. Policy Applications of NCA and Methodology Development of Ecosystem Accounting
2. Engagement with private sector initiatives
3. Communications
24February2015 3 WAVES © 2015
NCA in action
24February2015 4 WAVES © 2015
Five ways of looking at uses of NCA
Influencing policy processes
Macroeconomic decision making
Sectoral policy analysis
Informing cross-sectoral and global agendas
A tool for change in policy dialogue
24February2015 5 WAVES © 2015
WAVES © 2015
NCA influencing policy processes
Botswana Sustainable Development Goals 2014 5
24February2015 6 WAVES © 2015
The policy cycle and forests ●What is the real contribution of forests to the economy? ●What are the linkages between forest and other sectors? ●Is economic growth causing degradation of the resource and could limit future growth?
●What are the tradeoffs? ●Who are the stakeholders? ●What are the priorities? ●Local aspects to be considered?
●Is the policy contributing to sustainability? ●What is the impact of non-forest policies?
●How to better allocate financial resources? ●What is the distribution of benefits?
24February2015 7 WAVES © 2015
Guatemala forest policy
24February2015 8 WAVES © 2015
WAVES © 2015
NCA and macroeconomic decision making
Botswana Sustainable Development Goals 2014 8
24February2015 9 WAVES © 2015
Improving sustainability in terms of total wealth
1. Increase the level of savings
2. Improve the quality of physical/built
capital (with longer economic lives)
3. Increase spending on education and
innovation
4a. Invest in the quantity of natural capital
(some new resources, such as in mining
and fossil fuels, can be discovered and
the stock expanded)
4b. Invest in the quality of natural
resources (such as land)
5. Higher population growth rates dilute a
country’s total wealth.
6. Increase total factor productivity
24February2015 10 WAVES © 2015
Is wealth growing or declining?
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
pe
rce
nt
of
GN
I
Genuine Saving Rates in EAP, ECA and SAR
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
South Asia
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
pe
rce
nt
of
GN
I
Genuine Saving Rates in LCR, MNA and SSA
Latin America & Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Middle East & North Africa
Adjusted Net Savings in LCR, MNA
and SSA
24February2015 11 WAVES © 2015
Wealth per capita in LAC
24February2015 12 WAVES © 2015
WAVES © 2015
NCA and sectoral policy analysis
Botswana Sustainable Development Goals 2014 1
2
24February2015 13 WAVES © 2015
Mineral accounts – Botswana
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Mil
lio
n P
ula
Rent Taxes on rent
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Wealth
GDP
BOTSWANA
2. The investment of mineral revenues
builds wealth and income
(index of real, percapita growth in wealth, GDP)
1. Botswana government recovers
mineral revenues (“rent”)
24February2015 14 WAVES © 2015
Vietnam: The value of forests
24February2015 15 WAVES © 2015
Thailand: Making informed decisions
24February2015 16 WAVES © 2015
Guatemala: The forest economy
24February2015 17 WAVES © 2015
WAVES © 2015
NCA and cross-sectoral / global agendas
Botswana Sustainable Development Goals 2014 1
7
24February2015 18 WAVES © 2015
Bangladesh: Climate change impacts on food security
Results:
• National-level impacts were small reducing GDP by 0.11% or
US$81.2M in 2030.
• Caloric consumption was 17% less; some households remained
food insecure.
• Factor reallocation to manufacturing.
• Greater dependence on agricultural imports. Difference in AAGR (%) from baseline
Sealevel Paddy Wheat Joint
Indicator rise yield yield impact
Private consumption -0.0036 -0.0130 0.0001 -0.0165
Fixed investment 0.0057 0.0071 0.0001 0.0129
Exports 0.0125 0.0168 -0.0001 0.0293
Imports 0.0120 0.0162 -0.0001 0.0282
GDP 0.0001 -0.0049 0.0001 -0.0047
24February2015 19 WAVES © 2015
WAVES © 2015
NCA as a tool for change in policy dialogue
Botswana Sustainable Development Goals 2014 1
9
24February2015 20 WAVES © 2015
NCA as a tool for change
24February2015 21 WAVES © 2015
From basic statistics to accounts to indicators
24February2015 22 WAVES © 2015
Thank you!