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Polar Communications & Weather (PCW)
Mission
December 6, 2010
Guennadi Kroupnik, Martin Hebert
CSA
Outline
• Introduction• Mission overview• System level trade-offs• Meteorological payload considerations• Communications payload considerations• Project status• Challenges and Opportunities • Conclusion
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Mission Objectives
• Reliable communications services in the high latitudes (North of 70º) to ensure:
–Security
–Sustainable Development
–Support to Northern Communities
–Safety of the Air and Marine Navigation
–Arctic Science
• Provide high temporal/spatial resolution meteorological data above 50º N in support of:
–Numerical Weather Prediction (short to medium range)
–Environmental monitoring, emergency response
–Climate change monitoring
• Space weather monitoring 3
Mission Overview
2 satellites in HEO to provide:
Continuous GEO-likeimagery above 50º N(refresh rate 15 minutes)
24/7 High data rate communication services in Ka-band (X-Band under review)
12h period63.4º Inclination
Apogee: ~39,500 kmPerigee: ~550 km
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Areas of Interest (AoI)
Meteo requirements pertain to the entire circumpolar domain
Meteorological AoI: requirement >50º N: will provide Level 1b and 1c data that meets quality requirements
Meteorological AoI: goal >45º N: will aim to provide Level 1b and 1c data that meets quality
Communications AoI requirement
Communications AoI Goal
Image quality requirements met for viewing angles (local zenith angle) >70º
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Met Products and Services
• Winds from sequences of images: high priority product,• Surface type analysis: ice, snow, ocean, vegetation and surface
characteristics such as emissivity, albedo, vegetation index,• Surface temperature, detection of boundary-layer temperature
inversions, diurnal cycle,• Mid-tropospheric humidity/temperature sensitive channels for
hourly direct assimilation complementing GEO radiance assimilation,
• Volcanic ash detection,• Smoke, dusts, aerosols, fog in support of air quality models and
environmental prediction,• Total column ozone,• Cloud parameters: height, fraction, temperature, emissivity, phase,
effective particle size.6
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• Seamless 24/7 broadband, two-way connectivity to allow uninterrupted data (IP) transfer, as well as video-conferencing and imagery transfer, including entertainment content.
• Support to science, resource exploration and exploitation activities, and Search and Rescue operations.
• Interoperability with existing communications services.• Support to icebreakers and marine navigation in the Arctic.• UAV Missions:
− Command and Control link− Communications link
• Potential support to Air Traffic Management (ATM) and E-Navigation.
Comms Services
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Spacecraft Concept (Core mission)
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System Level Trade-offs
Phase-A trades-off analyses:• Image Navigation and Registration (INR) Analysis, • PCW Communication Payload (PCP) Beam Pointing Analysis,• Increased Imaging Operations Analysis, • Constellation and Orbit Definition Trade-Off, • Payload and TTC Downlink Trade-Off, • PCW Met Payload Data Downlink and Transfer Trade-Off, • User terminal (UT) performance versus Space Segment
Analyses, • User Terminal Design and Performance Analysis, and• Communications Network Topology Analysis.
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Payloads
Core mission:• Ka – band 2-way High Data Rate communications payload
(up to 12 Mb/sec), • Addition of X-band is being evaluated,• Imaging Spectroradiometer (20 channels, 0.5-1 km VIS, 2
km IR),• Space weather suit of instruments.
Enhanced mission (under evaluation):• Scientific meteorological or space environment instrument
(4 PHEMOS Phase 0 studies),• GNSS augmentation payload (provided by ESA),• Air Traffic Management (ATM) payload (provided by ESA),• Technology demonstration.
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PCW Met Payload
• Phase A Baseline design (COM DEV-ABB) meets performance requirements but requires ~ 10 years of development
• Options analyses: – RFI: ITT. Raytheon, Thales, and Astrium
– Canadian Concepts: COM DEV and ABB
• Outcomes of options analyses:– Validated payload performance requirements
– Possible path to launch in 2017 based on low NRE approach
• IR detectors cooled by a mechanical cooler,– Cooler attached to the S/C
Communications Payload
• X-band, commercial Ka-band, and government Ka-band planned.• Ka-band is also to support downlink for met data.• Ka-band Forward Link: 4 commercial channels + 4 government
channels. • Ka-band Return Link: 1 commercial channels + 1 government
channel + 1 mesh channel.• Ka-band coverage area to be served by 4 user beams and one
gateway beam.• X-band coverage area to consist of one user beam with re-use of
Ka-band gateway beam.
Canadian Comms Requirements
Commercial Ka
Frequency Band Minimum Throughput
57 Mbps
Government Ka
15 Mbps
20 Mbps
Government X
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67 MbpsMet Downlink Ka
Carrier & Spectrum
Frequency Band Earth to Space Space to Earth
Gov. X Band*
Commercial Ka Band
Gov. Ka Band
7.9 – 8.4 GHz 7.25 – 7.75 GHz
29.5 – 30.0 GHz 19.7 – 20.2 GHz
30.0 – 31.0 GHz 20.2 – 21.2 GHz
* The following restrictions apply to the X-band: Mobile Applications: 7250 - 7300 MHz (downlink) 7975 - 8025 MHz (uplink) Fixed Applications: 7300 - 7750 MHz (downlink) 7900 - 7975 MHz and 8025 - 8400 MHz (uplink)
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Met Downlink (Ka) 26.15 – 26.35 GHz200 MHz Bandwidth
Communications Architecture
Comm Area of Interest
Gateway StationTwo Dual Ka & S band Antenna
User Terminals0.6-2.4 m Antenna
MET data transmission
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Ground Segment
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Project Status
• Phase 0 completed: September 2008• Phase A Approved: November 2008
• Phase A contract awarded: July 2009• Phase A Major Milestones:
– Phase A kicked-off: July 2009– Technology Readiness Assessment Review: October 2009
– Mission Requirements Review: February 2010– Preliminary System Requirements Review: June, 2010– Met Payload Options Analyses: November 2010
– Phase A contract close out: March 2011• Critical Technologies development contracts award: March 2011
• Phase B/C/D contract award: June 2012 (TBC)• Launches: 2017 (TBC)
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Challenges
• Sever radiation environment• Complex thermal management• Spacecraft life limited by the environment• Potential significant orbit perturbations caused by 3 body interaction• Significant upfront investments• Up to 40 month lead time for the components of the Met Payload• Applications development
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Opportunities
• Orbit design (f.e. a modified Tundra Orbit)• “Make or buy” trade-offs• Business model:
– Major Crown Project vs. PPP
– Canadian mission vs. International Partnership:
• Launch
• Met Payload
• Ground Segment
• Systems and subsystems of the spacecraft
• Applications algorithms and products
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Conclusion
• PCW represents an exciting opportunity to close the gap in global broadband communication services and meteorological observation coverage in the Arctic.
• PCW is an engine for development of new technologies, applications and capabilities.
• The mission is open for international collaboration. Interesting opportunities have been identified and actively pursued.
• The Phase A outcomes clearly demonstrate merits of the PCW mission for Canada and in the international context.
• The technical feasibility of the PCW system is well established.
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