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Agriculture and Rural Development
Culture and Education
Fisheries
Regional Development
Transport and Tourism
Directorate-General For internal Policies
POLICY DEPARTMENTSTRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES
RoleThe Policy Departments are research units that provide specialised advice to committees, inter-parliamentary delegations and other parliamentary bodies.
Policy AreasAgriculture and Rural Development Culture and Education FisheriesRegional DevelopmentTransport and Tourism
DocumentsVisit the European Parliament website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies
B POLICY DEPARTMENTSTRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES
PHOTO CREDIT: iStock International Inc., Photodisk, Phovoir
B Directorate-General For internal Policies
Transport and Tourism
Regional Development
Fisheries
Culture and EducationCulture and Education
Agriculture and Rural Development
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES
FISHERIES
THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY
A PRACTICAL GUIDE
PROVISIONAL VERSION
AUTHOR Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, European Parliament LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: FR Translations: BG/CS/DA/DE/EL/ES/ET/FI/FR/HU/IT/LT/LV/MT/NL/PL/PT/RO/SK/SL/SV PHOTO CREDITS Photo credits: Shutterstock, iStockphoto ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly Newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in April 2009. Brussels, © European Parliament, 2009. DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD 1
CONTEXT 1
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE CFP 1
POLICY DEPARTMENT B AND ITS SUPPORT ROLE FOR PARLIAMENT’S WORK 1
OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION 1
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1
ANNEX: ORGANISATION CHART OF THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR MARITIME AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES (DG MARE) at 08.05.2009 1
TERMINOLOGICAL ANNEX 1
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‘Only a crisis – actual or perceived – produces real change. When that crisis occurs, the actions that are taken depend on the ideas that are lying around. That, I believe, is our basic function: to develop alternatives to existing policies, to keep them alive and available until the politically impossible becomes politically inevitable.’
Milton Friedman (1982) ‘As soon as questions of will or decision or reason or choice of action arise, human science is at a loss.’
Noam Chomsky (1978)
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FOREWORD
Dear Member,
I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to the European Parliament and to provide you with information on the in-house resources available in terms of expert advice. Effective parliamentary
work relies on specialised, objective, high-quality, up-to-date information. To this end, five units responsible for research, known as 'Policy departments', have been created. Their activities cover all the European Parliament’s areas of competence. They produce high-quality independent research, which is carried out either in house or by external experts. Policy Department B ‘Structural and Cohesion Policies’ is in charge of five policy areas: agriculture and rural development, culture and education, fisheries, regional development, and transport and tourism. It delivers a wide variety of tools, ranging from in-depth analyses of complex legislative issues to short background notes and even workshops where experts are invited to make live presentations. The purpose of these tools is to support the work of parliamentary bodies, for instance by contributing directly to the legislative work of a specific committee or serving as background information for delegation visits by Members. Apart from a few confidential documents, all the texts produced by Policy Department B ‘Structural and Cohesion Policies’ are published on Parliament's website for the benefit of MEPs and the wider public. In this publication you will find brief information on the major policy developments in the area of fisheries that occurred during Parliament’s last term. We also discuss the challenges that fisheries policy will face in the near future. Finally, we provide an introduction to the options available to you in terms of the in-house and external expertise provided by Policy Department B.
Ismael Olivares Martinez
Director
Directorate B: Structural and Cohesion Policies Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union
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CONTEXT
EUROPEAN FISHERIES
Despite the ambitious reform of the common fisheries policy (CFP) adopted in 2002, there has been little improvement in the situation of Community fishing activities. Many fish stocks are still being overexploited. The fishing fleet remains oversized and, in a quest for profitability, it is trying to push back the frontiers of its activities, by fishing over greater distances, at greater depths, and for smaller fish. The financial problems have been exacerbated by rising costs, pressure from imports (60% of consumption) and the increasing power of mass marketing. The crisis the sector is experiencing is due to a combination of factors. Fishing activities are suffering from reduced catches as a result of the poor situation of fish stocks and restricted access to certain stocks. The combined effects of overcapacity and the low level of many stocks are reflected in poor economic returns in the catching sector and low profitability in many fleets.
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Regional dependency on fisheries (NUTS, 2005)
Source: Pavel Salz, Framian bv, Graeme Macfadyen, Poseidon Ltd., Regional Dependency on Fisheries,
European Parliament, 2007. Rising costs owing to increasing fuel prices and market trends are also having an effect on the fisheries sector’s economic results. The market is suffering the impact of, among other things, imports from third countries, concentrated distribution and the reduced purchasing power of consumers. The rate at which the crisis in the fisheries sector is developing, and its extent, are striking. Between 2005 and 2007 the value of the fresh products covered by the Common Market Organisation (CMO) fell by 50% and the quantities marketed by 60%. Following a period of sustained growth, world catches appear to have hit a ceiling of 145 million tonnes. In the early 1990s, European Union catches represented 7% of world fishing activities, putting the EU in third place as a global producer, behind China and Peru. Between 1992 and 2006 there was a gradual reduction of 21% in European production, even taking account of successive enlargements, to 5.3 million tonnes. In 2005, Community production represented 6% of world catches. In 2006, these catches could be broken down as follows: 75% of Community catches came from the north-east Atlantic, 11% from the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, 8% from the central-eastern Atlantic, and 3% from the western Indian Ocean.
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The 2004 enlargement, with 10 new Member States, prompted a 9% increase in European Union catches. However, 97% of this increase came from catches in the four countries along the Baltic coast. Of these four countries, only Lithuania has maintained a steady level of catches throughout the past decade, whereas catches have decreased by 54% in Poland, 34% in Estonia and 21% in Latvia.
Production trends in the 27 Member States. 2002=100
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Total productionAquacultureCatches
In 2006, five Member States (Denmark, Spain, France, the UK and the Netherlands) accounted for 60% of Community production. There are major structural differences between these five countries. Sixty-nine per cent of Danish production and 6% of UK production is destined for industrial use, mainly for the manufacture of fish meal. In Spain, France and the Netherlands, 100% of production is destined for human consumption. This situation is fully reflected in the value of catches and employment in the fisheries sector. For example, the unit value of landings in Spain is seven times higher than that of landings in Denmark. The decline in the total production of fisheries products follows the downward trend in catches, and aquaculture is unable to compensate for this reduction. 2002 is a reference year, since it marked the adoption of the last CFP reform and the strategy for the sustainable development of European aquaculture. Since then, however, aquaculture production has stagnated and catches have continued to decline. Aquaculture production seems to have reached a ceiling. In 2006, aquaculture represented 19% of total production, with 1 283 tonnes. European aquaculture production was valued at € 3 billion, with freshwater fish accounting for 46% of this, crustaceans and molluscs for 31%, and sea fish for 23%. Community aquaculture focuses primarily on four species: mussels, trout, salmon and oysters. However, production of species such as bass, sea bream and turbot is developing. Five countries are responsible for 74% of the volume of Community aquaculture production – France, 20%; Spain, 17%; Italy, 14%; UK, 14%; Greece, 8%. In Spain, France and Italy bivalve molluscs (mussels, oysters and clams) account for the bulk of production, but species vary from country to country. The UK essentially focuses on salmon and trout, while Greece primarily processes other sea-fish species. The differing values of aquaculture production are due to species distribution. France accounts for 19% of production value, Italy and the UK for 17%, Greece for 12% and Spain for 10%. The European fishing fleet is very diverse as a result of the wide range of fishing conditions in Community waters. Large vessels predominate in Belgium, the Netherlands and Lithuania, while small boats are in the majority in the fishing fleets of
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Portugal, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania. There are also wide variations within the fleets of almost all the Member States. The results of the CFP have been poor in terms of controlling the fishing fleet’s overcapacity. Fishing capacity depends, firstly, on the fishing gear used, but the EU employs only tonnage and power to manage the fleet. The Community fishing fleet is gradually reducing in size, in terms both of the number of vessels and of overall tonnage and power. Despite this, the fleet’s fishing capacity is increasing as a result of the replacement of small boats by vessels of greater tonnage and power, and of technological advances.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Fishing fleet distribution 2009
% Boats 13 16 1% 9% 8% 20 10 2% 0% 3% 2% 1% 2% 1% 4% 3% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0%
% GRT 25 10 8% 11 11 5% 6% 4% 3% 4% 4% 2% 2% 2% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0%
% kW 15 17 5% 16 12 7% 6% 2% 1% 4% 3% 1% 3% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0%
ES IT NL FR UK EL PT DE LT DK IRL PL SE LV FIN BG MT ET CY BE RO SN
The fishing fleet’s overcapacity has a political impact in addition to its effects on economic performance. In particular, it is at the root of political pressure to increase quotas beyond those scientifically recommended. Member States are often susceptible to a short-term approach, and give maintenance of fleet activity priority over sustainable management of fisheries. When profitability is reduced as a result of declining catches, pressure increases and the vicious circle begins again.
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COMMON FISHERIES POLICY In 1970 the EEC established equal access to Member State fishing zones for all fishermen, while reserving a coastal strip for the activities of local fishermen. It created Community market bases for fisheries products and a structural policy designed to moder-nise the fishing fleet and its infrastruc-ture. In 1976, in line with international trends, the Member States extended their restricted zone for exploitation of marine resources from 12 to 200 miles. Even though Member States recognised the importance of transferring to the Community fisheries management and the task of representing them in international negotiations, the 1981 enlargement meant that the creation of the CFP was postponed until 1983. The CFP was initially closely linked to agricultural policy, and this is still the case in the Treaties. However, the specific content that it has acquired in the course of successive reforms has differentiated it from the CAP. Since fish populations ignore national borders and are dependent on shared marine ecosystems, the CFP confers on the Community extensive competences as regards the management of natural marine resources. The CFP possesses a panoply of instruments of very different kinds, but these instruments have not always been interlinked in an optimum way, and the hoped-for synergies have suffered. The CFP was reformed in 2002 with a view to ensuring sustainable development of fishing activities from an environmental, economic and social perspective. The decision-making process was modified by basing it on scientific opinions and involving it more closely with the fisheries sector and with non-governmental organisations within regional advisory councils (RACs). The 2002 reform also sought to make the policy consistent with European environment and development policy. Despite the reform, virtually no improvement has been seen in terms of the necessary synergies, for example between fleet management and conservation of resources. The new basic rules of the CFP have been in force since 1 January 2003. Its main themes are as follows:
• CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES The CFP provides for certain restrictions on access to waters and resources. For example, a restricted zone is in force until 2012, restricting access to the 12-mile zone to fishing vessels that traditionally fish in those waters. There are other examples of restricted access, such as the Shetland Box. The principle of relative stability, which
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governs access to resources and is based on the allocation to each Member State of a fixed percentage of catches for each stock, has been retained. The CFP is far from having achieved the results anticipated in terms of resource conservation. Thirty per cent of stocks are currently below biological safety limits, and in the case of 80% of stocks the sector’s yield is falling as a result of overfishing.
The 2002 reform was aimed at gradually implementing fisheries management based on ecosystems. It adopted a long-term vision with its implementation of multiannual plans for attaining and/or maintaining safe stock levels. However, deployment of the ecosystem-based approach comes up against institutionalised decisions on the allocation of TACs and quotas in the Council and, sometimes, against a lack of the scientific knowledge needed to enable it to be applied. The main conservation measures were more traditional, specifying total allowable catches (TACs), a restriction on fishing effort and technical measures (fishing gear and minimum landing sizes). They also impose an obligation to record and notify catches and landings.
In the European Union, 63% of landings involve species subject to TACs. Most (44% of catches) are pelagic species (herring, sprat, blue whiting, mackerel, horse mackerel, anchovy, swordfish and bluefin tuna), and 19% of landings are of demersal species (sandeels, cod, hake, plaice, Norway lobster, saithe, haddock, Norway pout, whiting, sole, monkfish, Northern prawn, flounder, rays, Greenland halibut, dab, megrims, beaked redfish, pollack, turbot, brill and salmon). Very high discard rates at sea that are highly prejudicial to fish stocks and to all ecosystems are a side-effect of the TAC and quota system. It is the Council that fixes fishing possibilities, and application of the principle of relative stability and fleet overcapacity encourages Member States to increase their shares to the detriment of sustainable fisheries. Fish stocks are managed pursuant to multiannual management plans, in order to enable fishermen to manage their activities in the long term. Stocks below the biological safety threshold are subject to multiannual recovery plans. Various action plans have been adopted with a view to restricting the impact of fishing on sensitive habitats, protecting species not targeted by fishing, and reducing by-catches and eliminating discards.
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• FLEET MANAGEMENT The CFP includes measures aimed at preventing any worsening of the imbalance between fleet overcapacity and actual fishing possibilities. Fleet management is fundamental to conservation of resources, but its methods and financing are dependent on structural instruments. However, Member States often prefer to channel Structural Funds into maintaining activities and employment, rather than using them to reduce fishing capacity. Moreover, there is a risk that the economic crisis will make it difficult to co-finance all the structural policies and, in particular, the reduction in fishing capacity. Prior to 2002, the fleet was managed by multiannual guidance programmes (MAGPs), but these could not be used to resolve the Community fleet’s overcapacity problem. Since the 2002 reform, it has no longer been possible to replace any capacity for whose withdrawal public aid has been granted, and reference levels are automatically reduced by the amount of the capacity withdrawn with the aid of public funds. Any creation of new capacity must be offset by the withdrawal, without financial aid, of a capacity that is at least equivalent. Since 2005, aid has had to be allocated exclusively to improving safety and working conditions on board and product quality, or to switching to more selective fishing techniques or satellite vessel monitoring systems (VMSs). A ‘scrapping fund’ was created to help the sector to achieve the reductions in fishing effort required under the stock recovery plans. It will allocate premiums that are 20% higher than those available for decommissioning under the Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG). Financial aid is also granted for the permanent transfer of EU vessels to third countries, in particular by creating joint enterprises. The new methods introduced with the 2002 reform have failed to reduce fleet overcapacity. Despite the restrictions introduced by the entry/exit regime, actual fishing capacity has continued to increase.
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Fishing fleets average tonnage. 2007=100
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Fishing fleets average tonnage. 2007=100
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Strictly speaking, fleet management does not employ fishing capacity parameters. It deals only with fleet tonnage and power, so that paradoxical situations can arise. Even though fleet tonnage and power are decreasing overall, average tonnages and power, as well as fishing capacity, often increase, while technological advances lead to substantial efficiency gains.
• STRUCTURAL MEASURES The CFP has a budget of some € 3.8 billion for 2007-2013. This budget is administered by its financial instrument, the European Fisheries Fund (EFF). The EFF can finance measures designed to balance resources and fleet capacity, or to encourage more environmentally friendly fishing and production methods. It can also finance socio-economic measures to improve the sector’s competitiveness and economic viability, or to benefit persons employed in the sector, ensuring sustainable development of fishing zones. The 2002 reform modified the socio-economic measures, extending aid to temporary cessation of activities. Moreover, aid for early retirement and for the retraining of fishermen in other activities allows them to continue fishing on
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a part-time basis. However, the EFF has not succeeded in meeting the needs caused by the crisis in the sector.
• THE COMMON MARKET ORGANISATION (CMO) The Common Market Organisation for fishery and aquaculture products (CMO) is the first element of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The aim of the CMO is to balance supply and demand in the Community market. The CMO faces the challenge of reconciling fishermen’s interests with the growing demands of the Community market and, in particular, with those of the processing sector, while ensuring fair competition. The instruments available to the CMO to help it to achieve its aims are common marketing standards, producer organisations, a price-support system and a trade regime with third countries. The architecture of the CMO for fishery products partly resulted from the link between fisheries and agriculture created by the founding Treaty. The CMO for fishery products is officially governed by the principles, objectives and instruments of the CMO for agricultural products. However, there are and have always been profound differences between agricultural and fishing activities, and these differences have only become more marked over time. While support mechanisms for agricultural operations have been adapted to new situations, the same cannot be said of aid for fishery enterprises. The CMO has very limited room for manoeuvre in the face of the crisis the fisheries sector is currently suffering, owing to the nature of its mechanisms for intervention and its meagre funding. The fresh products covered by the CMO represent only 20% of total production in the Community fisheries sector, and the CMO’s expenditure on interventions amounts to only 0.6% of the value of the fresh products it covers.
• RELATIONS WITH THIRD COUNTRIES The EU has concluded a very large number of bilateral agreements with a view to opening up access for Community vessels to third-country fishing zones. With the reform of the CFP in 2002, these agreements evolved into partnership regimes in order to create sustainable fishing conditions. The EU also participates in international agreements on fishing and maritime law. It plays an important part in most of the Regional Fisheries Organisations (RFOs) in which the Community fleet has a presence. These RFOs manage fish stocks in open sea, and play an active part in combating illegal fishing and destructive fishing practices.
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• INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ADVISORY BODIES Following the reform of the CFP, seven regional advisory councils (RACs) were created1. For each maritime or fishing zone concerned, they are made up of fishermen, scientific experts, and representatives of other sectors associated with fisheries and aquaculture and of regional and national authorities, environmental NGOs and consumers. The RACs may be consulted by the Commission. They can also draw up recommendations and suggestions, or provide the Commission or Member States with information. The Commission has given the RACs priority over the European Parliament. For example, the agreement concluded
by the Commission on behalf of the European Communities with the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) at the beginning of 2007 no longer provides for the automatic transmission of scientific opinions to the European Parliament, but does so for the RACs.
• ACCOMPANYING MEASURES The Community Fisheries Control Agency (CFCA), based in Vigo (Spain), was created to strengthen cooperation between Member States in the detection of and crackdown on offences. The Commission adopted a strategy of sustainable European aquaculture development and of communications on fisheries partnership agreements concluded with third countries, and the improvement of scientific advice on fisheries management. Within the framework of the reform, the Commission also submitted a series of Community action plans focusing on:
fishing in the Mediterranean; incorporation into the CFP of environmental protection requirements; eradication of illegal, undeclared and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing); neutralisation of the social, economic and regional consequences of
restructuring of the Community fisheries sector; a reduction in fish discards.
All too often, the legislative acts ultimately adopted were not equal to the objectives stated in the Commission’s communications.
1 North Sea RAC, Pelagic RAC, North Western Waters RAC, Baltic Sea RAC, South Western Waters RAC,
Long-Distance Fleet RAC and Mediterranean Sea RAC.
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THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE CFP
THE ROLE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES
Annex VI of Parliament’s Rules of Procedure lays down the responsibilities of the Committee on Fisheries2, as quoted in the box below.
The role of the Committee on Fisheries
► Committee responsible for:
• the operation and development of the common fisheries policy and its management;
• the conservation of fishery resources; • the common organisation of the market in fishery products; • structural policy in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, including the
financial instruments for fisheries guidance; • international fisheries agreements.
The 2002 reform of the CFP further integrated fisheries with other policies. In 2005, the responsibilities of the European Commission’s Fisheries Directorate-General were extended to include maritime affairs. In 2008, this DG was renamed the Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE). In view of these developments, on 10 May 2007 the Committee on Fisheries asked for its responsibilities to be extended as well. With regard to conservation of resources, the Committee on Fisheries has asked for the following objectives to be added:
• ensuring sustainable development of activities conducted in seas and oceans; • following up activities with an impact on marine biodiversity; • undertaking marine research and applied research in the fisheries sector.
2 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+RULES-EP+20090309+ANN-
06+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN&navigationBar=YES
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In a structural context, the Committee on Fisheries is proposing an amendment to provide a policy aimed at improving fisheries and aquaculture structures and the structures of processing of fishery products, including the financial instruments and funds. Finally, the Committee on Fisheries is calling for the external aspect to be adapted in line with the methods decided on in the 2002 reform of the CFP. For example, it suggests replacing the reference to ‘international fisheries agreements’ with a reference to partnership agreements with third countries in the fisheries sector, regional fisheries organisations, and international forums and bodies. In view of the additional responsibilities bestowed on the Commission’s DG MARE and the gradual integration of fisheries policy with other policies, we can expect to see new horizontal proposals by the Commission, particularly in the context of integrated maritime policy. If this is the case, and if the EP’s Committee on Fisheries is not adapted to the new situation, we could see conflicts of competences resurfacing with other parliamentary committees. Even though the Committee on Fisheries is responsible for a common policy, up to the end of the sixth parliamentary term it had effectively been neutralised. This means that, unlike the situation with other committees, a titular member of the Committee on Fisheries could also be a titular member of another of Parliament’s standing committees. In its meeting of 12 March 2009, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament decided to ‘deneutralise’ the Committee on Fisheries. This decision should enable the Committee to exercise its increased powers ensuing from the Treaty of Lisbon more efficiently and receptively.
THE LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE IN FORCE Article 37(2), third subparagraph, of the Treaty lays down the procedure for drafting and implementing the CFP, which is based on a proposal from the Commission, the opinion of the European Parliament (expressed by the plenary following amendments by the Committee on Fisheries on subjects within its competence) (Box 3), the opinion, if applicable, of the Economic and Social Committee, and the final decision of the Council by a qualified majority. For the European Parliament it is therefore a simple consultation3 procedure, which has never been amended despite the new procedures (of cooperation or codecision) introduced by the Single European Act, the Treaty of Maastricht and the Treaty of Amsterdam.
3 Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, Title II: Legislative procedures (http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getLastRules.do?language=EN&reference=TOC).
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THE LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE PURSUANT TO THE TREATY OF LISBON The draft Treaty of Lisbon (OJ C 155 of 9.5.2008)4 recognises codecision as the ‘ordinary legislative procedure’ for the CFP, in place of the consultation procedure in force. Thus, once the Treaty is ratified by all the EU Member States, the introduction of codecision will represent a major change for the CFP, conferring on the European Parliament a genuine co-legislative role in fisheries. However, the new Treaty poses certain problems of interpretation, inasmuch as it introduces exceptions to the ordinary procedure in favour of the Council, in particular as regards ‘measures on fixing prices, levies, aid and quantitative limitations and on the fixing and allocation of fishing opportunities’ (Article 43(3) TFEU). In the absence of a clear definition of the legislative powers of the European Parliament and the Council in respect of fisheries, political and legal problems could arise, even if case-law calls for a restrictive interpretation of the exceptions. It would be difficult for the European Parliament to accept general implementing reservations in favour of the Council, for example extending the scope of interpretation of ‘the allocation of fishing opportunities’ to other measures such as fishing effort or technical measures. These general implementing reservations in favour of the Council could qualify, or even invalidate, the EP’s codecision powers, as conferred by the Treaty of Lisbon, particularly in the context of fundamental reforms of the CFP or of provisions necessary to pursue the objectives of the common fisheries policy. In the course of the new parliamentary term, the European Parliament will have to ensure that the structure and decision-making levels of the fisheries rules are clarified, without eroding its legitimate powers. It should be borne in mind that the Treaty of Lisbon requires the approval of the European Parliament (assent procedure), among others, for the conclusion of international agreements with recognised budgetary implications for the EU, or covering fields to which the ordinary legislative procedure or the special legislative procedure applies when the European Parliament’s approval is required. It follows that, in principle, regional agreements within the framework of the regional fisheries organisations (RFOs) and fisheries partnership agreements with third countries can be concluded only following Parliament’s approval. Moreover, the Treaty of Lisbon establishes that the European Parliament is to be immediately and fully informed at all stages of the procedure. This is particularly important in view of the European Parliament’s longstanding demands for transparency and speed in the transmission of information on negotiations that are under way. The European Parliament has also called for its representatives to take part in Community coordination meetings at the meetings of regional fisheries organisations and meetings of joint committees in the context of bilateral agreements.
4 http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:SOM:EN:HTML.
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THE MAIN LEGISLATIVE DOSSIERS IN THE COURSE OF THE SIXTH PARLIAMENTARY TERM The sixth parliamentary term was a period of transition between two reforms. The legislative acts implementing the 2002 reform provided the basis for much of the work of the Committee on Fisheries. In addition to opinions, the Committee on Fisheries adopted 102 reports. Many of the reports relate to external agreements (29%), conservation of resources (19%), conservation of the marine environment (10%), control and monitoring of fisheries (8%), and governance of the CFP and its future guidelines (8%).
Fishing agreements
29%
Conservation of resources
18%Environment
10%
Control & monitoring
8%
CFP8%
Structures7%
Statistics4%
Other16%
Distribution by subject of the reports of the Committee on Fisheries.6th legislature
The large number of reports on external agreements demonstrates their importance to Community fisheries. This fact must be considered in the light of the extension of the European Parliament’s competences that will ensue from ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, both as regards application of the assent procedure and from the perspective of the EP’s right to be immediately and fully informed at each stage of the procedure.
With regard to the policy of conservation of resources, most of the reports adopted by the Committee on Fisheries involved stock recovery and management plans. Three other reports were of sufficient political importance to be worth mentioning. By the end of the fifth parliamentary term, Parliament had blocked the proposed regulation concerning ‘management measures for the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea’. A compromise was subsequently reached between Parliament5 and the Commission with a view to trying to restore a satisfactory situation as regards these resources as quickly as possible.
5 T6-0234/2005, Official Journal: C 124, 25.05.2006, pp. 0421-0527 E,
OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=236982.
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Along very different lines is the report on ‘conservation of fish stocks through technical measures’6. This dossier is important for more than one reason, as to some extent it serves as a bridge towards the forthcoming reform of the CFP.
Lastly, in the report on ‘the policy of reducing unwanted catches and eliminating discards in European fisheries’7, the European Parliament emphasised that the system of TACs was one of the main causes of discards, and that action needed to be taken to stop compulsory discards of species whose size is laid down in the regulations, and which are inevitably caught because they are not subject to any quota. Quotas of by-catches should be incorporated into the TACs, and all by-catches unloaded should be added to the quotas attributed, so that when a fishery exceeds its quota of by-catches, it risks being closed down. It has also been proposed that an excess of juveniles in catches should lead to closure of the fishery in real time. This quota should then be gradually reduced, in order further to encourage fishermen to improve the selectivity of their fishing gear.
The large number of reports specifically covering conservation of the marine environment clearly demonstrates how important this subject is. In addition to these 10 reports, others were closely associated with environmental issues. For example, the subject of the report on ‘the CFP and the ecosystem approach to fisheries management’8 is of fundamental importance in the context of the forthcoming reform, as is the dossier on ‘fisheries and aquaculture in the context of integrated coastal zone management in Europe’9, which mentions the integrated maritime policy.
The report on ‘implementing sustainability in European Union fisheries through maximum sustainable yield’10 is also crucially important in the face of the forthcoming CFP reform. In an extremely critical report, the European Parliament warned that, for a large majority of scientists, the traditional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) model had been superseded by new cutting-edge approaches which considered the ecosystem in its entirety. It also cautioned that it would be difficult to apply the MSY model to multispecies fisheries. It lamented the deficient analysis and inadequate solutions offered by the Commission’s communication with regard to the above aspects, and the absence of any in-depth evaluation of the implications of applying the MSY model. The EP called on the Commission to establish a system of access to resources that put the emphasis on sustainability, discouraged discards, simplified the technical measures, eliminated discrimination and excessive competition for stocks, introduced the necessary flexibility, and boosted the sector’s competitiveness. It also stressed that any change to the management system must 6 OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5647852. 7 T6-0034/2008, 31/01/2008, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5484622. 8 T6-0009/2009, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5666112. 9 T6-0382/2008, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5582242. 10 T6-0382/2007, 06/09/2007, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5386052.
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necessarily include compensation mechanisms based on an assessment of the social and economic impact of the proposal.
In another report on rights-based management tools, the European Parliament11 invited the Commission to study systems of rights-based management (RBM) currently applied in the Member States, and to evaluate their efficiency in terms of realising the aims of the common fisheries policy. The Commission has published an analysis of rights-based management instruments, which will be one of the key topics in the forthcoming reform12. Policy Department B organised a workshop on this subject13 in September 2007.
Another important topic in the context of the forthcoming CFP reform will be governance and the part played in it by the regional advisory councils. The Committee on Fisheries adopted two reports14, 15 on this subject. Of the eight reports adopted by the Committee on Fisheries on control
and monitoring of fishing activities, particular importance is to be attached to the report on the ‘Community control regime to ensure compliance with the CFP rules (repeal of Regulations (EEC) No 2847/93 and (EC) No 1627/94)’, because it can be seen either as a bridge towards the future CFP or as belated implementation of the 2002 reform. In fact, even though the European Parliament adopted this report at the end of the sixth parliamentary term, the Council is envisaging adopting the Regulation in 2010. Consequently, the Regulation will inevitably be coloured by the new directions of the CFP. There are many other important reports. For instance, there are the two reports on illegal, undeclared and unregulated (IUU) fishing16, 17. The European Parliament stressed the need to create a list of vessels involved in IUU fishing activities and a system of state control of ports in order to prevent access to them by third-country vessels involved in IUU fishing activities. It has proposed prohibiting imports of IUU fishery products by means of compulsory certification on the part of the flag State, attesting the legality of its products. Parliament has also recommended developing a Community system for early warnings in the event that IUU fishery products are
11 T6-0113/2008, 10/04/2008, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5484612. 12 MRAG et al., Part I: An analysis of existing Rights Based Management (RBM) instruments in Member
States and on setting up best practices in the EU, Part II: Catalogue of Rights-Based Management Instruments in coastal EU Member States. European Commission, 2009.
13 Bjørn Hersoug, Torbjorn Trondsen, (The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø); Luc van Hoof, Maud Evrard (Wageningen UR IMARES); Thórólfur Matthiasson (University of Iceland), Rights based management. European Parliament, 2007.
14 T6-0159/2007, 26/04/2007, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5418862. 15 A6-0187/2009, 27/03/2009, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5681642. 16 T6-0044/2007, 15/02/2007, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5386082. 17 T6-0245/2008, 29/09/2008, Official Journal: L 286 29.10.2008, p. 0001,
OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5548632.
21
detected, and prohibiting fish imports from countries that have been identified as not cooperating with the system implemented by the EU. Throughout the sixth parliamentary term, the European Parliament was concerned about the crisis affecting the fisheries sector. Four reports were devoted to this (‘reform of the system of providing financial aid for fishermen’, ‘coastal fishing’, ‘improvement of the economic situation in the fishing industry’ and ‘the implementation of the Common Market Organisation’), as was a resolution (on the ‘crisis in the fisheries sector caused by rising fuel prices’). Policy Department B made a contribution to the work of the Committee on Fisheries on this topic, with two external studies18.
Lastly, the Commission’s proposal on ‘a Community eco-labelling scheme (repeal of Regulation (EC) No 1980/2000)’ has currently revived Parliament’s report on ‘Launching a debate on a Community approach towards eco-labelling schemes for fisheries products’19. Since the issue is likely to resurface in the next parliamentary term, it should be borne in mind that the European Parliament had urged the Commission to submit a communication going over the minimum requirements and the guidelines to which a Community eco-labelling system for fishery products should adhere. Parliament had stressed that the Commission should promote such a system, lay down its rules, and ensure the independence of the specialised accreditation and certification bodies, and the credibility of the claims to such labelling.
18 Centro Tecnológico del Mar – Fundación CETMAR Spain Inshore Fisheries and the Problems Encountered
by Inshore Fishermen, European Parliament, 2005. LEI B.V., The Impact of the Increase of the Oil Price in European Fisheries, European Parliament, 2006.
19 T6-0347/2006, 7 September 2006, OEIL: www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/file.jsp?id=5281692.
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THE PRIORITIES FOR THE SEVENTH PARLIAMENTARY TERM: REFORM OF THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY Ever since it was created in 1983, the common fisheries policy (CFP) has been reviewed every 10 years. The last reform was adopted in 2002, and it will be re-examined in 2012 at the latest. The minimum content of the reform is laid down in Article 17(2) of Regulation (EC) No 2371/2002, which provides for an examination by the Council of the arrangements for access to the waters up to 12 nautical miles from baselines under Member States’ sovereignty or jurisdiction. However, the deficiencies in the CFP should lead the European institutions to go well beyond this simple examination, with a view to ensuring that fisheries are economically and environmentally viable. The reform of the CFP formed the subject of an informal ministerial meeting on 29 September 2008 under the French Presidency. The discussions at this meeting focused in particular on conservation policy and management of the fishing fleet. The Commission began the re-examination of the CFP by publishing the Green Paper of 22 April 2009. The aim is to pinpoint avenues for further exploration, with a view to future action. In an initial phase, the strengths and weaknesses of the current policy will be analysed, and the way in which it operates will be evaluated by comparing it with other fisheries management systems. Following publication of the Green Paper, a six-month consultation period will begin. The Commission expects to publish a summary of the public debate early in 2010. It would then conduct an impact analysis in the course of 2010, and go on to submit a reform proposal early in 2011. Under this timetable, the reform regulations should be adopted and enter into force in 2012. The Commission has on several occasions signalled its intention to relieve the European Parliament of questions that are too technical, which could delay or even impede the legislative procedures. It has already set out down this path, by providing for very extensive use of comitology in its proposal on conservation of fish stocks through technical measures. This approach would involve extensive delegation of legislative power. This delegation can bear only on non-essential elements of the legislative act in question, which it may, however, amend or supplement. Consequently, neither the general orientations of a legislative act nor the general principles that underpin it can be subject to delegation of power of this kind. In order to facilitate the legislative procedure without eroding the European Parliament’s remit as co-legislator, it is important to determine straight away, and for each part of the CFP:
• the key elements that cannot be subject to either delegation or execution in the traditional sense of the word;
• the non-essential elements of the act open to delegation with a view to amending or supplementing them; and
• the non-essential elements that could be specified or clarified (but not amended or supplemented), employing executive procedures.
23
In order to play a part in the debates on the reform, the Commission has launched a series of studies on various aspects of the CFP20. For example, it has just published a study on rights-based management, one of the key themes of the reform21. In September 2007, Policy Department B organised a workshop on this topic22. The reform of the CFP will be supplemented by reform of the Common Market Organisation (CMO) of fishery and aquaculture products, adoption of the proposed regulation for which is expected in October 2009. Policy Department B has produced a briefing note and an internal study on the subject23, and an external study has been conducted for the Commission24. Another dossier of substantial political importance is the Commission’s Communication on a strategy for the sustainable development of European aquaculture. This Communication was adopted on 8 April 2009, following the organisation of public consultation on this topic in 2007. It follows the lines of an earlier strategy adopted in 2002. The 2002 strategy achieved only a limited number of its objectives, in particular as regards increasing production (by 4% a year) and creating jobs (between 8 000 and 10 000). On top of the traditional obstacles and constraints, European aquaculture has since 2002 had to face up to increased competition from third-country production, crises in governance and, more recently, the effects of the economic crisis. An external study on this topic was conducted for the Commission25. At the request of the Committee on Fisheries and to help in its work on this dossier, Policy Department B launched three external studies:
• Evaluation of the impact of the strategy for the sustainable development of European aquaculture (COM(2002) 0511 final).
• Regulatory and legislative constraints on Community aquaculture production. • Competitiveness of European Community aquaculture, limitations and possible
strategies. 20 See http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies_reports_en.htm 21 MRAG et al., Part I: An analysis of existing Rights Based Management (RBM) instruments in Member States and on setting up best practices in the EU, Part II: Catalogue of Rights-Based Management Instruments in coastal EU Member States. European Commission, 2009. 22 Bjørn Hersoug, Torbjorn Trondsen, (The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø); Luc van Hoof, Maud Evrard (Wageningen UR IMARES); Thórólfur Matthiasson (University of Iceland), Rights based management. European Parliament, 2007. 23 Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, The Reform of the Common Organisation of the Market of Fisheries Products of 2000, European Parliament, 2007; Jesús Iborra Martín, Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies, Producers' Organisations and the Common Organisation of the Markets in Fisheries Products, European Parliament, 2008. 24 Ernst & Young et al., Evaluation of the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products. European Commission, 2008. 25 Ernst & Young et al., Review of economic performance and competitive performance of the EU aquaculture sector. European Commission, 2008.
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In July 2008, the Council adopted Regulation (EC) No 744/2008 instituting a temporary specific action aiming to promote the restructuring of the European Community fishing fleets affected by the economic crisis. This Regulation is designed to alleviate the most pressing economic and social problems, while at the same time tackling the fleet’s systemic overcapacity. In the third quarter of 2009, the Commission is due to submit to the European Parliament and the Council a report evaluating the effects of this Regulation.
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POLICY DEPARTMENT B AND ITS SUPPORT ROLE FOR
PARLIAMENT’S WORK The role of Policy Department B The Policy Departments were created in 2004 to provide the committees and the other
political bodies with expertise and research work in line with the European Parliament’s legislative and political priorities. Policy Department B is responsible for supporting Parliament’s work in the specific field of fisheries26. This support task takes concrete form in a number of ways27:
• The commissioning, follow-up and evaluation of external documents produced by experts (leading academics and consultants in a
specific field) on specific subjects, exclusively at the request of coordinators of the Committee on Fisheries. These documents take the form of studies (of more than 30 pages), briefing notes (of fewer than 30 pages) and impact assessments. The consultants are selected through competitive tendering. The deadline for delivery of an external study or briefing note depends on the contractual procedure chosen, the scope of the subject and, if applicable, the languages requested. However, the average time to delivery is six to nine months. The budget for expertise in the field of fisheries was € 337 191 in 2008. The sum allocated for 2009 was reduced to € 244 924, owing to the elections in 2009.
• Internal briefing notes or studies, produced by officials in Policy
Department B, at the request of the coordinators, Chair or secretariat of the Committee on Fisheries or other political bodies. Internal briefing notes may relate to major topics in the development of the CFP. They may also provide support, in the form of reference documents, to delegations of the Committee on Fisheries and Parliament representatives at either internal or external events. Internal briefing notes may also serve as a basis for European Parliament publications and/or brochures. The average time for provision of an internal briefing note depends on the subject matter and the complexity of the analysis required. In addition, a minimum of 45 days is required to perform translation, editing and printing tasks.
26 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies
(http://www.ipolnet.ep.parl.union.eu/ipolnet/cms/lang/en/pid/456). 27 Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies. Products
(http://www.ipolnet.ep.parl.union.eu/ipolnet/cms/op/edit/pid/2435).
26
• Organisation of expert workshops on topics chosen by coordinators of the
Committee on Fisheries. If necessary, joint workshops of the Committee on Fisheries and other committees can be organised. The participants (usually two to four) are covered by the expertise budget of Policy Department B in exchange for a briefing note and its presentation to a meeting of the Committee on Fisheries.
• Organisation of panels of external experts to provide ongoing support for
Members of the Committee on Fisheries on a dossier at the coordinators’ request. The experts are covered by the expertise budget of the Policy Department.
• The staff of the Policy Department may also take part in project teams
created by one or more parliamentary committees to provide reference material for the needs of the rapporteurs, coordinators and chairs. They may also provide rapporteurs with specialised advice on particularly important legislative proposals.
• Editing and updating of the Fact Sheets on the European Union, a European
Parliament publication that offers, in the form of briefing papers, an overview of Community policies and of the European Parliament’s contribution to the evolution of European integration. The Common Fisheries Policy is specifically covered in six fact sheets (Fact Sheets → Themes → Common Policies → The Common Fisheries Policy). The online version of the Fact Sheets28 is available in three languages: French, English and German. It is updated regularly. This year, a revised version of the Fact Sheets has also been launched on CD in all the Community languages, as well as a paper version in six languages (EN, FR, DE, IT, ES, PL).
The studies, external briefing notes and workshop documents produced in the field of fisheries are included in the European Parliament’s publications catalogue29. A monthly Policy Department B Newsletter is sent to the Members and bodies of the European Parliament with the latest information (studies published, workshops organised, etc.)30. From time to time, e-mails may also be sent, with documents of interest (studies, articles, statistics etc.). If you would like further information, please e-mail Policy Department B at this address: [email protected].
28 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/staticDisplay.do?language=EN&id=72 29 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies/catalog.do?language=EN 30 Newsletter – PD B (Archives): http://www.ipolnet.ep.parl.union.eu/ipolnet/cms/op/edit/pid/2436
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Latest publications of Policy Department B on fisheries
• Fisheries in Croatia. January 2009. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author:
Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Madeira. October 2008. Available in ES, DE, EL, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• FEUFAR: the Future of European Fisheries and Aquaculture Research. September 2008. Available in EN. Author: Luc van Hoof (EFARO, Association of European Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Institutes)
• New Ways to Improve the Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management. September 2008. Available in EN. Author: Willy Vanhee (ILVO, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Unit Animal Science)
• New Opportunities Offered by the Data Collection Regulation in the Fields of Biology and of the Economy (Council Regulation No 199/2008/EC). September 2008. Available in EN. Author: Antonio Di Natale (Aquastudio Research Institute)
• Strategic Research Priorities to the Common Fishery Policy (CFP) with Regard to Global Commitments (MSY, EAF, MSFD). September 2008. Available in EN. Authors: Philippe GROS, Alain Biseau, Jean-Marc Fromentin and Olivier Thébaud (IFREMER)
• Operational Problems and Difficulties Encountered in the Production of Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management. September 2008. Available in EN. Author: John Casey
• Producers Organisations and the Common Organisation of the Markets in Fisheries Products. September 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Iceland. September 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Ana Olivert-Amado (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in the Dodecanese Islands. August 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Marketing and Price Formation of Fisheries and Aquaculture Products. August 2008. Available in EN. Author: Philip Rodgers (Erinshore Ltd)
• Technical measures in the CFP and the reform of Council Regulation 850/98. August 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Authors: Stuart A. Reeves, Andrew S. Revill, Trevor P. Hutton and John K. Pinnegar (CEFAS)
• International Case Histories - Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries. May 2008. Available in EN. Author: Jake Rice (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada)
• Requirements for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management. May 2008. Available in EN. Author: Paul L. Connolly (The Marine Institute)
• Implementing an Ecosystem Approach in the Management of the Common Fisheries Policy. May 2008. Available in EN. Author: Adela Rey Aneiros (Sea Law Faculty, Coruña University)
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• The Role of Women in the Sustainable Development of European Fisheries Areas. May 2008. Available in EN. Author: Katia Frangoudes (Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR-AMURE)
• Fisheries in Norway. May 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Ana Olivert-Amado (European Parliament)
• The Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone (ZERP) in Croatia. February 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Ireland. February 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Ana Olivert-Amado (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Italy. January 2008. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, NL and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Deep Sea Stocks Management. December 2007. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Authors: Antoine Dosdat, Pascal Lorance, IFREMER; Matthew Gianni, UICN; Philip A. Large, CEFAS
• Rights Based Management in Fisheries. December 2007. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Authors: Bjørn Hersoug, Torbjorn Trondsen (The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø); Luc van Hoof, Maud Evrard (Wageningen UR IMARES); Thórólfur Matthiasson (University of Iceland)
• Environmental Effects of Fishing Gears and the Socioeconomic Consequences of Their Modification, Substitution or Suppression. September 2007. Available in EN. Author: Jose Franco (AZTI TECNALIA)
• Climate Change and European Fisheries. December 2007. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, and IT. Authors: Catriona Clemmesen, Jörn Schmidt (IFM-GEOMAR); Alexander Potrykus (BiPRO GmbH)
• Regional Dependency on Fisheries. July 2007. Available in EN. Authors: Pavel Salz, Framian, Graeme Macfadyen (Poseidon Ltd)
• The Reform of the Common Organisation of the Market of Fisheries Products of 2000. June 2007. Available in ES, EN and FR. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Estonia. May 2007. Available in ES, DE, ET, EN, FR and SV. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Aquaculture in the Eastern Mediterranean: Greece, Turkey and Cyprus. March 2007. Available in ES, DE, EL, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Perspectives for the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement Study. February 2007. Available in ES, DE and EN. Author: (Oceanlaw Information and Consultancy Services)
• Fisheries in Martinique. January 2007. Available in ES, EL, EN, FR and IT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Portugal. July 2006. Available in ES, DE, EL, EN, FR and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: Developments, Challenges and Perspectives. June 2006. Available in EN, DE, FR, ES, IT and PT. Author: MegaPesca Lda, OceanLaw Information & Consultancy Services
• The Impact of the Increase of the Oil Price in European Fisheries. June 2006. Available in EN, DE, ES, FR, IT and PT. Authors: Pavel Salz (Framian), Jos Smit (LEI B.V)
• Fisheries in France. April 2006. Available in ES, DE, EN, FR, IT and PT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Greece. April 2006. Available in ES, DE, EL, EN, FR and IT. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament)
• Fisheries in Italy. March 2006. Available in ES, DE, EL, FR, IT and NL. Author: Jesús Iborra Martín (European Parliament).
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OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ► Committee on Fisheries http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/homeCom.do?language=EN&body=PECH ► The Trawler/Le Chalutier http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/publicationsCom.do?language=EN&body=PECH ► Legislative Observatory http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/index.jsp?language=en ► Studies http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies.do?language=EN ► Fact Sheets http://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/expert/displayFtu.do?language=EN&id=74&ftuId=index.html ► Library http://www.library.ep.ec ► Library briefings http://www.library.ep.ec/library-cms/services/briefings-sacp.jsp?pid=03-05-02 ► Library publications catalogue http://www.library.ep.ec/library-opac/searchsimple.action?pid=04 EUROPEAN COMMISSION ► EUROPA – General information on the activities of the EU – Fisheries and maritime affairs section http://europa.eu/pol/fish/index_en.htm ► European Union policies http://ec.europa.eu/policies/index_en.htm ► Common fisheries policy http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp_en.htm ► Aquaculture and processing http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/aquaculture_processing_en.htm ► Fact sheet on the EU’s fishing fleet http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/fleet/index.cfm?lg=EN ► Maritime affairs http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/index_en.html ► FIDES (Fisheries Data Exchange System) http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/ida/Home/main ► EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1090,30070682,1090_33076576&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL ► Studies and reports on the CFP
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http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies_reports_en.htm ► Fish and fish-based products – Lists of third-country establishments http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/establishments/third_country/index_en.htm ► Research Directorate-General http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/research/index_en.html ► Development Directorate-General (Fisheries) http://ec.europa.eu/development/policies/9interventionareas/environment/fisheries/fish_en.cfm?CFID=1426862&CFTOKEN=3880977939d6c1b3-CC197BE0-05F6-1944-79D8E1FCDF80181B&jsessionid=080695c4cdf973bb7061 ► Environment Directorate-General (Fisheries) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/fisheries_en.htm ► Enlargement Directorate-General http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/index_en.htm ► Trade and Fisheries http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/sectoral/agri_fish/fish/index_en.htm ADVISORY BODIES ► International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES/CIEM) http://www.ices.dk/ ► Advisory Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture (ACFA/CCPA) http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/governance/acfa_en.htm ► Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF/CSTEP) https://stecf.jrc.ec.europa.eu/home ► North Sea RAC http://www.nsrac.org/ ► Pelagic RAC http://www.pelagic-rac.org ► North Western Waters RAC http://www.nwwrac.org ► Baltic Sea RAC http://www.bsrac.org ► South Western Waters RAC http://www.ccr-s.eu ► Long Distance Fleet RAC http://www.ldrac.eu ► Mediterranean Sea RAC Set up 1 April 2009 OTHER EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS ► Community Fisheries Control Agency (CFCA) www.cfca.europa.eu ► Council (Agriculture and Fisheries) http://www.consilium.europa.eu/App/newsroom/loadbook.aspx?BID=100&LANG=2&cmsid=355 ► Court of Justice http://curia.europa.eu/en/index.htm ► Court of Auditors http://eca.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eca_main_pages/splash_page ► European Economic and Social Committee http://eesc.europa.eu/index_en.asp ► Committee of the Regions http://www.cor.europa.eu/pages/HomeTemplate.aspx ► European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
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http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_home.htm ► European Environment Agency (EEA) http://www.eea.europa.eu/ REGIONAL FISHERIES ORGANISATIONS ► Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) www.ccamlr.org ► Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) http://www.ccsbt.org/ ► General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM/CGPM) http://www.gfcm.org/gfcm ► Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC/CIATT) http://www.iattc.org/ ► International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT/CICTA) http://www.iccat.int/en/ ► Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic Fisheries (CECAF/COPACE) http://www.intfish.plus.com/orgs/fisheries/cecaf.htm ► Western Central Atlantic Fisheries Commission (WECAFC/COPACO) http://www.intfish.plus.com/orgs/fisheries/wecafc.htm ► North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC/CPANE) http://www.neafc.org/ ► Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC/CTOI) http://www.iotc.org/English/index.php ► Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO/OPANO) http://www.nafo.int/ ► South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO/OPASE) http://www.seafo.org/ ► North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation (NASCO/OSCAN) http://www.nasco.int/ ► International Dolphin Conservation Program (IDCP/PIPCD) http://www.iattc.org/IDCPENG.htm ► Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) http://www.wcpfc.int/ OTHER INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ► FAO. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department http://www.fao.org/fishery/en ► United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (CNUDM/UNCLOS) http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/contents.htm ► Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS) http://www.service-board.de/ascobans_neu/index0101.html ► Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea (ACCOBAMS) http://www.accobams.org/ ► Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helsinki Commission, HELCOM) http://www.helcom.fi/home/en_GB/welcome/ ► Convention for the Protection of the marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) http://www.ospar.org/ ► Mediterranean Action Plan for the Barcelona Convention (MAP)
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http://www.unepmap.org/index.php?action=&catid=001001004&module=content2&mode=&s_keywords=&s_title=&s_year=&s_category=&id=&page=&s_descriptors=&s_type=&s_author=&s_final=&s_mnumber=&s_sort=&lang=en ► OECD. Trade and Agriculture Directorate http://www.oecd.org/department/0,3355,fr_2649_33901_1_1_1_1_1,00.html► The World Bank http://www.worldbank.org/
MINISTRIES ► Austria, Ministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft http://www.lebensministerium.at/en/home/ ► Belgium, Ministerie van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap. Beleidsdomein Landbouw & Visserij http://www2.vlaanderen.be/ned/sites/landbouw/visserij/index.html ► Bulgaria, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry http://www.mzgar.government.bg/mz_eng/default.asphttp://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0150&n=000017&g= ► Czech Republic, Ministry of Agriculture http://www.mze.cz/http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0150&n=000017&g= ► Denmark, Ministeriet for fødevarer, landbrug og fiskeri http://www.fvm.dk/ ► Estonia, Ministry of Agriculture http://www.agri.ee/eng/ ► Finland, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry http://www.mmm.fi/ ► France, Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la pêche http://www.agriculture.gouv.fr/ ► Germany, Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten http://www.bml.de/ ► Greece, Ministry of Agriculture http://www.minagric.gr/ ► Hungary, Ministry of Agriculture http://www.fvm.hu/main.php?folderID=850&seturl=folder&setlang=eng ► Iceland, Ministry of Fisheries http://eng.sjavarutvegsraduneyti.is/ ► Ireland, Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources http://www.dcenr.gov.ie/ ► Italy, Pesca e Acquacoltura http://www.politicheagricole.it/default.htm ► Lithuania, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Department http://www.zum.lt/min/OS/dsp_struktura.cfm?StambesnisID=81&langparam=EN ► Luxembourg, Service Chasse et pêche http://www.environnement.public.lu/ ► Malta, Ministry for Rural Affairs and the Environment http://mrae.gov.mt/ ► The Netherlands, Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer en Visserij http://www.minlnv.nl/ ► Norway, Ministry of Fisheries http://odin.dep.no/fid/engelsk/index-b-n-a.html ► Norway’s official site on seafood safety and resource and aquaculture management http://www.fisheries.no/ ► Poland, Ministry of Agriculture http://www.minrol.gov.pl/DesktopDefault.aspx
33
► Portugal, Direcção Geral das Pescas http://www.dg-pescas.pt/ ► Portugal, Direcção Regional de Pescas da Região Autónoma da Madeira http://www.sra.pt/drp/ ► Romania, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development http://mapam.ro/ ► Slovakia, Ministry of Agriculture http://www.land.gov.sk/en/?start ► Slovenia, Ministry of Agriculture http://www.gov.si/vrs/ang/government/ ► Spain, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación http://www.mapya.es/ ► Spain, Fondo de Regulación y Organización del Mercado de los Productos de la Pesca y Cultivos Marinos (FROM) http://from.mapa.es/ ► Sweden, Jordbruksdepartementet http://jordbruk.regeringen.se/ ► United Kingdom, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs http://www.defra.gov.uk/default.htm
OTHER
► Aqualex Multimedia Consortium http://www.aqualex.org/ ► Aquamedia http://www.aquamedia.org/home/default_en.asp ► COPA-COGECA http://www.copa-cogeca.be/http://www.copa-cogeca.be/index.asp ► European Association of Fish Producers Organisations http://www.eapo.com/ ► European Association of Fisheries Economists (EAFE) http://www.eafe-fish.org/ ► Europêche http://www.europeche.org/ ► Federation of European Aquaculture Producers (FEAP) http://www.feap.info/ ► Internet Guide to International Fisheries Law http://www.intfish.net/ ► REFOPE - European Network for Fisheries Training and Employment http://www.refope.org/en/index.html
34
35
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACCOBAMS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic area
ACCP/CFCA Community Fisheries Control Agency
ACFA/CCPA Advisory Committee on Fisheries and Aquaculture
ASCOBANS Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas
CCAMLR Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
CECAF/COPACE Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic Fisheries
CFP Common Fisheries Policy
CMO Common Market Organisation
EAGF European Agricultural Guarantee Fund
EAGGF European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund
EEC European Economic Community
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone
EFF European Fisheries Fund
EP European Parliament
EPZ Ecological protection zone
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
FIFG Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance
FPAs Fisheries partnership agreements
GFCM/CGPM General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean
GOOS/SMOO Global Ocean Observing System
HELCOM Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helsinki Commission)
IATTC/CIATT Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission
ICCAT/CICTA International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas
ICES/CIEM International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
IDCP/PIPCD International Dolphin Conservation Program
IMO/OMI International Maritime Organisation
IMP Integrated maritime policy
IO Interprofessional organisation
36
IOTC/CTOI Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
ISSCFG International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear
IUU Illegal, undeclared and unregulated fishing
MAP/PAM Mediterranean Action Plan for the Barcelona Convention
MGPs Multiannual guidance programmes
MS European Union Member State
MSY Maximum sustainable yield
NAFO/OPANO Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation
NASCO/OSCAN North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organisation
NEAFC/CPANE North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission
OJEU Official Journal of the European Union
OP Operational Programme
OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic
PO Producers’ organisation
RACs Regional Advisory Councils
RBM Rights-based management
RFMOs Regional Fisheries Management Organisations
RFOs Regional Fisheries Organisations
SEAFO/OPASE South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation
STECF/CSTEP Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries
TACs Total allowable catches
TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
UNCED/CNUED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
UNCLOS/CNUDM United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay Convention)
VMS/SNS Vessel Monitoring Surveillance/surveillance des navires par satellite
WCPFC Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
WECAFC/COPACO Western Central Atlantic Fisheries Commission
37
ANNEX: ORGANISATION CHART OF THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR
MARITIME AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES (DG MARE) at 08.05.2009
DIRECTOR-GENERAL Fokion FOTIADIS
Assistant: Gilles BERTRAND Internal Audit: Lars MUHRBECK
DIRECTORATE A: POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATION Cesar DEBÉN ALFONSO
Advisers Scientific matters: Poul DEGNBOL Social matters and simplification: Giorgio GALLIZIOLI
A/1 - Maritime policy Paul NEMITZ
A/2 - Common fisheries policy and aquaculture Jean-Claude CUEFF
A/3 - Structural policy and economic analysis Slawomir TOKARSKI
A/4 - Fisheries control policy Valérie LAINÉ
DIRECTORATE B: INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND MARKETS Pierre AMILHAT
B/1 - International Affairs, Law of the Sea and Regional Fisheries Organisations
Constantin ALEXANDROU
B/2 - Fisheries control in international waters Willem BRUGGE
B/3 - Bilateral agreements Fabrizio DONATELLA
B/4 - Trade and markets Christian RAMBAUD
DIRECTORATE C: ATLANTIC, OUTERMOST REGIONS AND ARCTIC Reinhard PRIEBE
Advisers Norway and NEAFC: John SPENCER Conservation and environment : Armando ASTUDILLO
C/1 - Maritime policy: Atlantic, outermost regions and Arctic
Eddy HARTOG
C/2 - Fisheries conservation and controlAtlantic and outermost regions
Maria De La Fuensanta CANDELA CASTILLO
C/3 - Structural actions: Ireland, Spain, France, Portugal and United Kingdom; Horizontal management of data collection
Veronika VEITS
38
DIRECTORATE D: MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA Carla Montesi
D/1 - Maritime policy: Mediterranean and Black Sea Fabrizia BENINI
D/2 - Fisheries conservation and control: Mediterranean and Black Sea, and horizontal management of fisheries data
John MALLETT
D/3 - Structural actions: Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Cyprus, Malta, Romania, Slovenia
Stephanos SAMARAS
DIRECTORATE E: BALTIC SEA, NORTH SEA AND LANDLOCKED MEMBER STATES
Acting: Ernesto PENAS LADO Adviser Conservation and environment: Olle HAGSTRÖM
E/1 - Maritime policy: Baltic and North Sea Acting: Haitze SIEMERS
E/2 - Fisheries conservation and controlBaltic and North Sea
Ernesto PENAS LADO
E/3 - Structural actions: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland, Sweden and landlocked Member States
Alberto SPAGNOLLI
DIRECTORATE F: RESOURCES Daniela GHEORGHE
Advisers Ilona JEPSENA
F/1 - Budget, public procurement and control Mark JOHNSTON
F/2 - Information, communication, interinstitutional relations, evaluation and programming
Emmanouil-Giorgios PAPAIOANNOU
F/3 - Human resources, IT and document management Agnes LINDEMANS
F/4 - Legal matters Friedrich WIELAND
39
TERMINOLOGICAL ANNEX
FISHING GEAR31
EN: Surrounding nets IT: Reti da circuizione FR: Filets tournants NL: Ringnetten ES: Redes de cerco PL: Sieci okrążające DE: Umschließungsnetze SV: Ringnot DA: Omkredsende net PT: Redes de cercar EL: Κυκλωτικά δίχτυα
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: PS EN: Purse seines FR: Sennes coulissantes ES: Redes de cerco con jareta DE: Ringwaden DA: Not IT: Ciancioli NL: Ringzegen PL: Okrężnice SV: Snörpvad PT: Redes de cerco com retenida EL: Γρι γρι
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LA
EN: Lampara nets FR: Sans coulisse (lamparo) ES: Sin jareta (lámparo) DE: Ohne Schließleine (Lamparo) DA: Uden snurpewire (lampara) IT: Lampare NL: Zonder sluitlijn (lampara) PL: Lampary SV: Utan snörplinor (lampara) PT: Sem retenida (lâmpara) EL: Χωρίς συστολέα (lamparo)
31 Illustrations: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), www.fao.org.
40
EN: Seines IT: Sciabiche FR: Sennes NL: Zegen ES: Redes de jábega PL: Ciągnione DE: Wadennetze SV: Not DA: Vod PT: Redes envolventes arrastantes EL: Γρίποι
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: SB
EN: Beach seines FR: Sennes de plage ES: Artes de playa DE: Strandwaden DA: Strandvod IT: Sciabiche da spiaggia NL: Strandzegen PL: Niewody dobrzeżne SV: Landvadar PT: Redes de alar para a praia EL: Πεζότρατες
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: SDN EN: Danish seines FR: Sennes danoises ES: Redes danesas DE: Snurrewaden DA: Snurrevod IT: Sciabiche danesi NL: Deense zegen PL: Niewody duńskie (zakotwiczone) SV: Snurrevadar PT: Redes de cerco dinamarquesas EL: Δανέζικοι γρίποι
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: SSC EN: Scottish seines FR: Sennes écossaises ES: Cercos escoceses DE: Schottische Wadennetze DA: Flyshootervod IT: Sciabiche scozzesi NL: Schotse zegen PL: Niewody szkockie (trałująco–pływające) SV: Flytvadar PT: Redes escocesas EL: Σκοτσέζικοι γρίποι
41
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: SPR EN: Pair seines FR: Sennes manoeuvrées par deux bateaux ES: Cercos a la pareja DE: Zweischiff-Wadennetze DA: Vod trukket af to fartøjer IT: Sciabiche a due natanti NL: Spanzegen PL: Niewody tukowe SV: Parnotar PT: Redes manobradas por dois navios EL: Γρίποι
42
EN: Trawls IT: Reti da traino FR: Chaluts NL: Sleepnetten ES: Redes de arrastre PL: Włóczone DE: Schleppnetze SV: Trålare DA: Trawl PT: Redes de arrasto EL: Τράτες
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: TBB EN: Beam trawl FR: Chaluts à perche ES: Redes de arrastre de vara DE: Baumkurren DA: Bomtrawl IT: Sfogliare NL: Boomkor PL: Włoki rozprzowe SV: Bomtrål PT: Redes de arrasto de vara EL: Δοκότρατες
Source: Polet 2000
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: OTB EN: Bottom otter trawl FR: Chaluts de fond à panneaux ES: Redes de arrastre de fondo de puertas DE: Grundscherbrettnetze DA: Énbådsbundtrawl IT: Reti a strascico a divergenti NL: Demersale bordentrawl PL: Włoki denne SV: Trål med trålbord PT: Redes de arrasto pelo fundo EL: Τράτες βυθού με πόρτες
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: PTB
EN: Bottom pair trawls FR: Chaluts-boeufs de fond ES: Redes de arrastre de fondo a la pareja DE: Zweischiff-Grundschleppnetze DA: Bundtrawl til partrawling IT: Reti a strascico a coppia NL: Bodemspannet PL: Tuki denne SV: Partrålar PT: Redes de arrasto pelo fundo para pesca em parelha EL: Τράτες βυθού με πόρτες
43
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: OTM
EN: Midwater otter trawls FR: Chaluts pélagiques à panneaux ES: Redes de arrastre pelágico de puertas DE: Pelagische Scherbrettnetze DA: Énbådsflydetrawl IT: Reti da traino pelagiche a divergenti NL: Pelagische bordentrawl PL: Włoki pelagiczne SV: Trål med trålbord PT: Rede de arrasto pelágico comportas EL: Πελαγικές τράτες με πόρτες
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: PTM EN: Pelagic pair trawls FR: Chaluts-boeufs pélagiques ES: Redes de arrastre pelágico a la pareja DE: Pelagische Zweischiff-Netze DA: Flydetrawl til partrawling IT: Reti da traino pelagiche a coppia NL: Pelagisch spannet PL: Tuka pelagiczna SV: Partrålar PT: Redes de arrasto pelágico de parelha EL: Πελαγικές τράτες με ζευγαρωτά σκάφη
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: OTT EN: Otter twin trawls FR: Chaluts jumeaux à panneaux ES: Redes gemelas de arrastre DE: Scherbrett-Hosennetze DA: Dobbelttrawl IT: Reti gemelle a divergenti NL: Dubbele bordentrawl PL: Zestaw dwuwłokowy SV: Dubbeltrål PT: Redes de arrasto geminadas com portas EL: Τράτες με πόρτες με ζευγαρωτά σκάφη
44
EN: Dredges IT: Draghe FR: Dragues NL: Korren ES: Rastras PL: Dragi DE: Dredgen SV: Skrapredskap DA: Skrabere PT: Dragas EL: Δράγες
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG:
DRB EN: Boat dredges FR: Dragues remorquées par bateau ES: Rastras para embarcación DE: Von Boot gezogene Dredgen DA: Skraber (trukket af fartøj) IT: Draghe tirate da natanti NL: Door een vaartuig gesleepte kor PL: Dragi łodziowe SV: Skrapor som används från fartyg PT: Dragas rebocadas por navio EL: Δράγες που σύρονται από σκάφος
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: DRH
EN: Hand dredges used on board a vessel FR: Dragues à main utilisée à bord d'un bateau ES: Dragas de mano utilizadas a bordo de un buque DE: Von Boot eingesetzte Handdredgen DA: Håndbetjent skraber IT: Draghe a mano usate a bordo NL: Vanaf een vaartuig bediende handkor PL: Ręczne dragi statkowe SV: Handskrapor PT: Dragas de mão utilizadas a bordo de um navio EL: Δράγες χειρός των οποίων ο χειρισμός γίνεται από σκάφος
Source: http://www.mapa.es/
45
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG:
HMD EN: Mechanised dredges including suction dredges FR: Dragues mécanisées incluses les dragues suceuses ES: Dragas mecanizadas incluidas las dragas de succión DE: Mechanische Dredgen einschließlich Saugdredgen DA: Mekaniserede skrabere, herunder sugeskrabere IT: Draghe meccaniche comprese le turbosoffianti NL: Gemechaniseerde dreg, eventueel met zuiger PL: Dragi mechaniczne SV: Mekaniska skrapor, även sugskrapor PT: Dragas mecanizadas, incluindo as dragas hidráulicas EL: Μηχανικές δράγες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των απορροφητικών δραγών
Source: Ferretti 2000
46
EN: Lift nets IT: Reti da raccolta FR: Filets soulevés NL: Kruisnetten ES: Redes izadas PL: Podrywki DE: Senk- und Hebenetze SV: Sänkhåvar DA: Løftenet PT: Redes de sacada EL: Δίχτυα τύπου (αθερινολό-γου)
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LNB EN: Boat operated lift nets FR: Filets soulevés manoeuvrés par bateau ES: Redes izadas maniobradas desde embarcación DE: Von Booten ausgesetzt (Senktuch) DA: Synkenot IT: Reti da raccolta manovrate da natanti NL: Vanaf een vaartuig bediend kruisnet PL: Podrywki łodziowe SV: Sänkhåvar som används från båtar PT: Redes de sacada manobradas por embarcações EL: Δίχτυα τύπου «αθερινολόγου», των οποίων ο χει-ρισμός γίνεται από σκάφος
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LNS EN: Shore operated stationary lift nets FR: Filets soulevés fixes manoeuvrés du rivage ES: Redes izadas maniobradas desde la costa DE: Stationär vom Ufer eingesetzt DA: Faststående løftenet IT: Quadre NL: Vanaf de wal bediend kruisnet PL: Stacjonarne podrywki brzegowe SV: Fasta sänkhåvar som används från stranden PT: Redes de sacada manobradas de terra EL: Δίχτυα τύπου «αθερινολόγου» σταθερά των οποίων ο χειρισμός γίνεται από την ακτή
47
EN: Gill nets and entangling nets IT: Reti da imbrocco e da posta impiglianti FR: Filets maillants et filets emmêlants NL: Kieuw- en warrelnetten ES: Redes de enmalle y redes de enredo PL: Stacjonarne podrywki brzegowe DE: Kiemen- und Verwickelnetze SV: Bottengarn och insnärjningsnät DA: Garn PT: Redes de emalhar e redes de enredar EL: Απλάδια δίχτυα και δίχτυα εμπλοκής
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: GNS
EN: Set (anchored) gillnets FR: Filets maillants calés (ancrés) ES: Redes de enmalle caladas (volantas) DE: Stellnetze DA: Bundsat garn IT: Reti da posta calate (ancorate) NL: Geankerd kieuwnet PL: Sieci skrzelowe stawne SV: Fasta bottengarn (förankrade) PT: Redes de emalhar fundeadas EL: Στάσιμα απλάδια δίχτυα (αγκυροβολημένα)
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: GND
EN: Driftnet FR: Filets maillants dérivants (filets dérivants) ES: Redes de enmalle de deriva DE: Treibnetze DA: Drivgarn IT: Reti da posta derivanti NL: Drijfnet PL: Sieci skrzelowe dryfujące SV: Drivgarn med maskor PT: Redes de emalhar de deriva EL: Παρασυρόμενα απλάδια δίχτυα
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: GNC
EN: Encircling gillnets FR: Filets maillants encerclants ES: Redes de enmalle de cerco DE: Umschließende Kiemennetze DA: Omkredsende garn IT: Reti da posta circuitanti NL: Omringend kieuwnet PL: Sieci skrzelowe okrążające SV: Instängningsnät PT: Redes de emalhar envolventes EL: Κυκλωτικά απλάδια δίχτυα
48
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: GTR EN: Trammel nets FR: Trémails ES: Redes atrasmalladas DE: Trammelnetze DA: Toggegarn IT: Reti a tremaglio NL: Schakel PL: Sieci oplątujące SV: Grimgarn PT: Tresmalhos EL: Μανωμένα δίχτυα
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: GTNEN: Combined trammel and gillnets FR: Trémails et filets maillants combinés ES: Redes atrasmalladas y redes de enmalle combinadas DE: Kombinierte Kiemen/Trammelnetze DA: Kombineret garn og toggegarn IT: Incastellate NL: Gecombineerd kieuwnet en schakel PL: Sieci oplątująco-skrzelowe SV: Kombinerade botten- och grimgarn PT: Redes mistas de emalhar-tresmalho EL: Συνδυασμός μανωμένων και απλαδιών διχτυών
49
EN: Traps IT: Trappole FR: Pièges NL: Korven ES: Artes de trampa PL: Pułapkowe DE: Fallen SV: Fällor DA: Fælder PT: Armadilhas EL: Παγίδες
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: FPO EN: Pots (traps) FR: Nasses (casiers) ES: Nasas DE: Fangkörbe (Korbreusen) DA: Tejne IT: Nasse NL: Korf (kubbe) PL: Narzędzia pułapkowe SV: Fallnät med fast ram PT: Nassas (covos) EL: Κοφινέλα (κιούρτοι)
50
EN: Hooks and lines IT: Lenze e ami FR: Lignes et hameçons NL: Lijnen en haken ES: Líneas y anzuelos PL: Haczykowe DE: Leinen und Haken SV: Krokar och linor DA: Liner og kroge PT: Linhas e anzóis EL: Παραγάδια και αγκίστρια
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LHP EN: Hand lines and pole lines (hand operated) FR: Lignes à main et lignes à cannes (manoeuvrées à la main) ES: Líneas de mano y líneas de caña (maniobradas a mano) DE: Hand- und Angelleinen (von Hand bedient) DA: Håndsnøre og kastesnøre IT: Lenze a mano e a canna (manovrate a mano) NL: Handlijn of hengellijn (met de hand bediend) PL: Haczykowe SV: Pilk- och angelgarn (handstyrda) PT: Linhas de mão e linhas de vara (operadas manualmente) EL: Πετονιές χειρός και πετονιές με καλάμι (των οποίων ο χειρισμός γίνεται με το χέρι)
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LHM EN: Hand lines and pole lines (mechanised) FR: Lignes à main et lignes avec cannes (mécanisées) ES: Líneas de mano y líneas de caña (mecanizadas) DE: Hand- und Angelleinen (mechanisiert) DA: Pilkemaskine IT: Lenze a mano e a canna (meccanizzate) NL: Handlijn of hengellijn (gemechaniseerd) PL: Wędy zmechanizowane SV: Pilk- och angelgarn (pilkmaskinsstyrda) PT: Linhas de mão e linhas de vara (mecanizadas) EL: Πετονιές χειρός και πετονιές με καλάμι (των οποίων ο χειρισμός γίνεται με τη βοήθεια μηχανής)
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LLS EN: Set longlines FR: Palangres calées ES: Palangres calados DE: Langleinen DA: Langline til bundfiskeri IT: Palangari fissi NL: Grondbeug PL: Wędy zmechanizowane SV: Förankrade backor/långrevar PT: Palangres fundeadas EL: Στάσιμα παραγάδια
51
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LLD EN: Longlines (drifting) FR: Palangres dérivantes ES: Palangres de deriva DE: Treibleinen DA: Flydeline IT: Palangari derivanti NL: Drijvende beug PL: Takle dryfujące SV: Drivande backor/långrevar PT: Palangres de deriva EL: Παρασυρόμενα παραγάδια
Abbreviation CSITEP / ISSCFG: LTL EN: Troll lines FR: Lignes de traîne ES: Caceas DE: Schleppangeln DA: Dørgeline IT: Lenze trainate NL: Sleeplijnen PL: Troling SV: Dörjlinor PT: Corricos EL: Συρτές
52
SPECIES LANDED
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Clupea harengus
13,5%her (P)
Atlantic herring
Hareng de l'Atlantique
Arenque del Atlántico
Atlantischer Fadenhering
Atlantisk trådsild
Alaccia vessillifera
Atlantische draadvinnige haring
Opistonema atlantycka
Atlantisk trådsill
Machete do Atlântico
Vηματόρεγγα του Ατλαντικού
Sprattus sprattus
9,3%spr (P)
European sprat
Sprat Espadín Sprotte Brisling Spratto Sprot Szprot Szprot Espadilha Παπαλίνα
Micromesistius poutassou
7,6%whb (P)
Blue whiting Merlan bleu Bacaladilla Blauer Wittling
Blåhvilling Melù Blauwe wijting
Błękitek Błękitek Verdinho Προσφυγάκι
Ammodytes spp 5,3%san (D)
Sandeels nei Lançons nca Lanzones nep Sandaale Tobisslægt Cicerello Zandspieringen
Dobijakowate Tobisar Amodíteo αμμοδύτης ο λογχοειδής
Scomber scombrus
4,7%mac (P)
Atlantic mackerel
Maquereau commun
Caballa del Atlántico
Europäische Makrele
Almindelig makrel
Sgombro, Maccarello
Makreel Makrela atlantycka
Makrill Sarda σκουμπρί
Sardina pilchardus
4,6%
pil
European pilchard
Sardine commune
Sardina europea
Sardine Europæisk sardin
Sardina Sardine Sardynka europejska
Sardin Sardinha Σαρδέλα
Trachurus trachurus
3,1%
hom (P)
Atlantic horse mackerel
Chinchard d'Europe
Jurel Holzmakrele Almindelig hestemakrel
Sugarello Horsmakreel Ostrobok Taggmakrill Carapau-branco
σαμπανιός
Engraulis encrasicolus
2,4%ane (P)
European anchovy
Anchois Boquerón Sardelle Europæisk ansjos
Acciuga Ansjovis Sardela europejska
Ansjovis Biqueirão Γαύρος
Katsuwonus pelamis
2,4%
skj
Skipjack tuna Listao Listado Echter Bonito Bugstribet bonit
Tonnetto striato
Gestreepte tonijn
Bonito Bonit Gaiado Παλαμίδα
Gadus morhua 2,3%
cod (D)
Atlantic cod Morue de l'Atlantique
Bacalao del Atlántico
Kabeljau Atlantisk torsk Merluzzo bianco
Atlantische kabeljauw
Dorsz Torsk Bacalhau-do-atlântico
γάδος
Trachurus spp 2,0%jax (P)
Jack and horse mackerels nei
Chinchards noirs nca
Jureles nep Stöcker Hestemakrelarter
Suri Horsmakrelen Ostroboki Taggmakrillar Carapaus Σαυρίδια
* () Species subject to TACs and quotas. (D) Demersal species (P) Pelagic species (H) Deep-sea species
53
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Thunnus albacares
1,6%
yft
Yellowfin tuna Albacore Rabil Gelbflossenthun
Gulfinnet tun Tonno pinna gialla
Geelvintonijn Tuńczyk złoty Gulfenad tonfisk
Atum-albacora
τόνος κιτρινόπτερος
Sardinella aurita 1,5%
saa
Round sardinella
Allache Alacha Ohrensardine Rund sardinel Sardella d'Africa
Gouden sardinella
Sardynela Rund sardinell
Sardinela lombuda
φρίσσα
Merluccius merluccius
1,4%hke (D)
European hake
Merlu européen
Merluza europea
Seehecht Europæisk kulmule
Nasello Heek Morszczuk Kummel Pescada-branca
Μπακαλιάρος
Pleuronectes platessa
1,3%
ple (D)
European plaice
Plie d'Europe Solla europea Scholle Rødspætte Passera Schol Gładzica Rödspätta Solha ευρωπαϊκή χωματίδα
Mytilus edulis 1,3%
mus
Blue mussel Moule commune
Mejillón común
Pfahlmuschel Blåmusling Mitilo comune Mossel Omułek jadalny
Blåmussla Mexilhão vulgar
μύδι
Nephrops norvegicus
1,2%
nep (D)
Norway lobster
Langoustine Cigala Kaisergranat Jomfruhummer
Scampo Langoustine Homarzec Havskräfta Lagostim Καραβίδα
Pollachius virens
1,2%
pok (D)
Saithe (=Pollock)
Lieu noir Carbonero (=Colín)
Seelachs Sej Merluzzo carbonaro
Koolvis Czarniak Gråsej Escamudo μαύρος μπακαλιάρος
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
1,0%
had (D)
Haddock Eglefin Eglefino Schellfisch Kuller Eglefino Schelvis Plamiak Kolja Arinca μελανόγραμμος γάδος
Pecten maximus 0,9%
sce
Great Atlantic scallop
Coquille StJacques atlantique
Vieira (=Concha de Santiago)
Südatlantische Kammuschel
Ribbet kammusling
Cappasanta sudatlantica
Zuidatlantische mantel
Przegrzebek zwyczajny
Egentlig pilgrimsmussla
Vieira do Atlântico Sul
χτένι
Crangon crangon
0,7%
csh
Common shrimp
Crevette grise Quisquilla Granat Sandhest Gamberetto grigio
Noordzeegarnaal
Garnela Sandräka Camarão negro
σταχτογαρίδα
54
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Trisopterus esmarkii
0,7%nop (D)
Norway pout Tacaud norvégien
Faneca noruega
Stintdorsch Sperling Merluzzo norvegese
Kever Okowiel Vitlinglyra Faneca-norueguesa
σύκο της Νορβηγίας
Cancer pagurus 0,7%
cre
Edible crab Tourteau Buey de mar Taschenkrebs Almindelig taskekrabbe
Granciporro Noordzeekrab Krab kieszeniec
Krabbtaska Sapateira κάβουρας
Thunnus alalunga
0,7%
alb
Albacore Germon Atún blanco Weißer Thun Hvid tun Alalunga Witte tonijn Tuńczyk długopłetwy
Vit tonfisk Atum-voador Τόνος μακρύπτερος
Scomber japonicus
0,6%mas
Chub mackerel
Maquereau espagnol
Estornino Spanische Makrele
Spansk makrel
Sgombro Spaanse makreel
Makrela japońska
Stillahavsmakrill
Cavala-do-japão
κολιός
Merlangius merlangus
0,6%
whg (D)
Whiting Merlan Plegonero, Merlán
Wittling Hvilling Merluzzetto bruno
Wijting Witlinek Vitling Badejo νταούκι του Ατλαντικού
Xiphias gladius 0,6%
swo (P)
Swordfish Espadon Pez espada Schwertfisch Sværdfisk Pesce spada Zwaardvis Miecznik Svärdfisk Espadarte Ξιφίας
Sardinella spp 0,5%six
Sardinellas nei
Sardinelles nca
Sardinelas nep
Sardinellen Sardineller Alacce Sardinella's Sardynela Sardineller Sardinelas τριχιοί
Solea solea 0,5%
sol (D)
Common sole Sole commune
Lenguado común
Gemeine Seezunge
Almindelig tunge
Sogliola Tong Sola zwyczajna
Tunga Linguado γλώσσα
Prionace glauca 0,5%
bsh
Blue shark Peau bleue Tiburón azul Blauhai Blåhaj Verdesca Blauwe haai żarłacz błękitny
Blåhaj Tintureira γλαυκοκαρχαρίας
Sebastes spp 0,5%
red
Atlantic redfishes nei
Sébastes de l'Atlantique nca
Gallinetas del Atlántico nep
Rotbarsch Rødfiskarter Scorfani del Nord
Roodbaarzen Karmazyn Kungsfiskar Cantarilhos-do-norte nia
κοκκινόψαρα
Buccinum undatum
0,5%
whe
Whelk Buccin Bocina Wellhornschnecke
Konksnegl Buccina Wulk Trąbik zwyczajny
Valthornssnäcka
Búzio βούκινο
Thunnus obesus 0,5%
bet
Bigeye tuna Thon obèse (=Patudo)
Patudo Großaugenthun
Storøjet tun Tonno obeso Grootoogtonijn
Opastun Storögd tonfisk
Atum-patudo τόνος μεγαλόφθαλμος
55
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Chamelea gallina
0,4%
sve
Striped venus Petite praire Chirla Gestreifte Venusmuschel
Stribet venusmusling
Vongola Venusschelp Wenus kurza Randig venusmussla
Pé de burrinho
κυδώνι
Lophius piscatorius
0,4%
mon (D)
Angler (=Monk)
Baudroie commune
Rape Seeteufel Havtaske Rana pescatrice
Zeeduivel żabnica Marulk Tamboril Βατραχόψαρο
Pandalus borealis
0,4%
pra (D)
Northern prawn
Crevette nordique
Camarón norteño
Grönlandgarnele
Dybvandsreje Gamberello boreale
Noorse garnaal
Krewetka północna
Nordhavsräka Camarão-boreal
γαρίδα της Αρκτικής
Octopus vulgaris
0,4%
occ
Common octopus
Pieuvre Pulpo común Gewöhnlicher Krake
Almindelig ottearmet blæksprutte
Polpo di scoglio
Octopus Ośmiornica Vanlig åttaarmad bläckfisk
Polvo-vulgar Χταπόδι
Platichthys flesus
0,4%
fle (D)
European flounder
Flet d'Europe Platija europea
Flunder Skrubbe Passera pianuzza
Bot Stornia Skrubbskädda
Solha das pedras
φάσι
Raja spp 0,4%
ska (D)
Raja rays nei Pocheteaux et raies raja nca
Rayas raja nep
Rochen Rokkeslægt Razze Roggen Rajowate Rocka Raias σελάχια
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
0,4%
ghl (D)
Greenland halibut
Flétan noir Fletán negro Grönland-Heilbutt
Almindelig hellefisk
Ippoglosso nero, Halibut, Halibut di Groenlandia
Groenlandse heilbot
Halibut niebieski
Liten hälleflundra
Alabote-negro
ιππόγλωσσα
Thunnus thynnus
0,3%
bft (P)
Atlantic bluefin tuna
Thon rouge de l'Atlantique
Atún rojo del Atlántico
Roter Thun Almindelig tun Tonno rosso Blauwvintonijn
Tuńczyk błękitnopłetwy
Tonfisk Atum-rabilho Τόνος
Mullus spp 0,3%
mux
Surmullets (=Red mullets) nei
Rougets nca Salmonetes nep
Meerbarben Mullearter Triglie Zeebarbelen Barweny Mullar Salmonetes Μπαρμπούνια
Cerastoderma edule
0,3%
coc
Common edible cockle
Coque commune
Berberecho común
Herzmuschel Almindelig hjertemusling
Cuore Kokkel Sercówka jadalna
Vanlig hjärtmussla
Berbigão vulgar
μεθύστρα
56
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Perca fluviatilis 0,3%
fpe
European perch
Perche europeenne
Perca Flußbarsch Almindelig aborre
Pesce persico Baars Okon Abborre Perca europeia
ποταμόπερκα
Parapenaeus longirostris
0,3%
dps
Deepwater rose shrimp
Crevette rose du large
Gamba de altura
Rosa Garnele Dybvandsrosenreje
Gambero rosa mediterraneo
Roze diepzeegarnaal
Krewetka głębokowodna
Djuphavsräka Gamba-branca
Κόκκινη γαρίδα βαθέων υδάτων
Merluccius hubbsi
0,3%hkp
Argentine hake
Merlu d'Argentine
Merluza argentina
Argentinischer Seehecht
Kulmule Nasello argentino
Argentijnse heek
Morszczuk argentynski
Argentinsk kummel
Pescada argentina
μερλούκιος Αργεντινής
Conger conger 0,2%
coe
European conger
Congre commun
Congrio común
Meeraal Almindelig havål
Grongo Congeraal Konger Havsål Congro Μουγγρί
Trisopterus luscus
0,2%
bib
Pouting (=Bib)
Tacaud commun
Faneca Franzosendorsch
Skægtorsk Merluzzo francese
Steenbolk Bielmik Skäggtorsk Faneca comum
σύκο του Ατλαντικού
Coryphaenoides rupestris
0,2%
rng (H)
Roundnose grenadier
Grenadier de roche
Granadero de roca
Grenadierfisch Almindelig skolæst
Pesce sorcio Roundnose grenadier
Buławik czarny
Skoläst Lagartixa-da-rocha
γρεναδιέρος των βράχων
Esox lucius 0,2%
fpi
Northern pike Brochet du nord
Lucio Hecht Almindelig gedde
Luccio Snoek Szczupak Gädda Lúcio comum τούρνα
Limanda limanda
0,2%
dab (D)
Common dab Limande Lenguadina Kliesche, Scharbe
Almindelig ising
Limanda Schar Zimnica Sandskädda Limanda γλώσσα λιμάντα
Lepidorhombus spp
0,2%
lez (D)
Megrims nei Cardines nca Gallos nep Butte Glashvarreslægt, Glashvarrearter
Lepidorombi Scharretongen
Smuklice Glasvarar Areeiros γλώσσες, ζαγκέτες
Mullus barbatus 0,2%
mut
Red mullet Rouget de vase
Salmonete de fango
Streifenbarbe, Rotbart, Gestreifte Meerbarbe
Europæisk mulle, Stribet mulle
Triglia di scoglio
Mul Barwena Mulle Salmonete legítimo, Salmonete vermelho
μπαρμπούνι
Macruronus magellanicus
0,2%grm
Patagonian grenadier
Grenadier patagonien
Merluza de cola
Patagonischer Grenadier
Patagonisk langhale
Merluzzo granatiere
Patagonische grenadier
Miruna patagonska
Chilensk hoki Granadeiro-da-Patagónia
γρεναδιέρος της Παταγωνίας
57
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Patagonotothen ramsayi
0,2%
pat
Longtail Southern cod, Ramsay's icefish
Notothénia queue longue
Nototenia coluda
Ramsays Notothenia
Ramsays isfisk
Nototenia Ramsays rotskabeljauw
Nototenia falklandzka
Ramsays noting
Nototénia de Ramsay
νοτοθένια
Mullus surmuletus
0,2%
mur
Surmullet Rouget de roche
Salmonete de roca
Gemeine Goldmakrele
Guldmakrel Lampuga Goudmakreel Koryfena Guldmakrill Doirado Κυνηγός
Cyprinus carpio 0,2%
fcp
Common carp Carpe commune
Carpa Karpfen, Flußkarpfen
Almindelig karpe
Carpa comune Karper Karp dziki a. sazan
Karp Carpa comum
κυπρίνος
Illex argentinus 0,2%
sqa
Argentine shortfin squid
Encornet rouge argentin
Pota argentina
Argentinischer Kurzflossenkalmar
Argentinsk blæksprutte
Calamaro Illex Argentijnse rode pijlinktvis
Kalmar argentyński
Argentinsk bläckfisk
Pota-argentina
θράψαλο της Αργεντινής
Chlamys (Aequipecten) opercularis
0,2%
qsc
Queen scallop Vanneau Volandeira Bunte Kammmuschel
Almindelig jomfruøsters
Canestrello, Pettine
Wijde mantel Przegrzebek Drottningkammussla
Leque χτένι
Molva molva 0,2%
lin (H)
Ling Lingue Maruca Leng Lange Molva Leng Molwa Långa Maruca ποντίκι
Boops boops 0,2%bog
Bogue Bogue Boga Gelbstriemen, Ochsenauge
Okseøjefisk Boga Bokvis Bops Oxögonfisk Boga-do-mar γόπα
Dicentrarchus labrax
0,2%
bss
European seabass
Bar européen Lubina Wolfsbarsch Almindelig bars
Spigola Zeebaars Labraks Havsabborre Robalo-legítimo
Λαβράκι
Loligo spp 0,2%
sqc
Common squids nei
Calmars nca Calamares nep
Kalmar Loligo-slægt Calamari Pijlinktvissen Kalmary Bläckfiskar Lulas Καλαμάρια
Microstomus kitt
0,2%
lem (D)
Lemon sole Limande sole Mendo limón Limande Rødtunge Sogliola limanda
Tongschar Złocica Bergskädda Solha-limão λεμονόγλωσσα
Brama brama 0,2%
poa
Atlantic pomfret
Grande castagnole
Japuta Brachsenmakrele
Havbrasen Pesce castagna
Braam Brama Havsbraxen Xaputa καστανόψαρο
58
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Eledone spp 0,2%
ocm
Horned and musky octopuses
Elédones communes et musquées
Pulpos blancos y almizclados
Zirrenkraken, Moschuskraken
Ottearmet blæksprutteslægt
Moscardini Muskusoctopussen
Ośmiornica Åttaarmade blåckfiskar
Polvos do alto
μοσχιοί, μοσχοτάποδα
Aphanopus carbo
0,1%
bsf
Black scabbardfish
Sabre noir Sable negro Schwarzer Degenfisch
Sort sabelfisk Pesce sciabola nero
Zwarte haarstaart
Pałasz czarny Dolkfisk Peixe-espada-preto
μαύρο σπαθόψαρο
Dissostichus eleginoides
0,1%top
Patagonian toothfish
Légine australe
Merluza austral negra
Mittelmeer-Miesmuschel
Middelhavsblåmusling
Cozza Middellandse-Zeemosse
Omułek śródziemnomorski
Blåmussla Mexilhão-do-Mediterrâneo
Μύδι
Squilla mantis 0,1%
mts
Spottail mantis squillid
Squille ocellée Galera ocelada
Gemeiner Heuschreckenkrebs
Søknæler Pannocchia Bidsprinkhaankreeft
Krewetka modliszkowa
Mantis Zagaia-castanheta
Κατσαρίδα της θάλασσας
Sebastes mentella
0,1%
reb (D)
Beaked redfish
Sébaste du nord
Gallineta nórdica
Tiefenbarsch Dybhavsrødfisk
Sebaste Diepzeeroodbaars
Karmazyn mentela
Djuphavskungsfisk
Peixe vermelho da fundura
κοκκινόψαρο του βυθού
Pollachius pollachius
0,1%pol (D)
Pollack Lieu jaune Abadejo Pollak Lyssej Merluzzo giallo
Pollak Rdzawiec Bleka Juliana κίτρινος μπακαλιάρος
Sepia officinalis 0,1%
ctc
Common cuttlefish
Seiche commune
Sepia común Gemeiner Tintenfisch
Sepiablæksprutte
Seppia Gewone zeekat
Mątwa Sepiabläckfisk Choco Σουπιά
Glycymeris glycymeris
0,1%
gkl
Common European bittersweet, Dog cockle
Amande commune
Almendra de mar
Meermandel Europæisk bittersødmusling
Piè d'asino Amande Grzebiolinek Kammussla Castanhola do mar
γαϊρουδοχτένι
Stizostedion lucioperca
0,1%
fpp
Pike-perch Sandre Lucioperca Sandart Sandart Sandra Snoekbaars Sandacz Gös Lucioperca ποταμολάβρακο
Maja squinado 0,1%
scr
Spinous spider crab
Araignée européenne
Centolla europea
Seespinne Edderkopkrabbe
Granseola Spinkrab Häxkrabba Santola-europeia
καβουρομάνα
Abramis brama 0,1%
fbm
Freshwater bream
Brème d'eau douce
Brema común Bresen Brasen Abramide Brasem Leszcz aralsko-kaspijski
Braxen Brema λεστιά
59
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
0,1%
meg (D)
Megrim Cardine franche
Gallo del Norte
Migram Glashvarre Rombo quattrocchi
Viervlekkige scharretong
Smuklica Glasvar Areeiro comum
ζαγκέτα
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
0,1%
wit (D)
Witch flounder
Plie cynoglosse, Plie grise
Mendo Rotzunge Almindelig skærising
Passera lingua di cane
Witje Szkarłacica Rödtunga Solhão καλκάνι
Todarodes sagittatus
0,1%
sqe
European flying squid
Toutenon commun
Pota europea Pfeilkalmar Flyveblæksprutte
Todaro Grote pijlinktvis
kałamarnica krótkopłetwa, kalmar illex
Bläckfisk Pota europeia θράψαλο
Coregonus albula
0,1%
fve
Vendace Corégone blanc
Corégono blanco
Silbermaräne Heltling Coregone bianco
Kleine marene Sielawa Siklöja Corégono-branco
λευκοκορέγονος
Spicara spp 0,1%
pic
Picarels nei Mendoles, Picarels nca
Chuclas, carameles nep
Laxierfisch Pikarel Mennole Pikarel Pikarel Picarell Trombeiros μενούλα
Scyliorhinus canicula
0,1%syc
Small-spotted catshark
Petite roussette
Pintarroja Fleckhai Småplettet rødhaj
Boccanera Zwartmond-hondshaai
Piłogon Hågäl Pata-roxa-pequena
σκυλάκι
Micromesistius australis
0,1%
pos
Southern blue whiting
Merlan bleu austral
Polaca austral Südlicher Wittling
Sydlig sortmund
Merlú australe Zuidelijke blauwe wijting
Błękitek południowy
Verdinho austral
Verdinho austral
προσφυγάκι της Αυστραλίας
Chelidonichthys cuculus
0,1%
gur
Red gurnard Grondin rouge Arete Kuckucks-Knurrhahn
Tværstribet knurhane
Capone coccio Engelse poon Kurek napłon Rödknot Cabra vermelha
καπόνι
Euphausia superba
0,1%
kri
Antarctic krill Krill antarctique
Krill antártico Antarktischer Krill
Antarktisk krill
Krill antartico Antarctische krill
Kryl antarktyczny
Antarktisk krill
Krill do Antárctico
κριλ της Ανταρκτικής
Rutilus spp 0,1%
frx
Roaches nei Gardons nca Rutilos nep Rotaugen Karpefiskarter Triotti Blankvoorns Wyrozub Mörtar Pardelhas, bogardos e ruivacas
δρομίτσες
Psetta maxima 0,1%
tur (D)
Turbot Turbot Rodaballo Steinbutt Pighvar Rombo chiodato
Tarbot Skarp Piggvar Pregado Καλκάνι
60
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Pagellus spp 0,1%
pax
Pandoras nei Pageots Brecas nep Meerbrassen Blankesten-slægt
Pagelli Zeebrasems Prażmowate Havsrudefiskar
Besugos λυθρίνια
Sarda sarda 0,1%
bon
Atlantic bonito Bonite à dos rayè
Bonito del Atlántico
Pelamide Rygstribet pelamide
Palamita Atlantische boniter
Pelamida Ryggstrimmig pelamid
Bonito-listado ρίκι
Aristeus antennatus
0,1%
ara
Blue and red shrimp
Crevette rouge
Gamba rosada
Afrikanische Tiefseegarnele
Blårød reje Gambero viola
Blauwrode diepzeegarnaal
Krewetka niebiesko-czerwona
Blåröd räka Camarão-vermelho
Κόκκινη γαρίδα
Zeus faber 0,1%
jod
John dory Saint Pierre Pez de San Pedro
Heringskönig Atlantisk sanktpetersfisk
Pesce san Pietro
Zonnevis Piotrosz Sanktpersfisk Galo-negro χριστόψαρο
Trachurus picturatus
0,1%
jaa (P)
Blue jack mackerel
Chinchard du large
Jurel de altura (=Chicharro)
Blaue Bastardmakrele
Blå hestemakrel
Sugarello pittato
Blauwe horsmakreel
Ostrobok czarny
Blå taggmakrill
Carapau-negrão
μαυροσαύριδο της Αυστραλίας
Spondyliosoma cantharus
0,1%
brb
Black seabream
Dorade grise Chopa Streifenbrasse Almindelig havrude
Tanuta Zeekarper Kantar Havsruda Choupa σκαθάρι
Rutilus rutilus 0,1%
fro
Roach Gardon Rutilo Plötze Skalle Triotto rosso Blankvoorn Wyrozub Mört Ruivaca πλατίτσα
Penaeus kerathurus
0,1%
tgs
Caramote prawn
Caramote Langostino Furchengarnele
Rynket reje Mazzancolla Melicertus kerathurus
Gaffelräka Gamba manchada
γάμπαρη
Trachurus mediterraneus
0,1%
hmm
Mediterranean horse mackerel
Chinchard à queue jaune
Jurel mediterráneo
Mittelmeer-Bastardmakrele
Middelhavshestemakrel
Sugarello maggiore
Middellandse Zeehorsmakreel
Ostrobok adeński
Medelhavsmakrill
Carapau-do-mediterrâneo
σαυρίδι
Molva dypterygia
0,1% bli (H)
Blue ling Lingue bleue Maruca azul Blauleng Byrkelange Molva azzurra Blauwe leng Molwiniec Birkelånga Maruca-azul μουρούνα διπτερύγιος
61
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Homarus gammarus
0,1%
lbe
European lobster
Homard européen
Bogavante Europäischer Hummer
Europæisk hummer
Astice Kreeft Homar europejski
Hummer Lavagante αστακογαρίδα
Portunus spp 0,1%
crs
Portunus swimcrabs nei
Etrilles nca Jaibas, nécoras nep
Schwimmkrabbe
Svømmekrabbeslægt
Granchi nuotatori
Zwemkrabben Portunik, Włosiennik
Sammetssimkrabba
Caranguejos nadadores
κολυμβητικά καβούρια
Sardinella maderensis
0,1%
sae
Madeiran sardinella
Grande allache
Machuelo Hummer Europæisk hummer
Astice Zeekreeft Homar Hummer Lavagante Αστακογαρίδα
Coregonus lavaretus
0,1%
pln
European whitefish
Corégone lavaret
Lavareto Peledmaräne Almindelig helt
Coregone lavarello
Grote marene Sieja wędrowna
Lavaretsik Coregono lavareda
γαλάζιος κορέγονος
Argentina sphyraena
0,1%ary
Argentine Argentine Argentina Glasauge Guldlaks Argentina Zilvervis Argentyna Silverfisk Biqueirão branco
γουρλομάτα
Mustelus spp 0,1%sdv
Smooth-hounds nei
Emissoles nca Tollos nep Glatthaie Glathajarter Palombi Gladde haaien Mustel Hundhajar Cações γαλέοι
Merluccius senegalensis
0,1%hkm
Senegalese hake
Merlu du Sénégal
Merluza del Senegal
Senegalesischer Seehecht
Senegalesisk kulmule
Merluzzo senegalese
Senegalese heek
Morszczuk senegalski
Senegalkummel
Pescada-negra
μπακαλιάρος της Σενεγάλης
Anguilla anguilla 0,1%
ele
European eel Anguille d'Europe
Anguila europea
Europäischer Aal
Europæisk ål Anguilla Aal Węgorz europejski
ål Enguia europeia
χέλι
Isurus oxyrinchus
0,1%
sma
Shortfin mako Taupe bleue Marrajo dientuso
Makrelenhai, Mako
Makrelhaj, Makohaj
Squalo mako, Smeriglio mako
Makreelhaai Ostronos Mako, Makrillhaj
Anequim, Marracho-azul, Tubarão-anequim
ρυγχοκαρχαρίας
Chelidonichthys lucerna
0,1%
guu
Tub gurnard Grondin perlon
Begel Roter Knurrhahn
Rød knurhane Cappone Rode poon Kurek czerwony
Fenknot Cabra-cabaço χελιδονάς
Salmo trutta 0,1%
trs
Sea trout Truite de mer Trucha marina Meerforelle Havørred Trota di mare Zeeforel Troć Öring Truta-marisca
πέστροφα
Carassius auratus
0,1%
cgo
Goldfish Poisson rouge (=Cyprin doré)
Pez rojo Goldfisch Guldfisk Carassio dorato
Goudvis Karaś złocisty a. chiński
Guldfisk Peixe-vermelho
χρυσόψαρο
62
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Rapana spp 0,1%
rpn
Sea snails Escargots de mer
Caracoles de mar
Rapana
Diplodus spp 0,0%
srg
Sargo breams nei
Sars, Sparaillons nca
Sargos, raspallones nep
Brassen Havrudearter Saraghi Zeebrasems Prażmowate Havsrudefiskar
Sargos σαργοι
Osmerus eperlanus
0,0%
sme
European smelt
Eperlan européen
Eperlano europeo
Stint Smelt Eperlano Spiering Stynka Nors Eperlano europeu
επερλάνος
Scophthalmus rhombus
0,0%
bll (D)
Brill Barbue Rémol Glattbutt Slethvar Rombo liscio Griet Nagład Slätvar Rodovalho comum
ρομβοπησί
Raja naevus 0,0%
rjn (D)
Cuckoo ray Raie fleurie Raya santiguesa
Kuckucksrochen
Pletrokke Razza cuculo Koekoeksrog Raja dwuplama
Gökrocka Raia de dois olhos
ψηφιδόβατος
Squalus acanthias
0,0%
dgs
Picked dogfish Aiguillat commun
Mielga Schokoladenhai
Almindelig pighaj
Zigrino Doornhaai Koleń Pigghaj Galhudo-malhado
σκυλόψαρο
Phycis blennoides
0,0%
gfb
Greater forkbeard
Phycis de fond Brótola de fango
Meertrüsche Almindelig skælbrosme
Musdea Gaffelkabeljauw
Widlak biały Fjällbrosme Abrótea-do-alto
λασποσαλούβαρδος
Sparus aurata 0,0%
sbg
Gilthead seabream
Dorade royale Dorada Goldbrasse Guldbrasen Orata Goudbrasem Dorada Guldsparid Dourada Τσιπούρα
Salilota australis 0,0%
sao
Tadpole codling
More têtard Bacalao criollo Argentinischer Kabeljau
Torsk Baccalà australe
Salilota patagonska
Bacalhau-argentino
μπακαριάλος Αργεντινής
Ostrea edulis 0,0%
oyf
European flat oyster
Huître plate européenne
Ostra europea Europäische Auster
østers Ostrica europea piatta
Europese platte oester
Ostryga zwyczajna
Ostron Ostra-plana-europeia
στρείδι
63
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Solen spp 0,0%
raz
Razor clams nei
Couteaux nca Navajas (=Solénidos) nep
Meerscheiden Knivmuslingslægt
Cannolicchio Messcheden Nożenka Knivmusslor Longueirões σωλήνες
Trachinus draco 0,0%
weg
Greater weever
Grande vive Escorpión Kleines Petermännchen
Lille fjæsing Tracina vipera Kleine pieterman
Ostrosz drakon
Mindre fjärsing
Peixe-aranha menor
δράκαινα
Oncorhynchus mykiss
0,0%
trr
Rainbow trout Truite arc-en-ciel
Trucha arco iris
Regenbogenforelle
Regnbueørred Trota arcobaleno
Regenboogforel
Pstrąg tęczowy
Regnbåge Truta-arco-íris
αμερικάνικη πέστροφα
Mugil cephalus 0,0%
muf
Flathead grey mullet
Mulet à grosse tête
Pardete Großkopf-Meeräsche
Stribet multe Cefalo Grootkopharder
Mugil australijski, Mugil cefal
Storhovad multe
Tainha-olhalvo
κέφαλος
Argyrosomus regius
0,0%
mgr
Meagre Maigre commun
Corvina Adlerfisch ørnefisk Bocca d'oro Ombervis Havsgös Corvina μαγιάτικο
Salmo salar 0,0%
sal (D)
Atlantic salmon
Saumon de l'Atlantique
Salmón del Atlántico
Lachs Atlantisk laks Salmone atlantico
Atlantische zalm
łosoś szlachetny a. atlantycki
Lax Salmão-do-atlântico
σολομός του Ατλαντικού
Trisopterus minutus
0,0%
pod
Poor cod Capelan de Méditerranée
Capellán Zwergdorsch Glyse Merluzzetto Dwergbolk Karlik Glyskolja Fanecão σύκο
Helicolenus dactylopterus
0,0%
brf
Blackbelly rosefish
Sébaste chèvre
Gallineta Blaumaul Blåkæft Scorfano di fondale
Blauwkeeltje Sebdak przyladkowy
Blåkäft Cantarilho-legítimo
σεβαστός
Dicologlossa cuneata
0,0%
cet
Wedge sole Céteau Acedía Bastardzunge Senegaltunge Sogliola cuneata
Franse tong Kunatka Tjocktunga Língua δικολόγλωσσα
Genypterus blacodes
0,0%
cus
Pink cusk-eel Abadèche rose
Congribadejo rosado
Rosa Kingklip Rosa kingklip Abadeco Roze koningsklip
Abadecho, Miętus nowozelandzki
Golden kingklip
Abadejo-rosado
κοκκινοφίδιο
Auxis thazard, A.rochei
0,0%
frz
Frigate and bullet tunas
Auxide et bonitou
Melva y melvera
Melvera-Fregattmackerel
Auxide Tombarello, Biso
Valse bonito, Fregattonijn, Kogeltonijn
Tazar Fregattmakrill Judeu, Judeu liso
Βαρελάκι, Κοπάνι, Κοπανέλι, Τερνέττα, Τουμπαρέλι
64
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Pagellus erythrinus
0,0%
pac
Common pandora
Pageot commun
Breca Kleine Rotbrasse
Rød blankesten
Pagello fragolino
Rode zeebrasem
Morlesz szkarłatny
Rödpagell Bica Λυθρίνι
Raja clavata 0,0%
rjc (D)
Thornback ray Raie bouclée Raya de clavos
Nagelrochen Sømrokke Razza chiodata
Gewone rog Raja ciernista Knaggrocka Raia-pinta καλκανόβατος
Pagellus bogaraveo
0,0%
sbr
Blackspot (=red) seabream
Dorade rose Besugo Meerbrasse Spidstandet blankesten
Occhialone Zeebrasem Morlesz bogar Fläckpagell Goraz Κεφαλάς
Procambarus clarkii
0,0%
rcw
Red swamp crawfish
Ecrevisse rouge de marais
Cangrejo de las marismas
Louisiana-Flu Louisiana-Flußkrebs
Gambero di palude
Louisiana-rivierkreeft
Chyba jakiś rak słodkowodny
Louisianaflodkräfta
Lagostim vermelho do rio
βαλτογαρίδα
Dentex dentex 0,0%
dec
Common dentex
Denté commun
Dentón Zahnbrasse Tandbrasen Dentice Tandbrasem Kielec właściwy
Tandbraxen Dentão Συναγρίδα
Spisula solida 0,0%
ulo
Solid surf clam
Spisule épaisse
Almeja blanca Riesentrogmuschel
Tykskallet trugmusling
Cappa americana
Stevige strandschelp
Maktra masywna
Mussla Amêijoa branca americana
μάκτρα Ατλαντικού
Diplodus sargus 0,0%
swa
White seabream
Sar commun Sargo Große Geißbrasse
Sorthale Sarago maggiore
Witte zeebrasem
Sargus Vitblecka Sargo-legítimo
Σαργός
Centroscymnus coelolepis
0,0%cyo
Portuguese dogfish
Pailona commun
Pailona Portugiesenhai
Portugisisk fløjlshaj
Pailona Portugese hondshaai
Koleń iberyjski
Pailonahaj Carocho πορτογαλικό σκυλόψαρο
Belone belone 0,0%
gar
Garfish Orphie Aguja Hornhecht Hornfisk Aguglia Geep Belona pospolita
Näbbgädda Agulha ζαργάνα
Pagrus pagrus 0,0%
rpg
Red porgy Pagre rouge Pargo Gemeine Sackbrasse
Almindelig blankesten
Pagro mediterraneo
Gewone Zeebrasem
Pagrus Rödbraxen Pargo Φαγγρί
65
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES LANDED IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code*
EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Merluccius capensis, M.paradox.
0,0%hkc
Cape hakes Merlus du Cap Merluzas del Cabo
Kaphecht Sydafrikansk kulmule
Nasello del Capo
Kaapse heken Morszczuk kapski
Kapkummel Pescada da África do Sul
μπακαλιάρος της Ν. Αφρικής
Pagellus acarne 0,0%
sba
Axillary seabream
Pageot acarne Aligote Spanische Meerbrasse
Akarnanisk blankesten
Pagello mafrone
Spaanse zeebrasem
Morlesz krwisty
Pagell Besugo Μουσμούλι
Geryon quinquedens
0,0%
crr
Red crab Gériocrabe rouge
Geriocangrejo rojo, cangrejo colorado
Rote Tiefseekrabbe
Femtandet dybvandskrabbe
Granchio rosso di fondale
Rode diepzeekrab
Krab czerwony głębinowy
Djuphavsrödkrabba
Caranguejo vermelho da fundura
κόκκινος κάβουρας
Venus verrucosa
0,0%
vev
Warty venus Praire commune
Escupina grabada
Venusmuchel Venusmusling Tartufo di mare(venus verrucosa)
Venusschelp Wenus brodawkowata
Sandmussla Pé-de-burro αχιβάδα
Lepidopus caudatus
0,0%sfs
Silver scabbardfish
Sabre argenté Pez cinto Strumpfbandfisch
Strømpebåndsfisk
Pesce sciabola Zilveren haarstaart
Palasz ogoniasty
Strumpebandsfisk
Peixe-espada ασημόψαρο
Lichia amia 0,0%
lee
Leerfish Liche Palometón Große Gabelmakrele
Stor gaffelmakrel
Leccia Grote gaffelmakreel
Amia Stor gaffelmakrill
Palombeta λίτσα
Polyprion americanus
0,0%
wrf
Wreckfish Cernier commun
Cherna Wrackfisch Vragfisk Cernia di fondale
Wrakbaars Wrakoń Vrakfisk Cherne-legítimo
Βλάχος
Sarpa salpa 0,0%
slm
Salema Saupe Salema Goldstrieme Art havrude Salpa Goudgestreepte zeebrasem
Salpa Salpa Salema σάλπα
Raja montagui 0,0%
rjm (D)
Spotted ray Raie douce Raya pintada Fleckrochen Storplettet rokke
Razza maculata
Gladde rog Raja nakrapiana
Fläckrocka Raia pintada κηλιδόβατος
66
SPECIES PRODUCED IN AQUACULTURE
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES PRODUCED IN AQUACULTURE IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Mytilus galloprovincialis
24,9%
msm
Mediterranean mussel
Moule méditerranéenne
Mejillón mediterráneo
Mittelmeer-Miesmuschel, Seemuschel, Blaubartmuschel
Middelhavsblåmusling
Cozza, Mitilo Middellandse-Zeemossel
Omółek śródziemnomorski, Nazwa proponowana
Medelhavsblåmussla
Mexilhão do Mediterrâneo
μύδι
Oncorhynchus mykiss
15,3%
trr
Rainbow trout
Truite arc-en-ciel
Trucha arco iris
Regenbogenforelle
Regnbueørred
Trota arcobaleno
Regenboogforel
Pstrąg tęczowy
Regnbåge Truta-arco-íris
αμερικάνικη πέστροφα
Mytilus edulis 11,9%
mus
Blue mussel Moule commune
Mejillón común
Pfahlmuschel Blåmusling Mitilo comune Mossel Omułek jadalny
Blåmussla Mexilhão vulgar
μύδι
Salmo salar 11,3%
sal
Atlantic salmon
Saumon de l'Atlantique
Salmón del Atlántico
Lachs Atlantisk laks Salmone atlantico
Atlantische zalm
łosoś szlachetny a. atlantycki
Lax Salmão-do-atlântico
σολομός του Ατλαντικού
Crassostrea gigas 9,8%
oyg
Pacific cupped oyster
Huître creuse japonaise, Huître portugaise
Ostión, Ostra japonesa
Pazifische Felsenauster, Portugiesischer Auster, Riesenauster
Stillehavsøsters
Ostrica concava, Ostrica giapponese
Japanse oester
Japanskt jätteostron
Ostra-portuguesa, Ostra-gigante
Sparus aurata 5,6%
sbg
Gilthead seabream
Dorade royale
Dorada Goldbrasse Guldbrasen Orata Goudbrasem Dorada Guldsparid Dourada Τσιπούρα
Cyprinus carpio 4,8%
fcp
Common carp
Carpe commune
Carpa Karpfen, Flußkarpfen
Almindelig karpe
Carpa comune
Karper Karp dziki a. sazan
Karp Carpa comum
κυπρίνος
Ruditapes philippinarum
4,5%
clj
Manilla clam, Japanese clam, Short-necked clam
Palourde japonaise
Almeja japonesa, Almeja italiana
Japanische Teppichmuschel
Japansk tæppemusling
Vongola verace
Japanse tapijtschelp
Małż japoński
Japansk venusmussla
Amêijoa-japonesa
Dicentrarchus labrax 4,1%
bss
European seabass
Bar européen Lubina Wolfsbarsch Almindelig bars
Spigola Zeebaars Labraks Havsabborre
Robalo-legítimo
Λαβράκι
67
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES PRODUCED IN AQUACULTURE IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Thunnus thynnus 1,0%
bft
Atlantic bluefin tuna
Thon rouge de l'Atlantique
Atún rojo del Atlántico
Roter Thun Almindelig tun
Tonno rosso Blauwvintonijn
Tuńczyk błękitnopłetwy
Tonfisk Atum-rabilho Τόνος
Anguilla anguilla 0,7%
ele
European eel Anguille d'Europe
Anguila europea
Europäischer Aal
Europæisk ål Anguilla Aal Węgorz europejski
ål Enguia europeia
χέλι
Tapes decussatus 0,6%
ctg
Grooved carpet shell, Calico clam
Palourde croisée d'Europe
Almeja fina, Amayuela
Teppichmuschel
Stor tæppemusling, Gitret tæppemusling
Vongola nera Tapijtschelp Stor venusmussla
Amêijoa-boa χάβαρο, κυδώνι
Psetta maxima 0,5%
tur
Turbot Turbot Rodaballo Steinbutt Pighvar Rombo chiodato
Tarbot Skarp Piggvar Pregado Καλκάνι
Clarias gariepinus 0,5%
clz
North African catfish
Poissonchat nordafricain
Pez gato norteafricano, Claria
Afrikanischer Wels
Afrikansk ålemalle
Pesce gatto Afrikaaanse meervallen
Stawada Åalmalar Clária africana, Gato de cabeça chata africano, Peixe-gato da África do Norte
Κλαρίας
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
0,3%
svc
Silver carp Carpe argentée
Carpa plateada
Gewöhnlicher Tolstolob
Sølvkarpe Carpa argentata
Zilverkarper Tołpyga biała
Silverkarp Carpa-prateada
ασημοκυπρίνος
Ostrea edulis 0,3%
oyf
European flat oyster
Huître plate européenne
Ostra europea
Europäische Auster
Østers Ostrica europea piatta
Europese platte oester
Ostryga zwyczajna
Ostron Ostra-plana-europeia
στρείδι
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
0,1%
bic
Bighead carp Carpe à grosse tête
Carpa cabezona
Marmorkarpfen
Marmorkarpe Carpa testa grossa
Grootkopkarper
Tołpyga pstra
Marmorkarp
Carpa cabeçuda
μαρμαροκυπρίνος, κινέζικος κυπρίνος
Acipenseridae 0,1%
stu
Sturgeons Esturgeons Esturiones Störe Stører Storioni Steur Jesiotrowate
Störfiskar Esturjões στουριόνια
68
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES PRODUCED IN AQUACULTURE IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Carassius auratus 0,1%
cgo
Goldfish Poisson rouge (=Cyprin doré)
Pez rojo Goldfisch Guldfisk Carassio dorato
Goudvis Karaś złocisty a. chiński
Guldfisk Peixe-vermelho
χρυσόψαρο
Ctenopharyngodon idellus
0,1%
fcg
Grass carp Carpe herbivore(=chinoise)
Carpa china (=herbívora)
Graskarpfen Græskarpe Carpa erbivora, Amur
Graskarper Amur biały Gräskarp Carpa-do-limo
χορτοφάγος κυπρίνος
Oreochromis niloticus
0,1%
tln
Nile tilapia Tilapia du Nil Tilapia del Nilo, Perca del Nilo
Nil-Buntbarsch
Nilcichlide, Nilmundruger
Tilapia del Nilo
Nijltilapia Tilapia nilowa
Niltilapia Tilápia do Nilo
τιλάπια του Νείλου
Salmo trutta 0,1%
trs
Sea trout Truite de mer Trucha marina
Meerforelle Havørred Trota di mare Zeeforel Troć Öring Truta-marisca
πέστροφα
Silurus glanis 0,1%
som
Danubian wels, Som catfish, Wels, Wels catfish
Salut, Silure glane
Siluro europeo
Wels, Flusswels, Waller
Europæisk malle
Siluro Meerval Sum pospolity
Mal Siluro europeu
γουλιανός
Coregonus lavaretus 0,1%
pln
European whitefish
Corégone lavaret
Lavareto Peledmaräne Almindelig helt
Coregone lavarello
Grote marene Sieja wędrowna
Lavaretsik Coregono lavareda
γαλάζιος κορέγονος
Mugil cephalus 0,1%
muf
Flathead grey mullet
Mulet à grosse tête
Pardete Großkopf-Meeräsche
Stribet multe Cefalo Grootkopharder
Mugil australijski, Mugil cefal
Storhovad multe
Tainha-olhalvo
κέφαλος
Salvelinus spp 0,1%
chr
Chars Ombles nca Salvelinos nep
Saiblinge Røddingslægt, Røddingarter
Salmerini Riddervissen Golec Rödingar Salvelinos λιμνοπέστροφες, σαλβελίνοι
Argyrosomus regius 0,1%
mgr
Meagre Maigre commun
Corvina Adlerfisch Ørnefisk Bocca d'oro Ombervis Kulbak pospolity
Havsgös Corvina μαγιάτικο
Salvelinus fontinalis 0,1%
svf
Fountain salmon
Saumon de fontaine
Salvelino Bachsaibling Kildeørred Salmerino di fonte
Bronforel Pstrąg źródlany
Bäckröding Truta das fontes
σαλβελίνος, λιμνοπέστροφα
69
MULTILINGUAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MAIN SPECIES PRODUCED IN AQUACULTURE IN 2006 Species %
2006 FAO Code EN FR ES DE DA IT NL PL SV PT EL
Gadus morhua 0,0%
cod
Atlantic cod Morue de l'Atlantique
Bacalao del Atlántico
Kabeljau Atlantisk torsk
Merluzzo bianco
Atlantische kabeljauw
Dorsz Torsk Bacalhau-do-atlântico
γάδος
Tinca tinca 0,0%
fte
Tench Tanche Tenca, Tinca, Aguijón
Grünschleie, Schlammler, Schleiforelle, Schuster, Schlüpfling, Schleie
Suder Tinca Zeelt Lin Sutare Tinca, Tenca, Godião
γλήνι
Esox lucius 0,0%
fpi
Northern pike, Pike, Jack
Brochet du nord, Brochet commun
Lucio Hecht, Flußhecht
Almindelig gedde
Luccio Snoek Szczupak Gädda Lúcio τούρνα
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
0,0%
hal
Atlantic halibut
Flétan de l'Atlantique
Fletán Atlantischer Heilbutt, Weißer Heilbutt
Atlantisk helleflynder,
Ippoglosso atlantico, Halibut
Heilbot Halibut atlantycki
Hälleflundra Alabote do Atlântico
χάλιμπατ του Ατλαντικού
Ameiurus melas 0,0%
itm
Black bullhead
Poisson-chat Bagre, Coto negro, bagre torito negro
Schwarzer Zwergwels
Sort dværgmalle
Pesce gatto Zwarte dwergmeerval
Sumik czarny
Svart dvärgmal, Svart kattfisk
Peixe-gato negro
γατόψαρο
Venerupis pullastra 0,0%
cts
Carpet shell Clovisse Almeja babosa, Chocha
Kleine Teppichmuschel, Teppichmuschel
Almindelig tæppemusling
Vongola, Longona
Kleine tapijtschelp
Amêijoa macha
αχιβάδα, αμύγδαλο
70
71
CARTOGRAPHICAL ANNEX MAPS OF ICES ZONES
Source: ICES
72
Source ICES
73
Source ICES
MAP OF GENERAL FISHERIES COMMISSION FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN (GFCM) ZONES
Source: CGPM
MAP OF REGIONAL FISHERIES BODIES
Agriculture and Rural Development
Culture and Education
Fisheries
Regional Development
Transport and Tourism
Directorate-General For internal Policies
POLICY DEPARTMENTSTRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES
RoleThe Policy Departments are research units that provide specialised advice to committees, inter-parliamentary delegations and other parliamentary bodies.
Policy AreasAgriculture and Rural Development Culture and Education FisheriesRegional DevelopmentTransport and Tourism
DocumentsVisit the European Parliament website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies
B POLICY DEPARTMENTSTRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES
PHOTO CREDIT: iStock International Inc., Photodisk, Phovoir
B Directorate-General For internal Policies
Transport and Tourism
Regional Development
Fisheries
Culture and EducationCulture and Education
Agriculture and Rural Development
