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IB CLESchool Year 2012-2013

17 August 2012

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6 SYNTHESIS QUESTIONS

DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE

Philosophies of knowledge (#1)

Use of authority, opinion,& evidence/argument (#2)

Sense perceptionEmotionReason

Language

in Pascal (#6)

in Pascal (#4)

Ways of knowing (#5) RELIGION/MORALITY

(#3)

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2 MISUNDERSTANDINGS

Use of authority, opinion,

& evidence/argument

Only ONE per Area of Knowledge:

NATURAL SCIENCE uses evidence/argument only.

Only ONE per Philosophy of Knowledge:RATIONALISTS uses evidence/argument only.

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ABSOLUTISTS

RECEIVEAbsolute Knowledge

based on

AUTHORITY.

RELATIVISTS

CONSTRUCTSubjective Knowledge

based on

OPINION.

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RATIONALISTS

CONSTRUCT

Reasoned Knowledgebased

on EVIDENCE

with the help of

AUTHORITY.

RELATIVISTS

CONSTRUCTSubjective Knowledge

based on

OPINION.

ABSOLUTISTS

RECEIVEAbsolute Knowledge

based on

AUTHORITY.

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Regardless of the area of judgment,

ABSOLUTISTS and RELATIVISTStend to be intellectually lazy.

WHY?

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RATIONALISTS

CONSTRUCT

Reasoned Knowledgebased

on EVIDENCE

with the help of

AUTHORITY.

RELATIVISTS

CONSTRUCT

Subjective Knowledge

based on

OPINION.

ABSOLUTISTS

RECEIVE

Absolute Knowledge

based on

AUTHORITY.

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Being aRELATIVIST

is not only lazy.

Its also

illogical.

All truths

are relative.

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ABSOLUTIST RELATIVIST RATIONALIST

BeliefsaboutKnowledge

RoleofKnower

PrimaryBasisforJudgment

WhattheKnowing

Comprises

Certain+ Simple Uncertain +Complex Uncertain +Complex

Passive Active Active

Authority Opinion Evidence &Argument

ReceiveAbsoluteTruthsfrom

AUTHORITY

Construct

SubjectiveTruthswithout

AUTHORITY orEVIDENCE/ARGUMENT

ConstructReasoned

TruthsfromEVIDENCE/ARGUMENT

asFacilitated by

AUTHORITY

OVERVIEW: THE 3 PHILOSOPHIES OF KNOWLEDGE

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idolatryof AUTHORITY

full submissionof OPINION

full commitmentto ONE VIEW

uncritical disregard forEVIDENCE/ARGUMENT

rebellionvs.AUTHORITY

idolatryofOPINION

no commitmentto ANY VIEW

uncritical disregard forEVIDENCE/ARGUMENT

critical reliance tentative submissiononAUTHORITY of OPINION

tentative commitmentto critical opennesstoBEST AVAILABLE VIEW EVIDENCE/ARGUMENT

AB

SOLUTIST R

ELATIVI

ST

RATIONALIST