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Polar Bears, “ursus maritimus”, is a large bear that has adapted to living in freezing conditions in the Arctic. Polar Bears are massive, with the largest one being a recorded 11 feet tall (on it's back legs) and weighing 2,210 pounds! Although, on average, males are typically 1,000 pounds, and females around half that. These creatures are totally adapted to take on the icy Arctic, with powerful limbs that can propel them over 20 feet gaps in the ice, giant claws for gripping in the snow and swimming, and blubber, to withstand the freezing conditions in the north. Polar Bears can swim for miles in search for a an effective hunting ground. What do they hunt for? They mainly eat seals. But as one can imagine, it is hard to hunt in the Arctic during the warmer months of the year. They compensate for this by storing their fat and using it for energy during those months. Some would assume that Polar Bears get cold. But more often than not, they get hot because of all the adaptations they’ve made to combat the cold.
Abstract
Anatomy
Polar Bears live up north in the freezing Arctic, alongside seals, foxes, walruses, and weirdly, geese (didn’t know they lived in the Arctic). Polar Bears spend the first few years of their lives living with their mother (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks). The mother teaches the cubs how to hunt, and protects them from any potential threats. The mother gives birth to the cubs in den underneath the snow, and takes care of them there for around 3 months, until they are ready to go outside. (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks). Since the Arctic is made up of mostly ice (and water due to the increasing threat of global warming), Polar Bears spend a lot of time swimming searching for prey. These creatures use their sense of smell to hunt most of the time. They even stand on their hind legs to sniff the air around them, and get a better look at their surroundings (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks). Their diet consists mainly of seals. Polar Bears may go several miles in search of their prey. They use large ice slabs as platforms for hunting, but when the ice thins out during the summer time, some bears move inland and eat berries (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks). In the fall and winter seasons, Polar Bears are forced to diet because seals are rare during this time of year. When spring and summer comes around, the bears eat as much as they can, storing fat for nutrition in the coming fall and winter (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks).
Habits
“Sea ice has been shrinking steadily- and so has the number of Polar Bears” (Jacqueline Adams, Science World. 12/10/2018, Vol. 75 Issue 6, p8-11. 4p.). Climate change is affecting the entire world, whether you can see it or not, but not anywhere as much as the Arctic regions. Due to climate change, ice caps (Polar Bears’ main hunting strategy) have been shrinking, causing a decrease in Polar Bears’ population. Polar Bears eat seals because they have lots of fat, and hold lots of calories (Jacqueline Adams, Science World. 12/10/2018, Vol. 75 Issue 6, p8-11. 4p.), so with the melting ice caps, Polar Bears can’t find as many seals to catch, therefore, causing some bears to starve to death. Climate change is also affecting how the mother bears take care of the newborn cubs. The mother typically takes care of her young in a self made cave under the snow, but with things heating up, those dens are melting prematurely, and these young cubs are exposed to the world too fast.
Decreasing Population Due to Global Warming Habitat
Polar Bears like to stick to the ice (not literally) so they can find prey. With this in mind, they wouldn’t find any seals up at the north pole, because the ice doesn’t break apart there, so they stick to the southern part of the Arctic, and Northernmost part of northern continents. Such as: Northern European coasts, Northern Asian coasts, and North American coasts (mainly Canada and Greenland). Polar Bears walk around on the icy platforms when available, but can swim for miles to reach solid ground. During different times of the year, ice can either be in abundance, or very rare, so Polar Bears are adapted to living on land. “But the amount of ice in the ocean changes from summer to winter, so the Polar Bears must migrate. Most of them migrate to the same winter and summer areas year after year.” (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks). As stated earlier, the first few months of a Polar Bear’s life, it spends with it's mother in an icy den, where after that, they become accustomed to little islands of ice to hunt for seals, and during different times of the year, may need to adapt to solid land, and feed on berries.
Works Cited
Polar bears have several adaptations to help them survive in the harsh conditions in the Arctic. One of these adaptations is their fur. It helps keep them warm, as well as “Fur on the bottom of their big feet helps them walk on the ice and snow” (Polar Bears at Home in the Snow, Nat Geo Kids). Their white fur also has a use for camouflage in the snow. Fur isn’t the only thing that helps keep these monsters warm. Still working on the outside features of this animal, let’s look at the skin of Polar Bears. Their skin is black, which helps insulate whatever heat gets to the bear. Along with the skin, blubber acts as a kind of water repellent, to keep the freezing waters out of their system. The bears’ paws are gigantic. They each weigh around 25 pounds. Their claws are good for holding prey, and their paws give good traction (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks). Polar Bears are different from other bears, in the sense that “They have narrower heads, smaller ears, and longer teeth than other bears…” (POLAR BEARS, Ranger Rick ZooBooks). Polar Bears have short ears because: they use their sense of smell to locate prey (seals), and if their ears were any longer, they would freeze because of a lack of blood flow.
Carson Eyres Marine Biology 115
Polar Bears
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“Polar Bears.” Zoobooks, vol. 36, no. 4, Feb. 2019, p. C. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=134144209&site=ehost-live.
Adams, Jacqueline. “WALKING ON THIN ICE: Will Polar Bears Be Able to Survive a Melting Arctic?” Science World, vol. 75, no. 6, Dec. 2018, p. 8. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=133293256&site=ehost-live.
“Polar Bears.” National Geographic Little Kids, no. 66, Jan. 2018, p. 6. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=126788668&site=ehost-live.
