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Poetry “Wheel”
Notes before we begin:O Refer to any author by his or her last
nameO The speaker isn’t necessarily the
poetO A poem that tells a story is a
“narrative poem”
Content
Style
The “wheel”Title
ThemeContext
Speaker/PoVAudience
Diction
Form/Structure
Syntax ImageryFigurative Lang.
Symbolism
Sound IronyAllusion
Tone
Title/Theme/ContextO Title - Literal or symbolic? Suggested
meanings? Length, punctuation, capitalizationO Theme
O How not to state a theme:O “The theme of this poem deals with a character
who is destroyed by money.”O “This poem is about human desires.”
O How to state a theme:O “Vice seems more interesting than virtue but
turns out to be destructive.” O “the vanity of human desires”
O ContextO Relevance of context? Effect on theme?O Effect on conventions of genre? (i.e.
Shakespeare didn’t write in free verse)
Speaker/PoV and Audience
O The poet or a specific persona?O PoV?O What assumptions can you make
about the speaker? O age, gender, class, emotional state,
etc.O Relevant to poem’s content?O Identified audience?O Language influenced by audience?
DictionO Classify and explain:
O denotative vs. connotative (dead vs. passed away)
O concrete vs. abstract O monosyllabic vs. polysyllabicO positive vs. negative (slender vs. skinny,
determined vs. stubborn)O colloquial (dialect) / informal / formalO cacophonous vs. euphonious
O Repeated words?
Form/StructureO form correspond to theme?O follow a formal poetic structure (i.e.
sonnet, haiku, blues poem, etc.)? O If so, what are the characteristics of that
form? How does it deviate from that form?O divided into stanzas? any reason stanza
breaks?O stanzas and lines consistently the same
length? follow a particular pattern? any stanzas, lines, or words that diverge from the pattern?
SyntaxO Enjambment or end-stopped lines? Effects of
this?O Caesura? Effects?O Use of punctuation – effects on pacing?O Uncommon fonts? Bolded? Italicized? Why?O Active or passive sentences? O Consistent verb tense?O complete sentences, fragments, or
combination of both? pattern? O word order natural or grammatically
irregular?
ImageryO literal or figurative? abstract or
concrete? sensory experiences evoked? repeated images?
O Figurative Language O simile, metaphor, personification,
hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, understatement
O comparisons express images or abstract ideas?
O effect on tone and theme?O Symbolism? recurring?
SoundO Identifiable rhythm? Syllables in
each line? Pattern? Stressed or unstressed syllables?
O Alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia? How do these enhance rhythm and musicality?
O Identifiable rhyme scheme? Results?O Consistent or inconsistent?O What kind (exact, etc.)? Effects?
Irony/AllusionO Irony
O Does irony reveal or hide anything?O Paradox? Oxymoron? (insert “you’re
an oxymoron” joke here)O Allusion (You absolutely need to
know these before the IOC! Maybe a surprise quiz (that was just announced in advance)?)O Are there any? What are they?
Effects?O Similarity of reference? Effects?
ToneO Is the tone positive or negative?
What are the words that describe it most accurately?
O Does the tone change as the poem progresses? Is it consistent at the beginning and ending of the poem?
O How do literary devices influence tone?