Pocket World in Figures - cdn.static-economist.comcdn.static-economist.com/sites/default/files/store/... · I am delighted to introduce the 25th annual edition of The Economist Pocket

Pocket

World in Figures2016 Edition

01 WIF 2016 prelim’s V2_01 WIF 2013 prelim’s 21/07/2015 14:39 Page 1

THE ECONOM I ST I N A S SOC IAT ION W I TH PROF I L E BOOKS LTD

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2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015

Material researched and compiled by Andrea Burgess, Mark Doyle, Lisa Davies, Ian Emery,

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Contents

7 Welcome8 Notes10 Twenty-five years on

13 Part I World rankings

14 Countries: natural factsCountries: the largest Mountains: the highestRivers: the longest Deserts: the largest non-polarLakes: the largest Islands: the largest

16 Population: size and growthLargest populations 2013 Largest populations 2050Fastest growing populations Slowest growing populations

18 Population: matters of breeding and sexHighest and lowest crude birth ratesMost births to women aged 15–19 and 45–49Highest and lowest fertility ratesHighest and lowest males per 100 females

20 Population: ageHighest and lowest median age Oldest and youngest populations

21 City livingBiggest cities Fastest and slowest growing citiesSingle city importance Urban growthHighest and lowest % urban populationBiggest urban and rural populations City liveability index Tallest buildings Europe’s tallest buildings

25 Refugees and asylum seekersMost refugees by nationality Countries with largest refugee populationsAsylum applications by originAsylum applications in industrialised countries

26 The world economyBiggest economies Biggest economies by purchasing power Regional GDP Regional purchasing power Regional population Regional international trade

28 Living standardsHighest and lowest GDP per personHighest and lowest purchasing power

30 The quality of lifeHighest and lowest human development indexSocial progress index Highest and lowest Gini coefficient Economic freedom index

32 Economic growthHighest economic growth Lowest economic growth Highest services growth Lowest services growth


34 Trading placesBiggest exporters Most and least trade dependent Biggest traders of goods Biggest earners from services and income

36 Balance of payments: current accountLargest surpluses Largest deficits Largest surpluses as % of GDP Largest deficits as % of GDPOfficial reserves Gold reserves Workers’ remittances

39 Exchange ratesBig Mac index

40 Public finance Government debt Government spending Tax revenue

41 DemocracyMost and least democratic Most and least parliamentary seatsWomen in parliament

42 InflationHighest and lowest consumer price inflationCommodity prices: change House prices: change

44 DebtHighest foreign debt Highest foreign debt burden Highest debt and debt service ratios Household debt

46 AidLargest recipients Largest donors Biggest changes to aid

48 Industry and servicesLargest industrial outputHighest and lowest growth in industrial outputLargest manufacturing output Largest services output

50 AgricultureLargest agricultural output Most and least economically dependentHighest growth Lowest growthBiggest producers: cereals, meat, fruit, vegetables

52 CommoditiesLeading producers and consumers of: wheat, rice, sugar, coarse grains, tea, coffee, cocoa, copper, lead, zinc, tin, nickel, aluminium, precious metals, rubber, raw wool, cotton, major oil seeds, oil, natural gas, coal Oil reserves

58 EnergyLargest producers Largest consumers Most and least energy efficient Highest and lowest net importersLargest consumption per person Sources of electricity

60 Workers of the worldHighest and lowest % of working-age population in labour forceMost male and female workforces Highest rate of unemployment Highest rate of youth unemployment NEET rates Minimum wage Average hours worked

CONTENTS


63 Business costs and foreign direct investmentOffice rents Employment costs Foreign direct investment

64 Business creativity and researchEntrepreneurial activity Highest and lowest brain drainsR&D expenditure Patents granted and in force

66 Businesses and banksLargest non-bank businesses Largest banks Largest sovereign-wealth funds

68 StockmarketsLargest market capitalisationLargest gains and losses in global stockmarketsLargest value traded Number of listed domestic companies

70 Transport: roads and carsLongest road networks Densest road networks Most crowded road networks Longest distance travelled Highest car ownership Lowest car ownership Vehicle production New car registrations

74 Transport: planes and trainsMost air travel Busiest airports Longest railway networks Most rail passengers Most rail freight

76 Transport: shippingLargest merchant fleets Most shipbuilding deliveries and ordersBusiest ports

77 TourismMost tourist arrivals Biggest tourist spenders Largest tourist receipts

78 EducationHighest and lowest primary enrolment Highest secondary enrolment Highest tertiary enrolmentLeast literate Top universities Highest and lowest education spending

80 Life expectancyHighest life expectancy Highest male life expectancy Highest female life expectancy Lowest life expectancy Lowest male life expectancy Lowest female life expectancy

82 Death rates and infant mortalityHighest death rates Highest infant mortality Lowest death rates Lowest infant mortality

84 Death and diseaseDiabetes Malaria Cancer Tuberculosis Measles and DPT immunisation HIV/AIDS prevalence and deaths

86 HealthHighest health spending Lowest health spending Highest population per doctor Lowest population per doctor Highest obesity in men and women Food supply

CONTENTS


CONTENTS

88 Marriage and divorceHighest marriage rates Lowest marriage ratesHighest divorce rates Lowest divorce rates

90 Households, living costs and givingBiggest households Average household sizeHighest and lowest cost of living World Giving Index

92 Telephones, computers and the internetTelephones Mobile telephones Computers Internet usersBroadband

94 Arts and entertainmentMusic sales Book publishingCinema attendances Top Oscar winners

96 The pressDaily newspapers Press freedom

97 Nobel prize winnersPeace Economics Literature MedicinePhysics Chemistry

98 Sports championsWorld Cup winners and finalists: men’s: football, cricket, rugby and tennis; women’s football Olympics: Winter winners 2014 Winter winners 1924–2014

100 VicesBeer drinkers Smokers Gambling losses

101 Crime and punishmentMurders Robberies Prisoners

102 War and peaceDefence spending Armed forces Arms traders Global Peace Index

104 SpaceSpace budgets Orbital launches

105 EnvironmentBiggest emitters of carbon dioxide Largest amount of carbon dioxide emitted per personMost polluted capital cities Renewable sources of energyLowest access to electricity Largest forests Most forestDeforestation Number of species under threatBiggest nationally protected land and marine area

109 Part II Country profiles

248 Glossary250 List of countries254 Sources


Welcome

I am delighted to introduce the 25th annual edition of TheEconomist Pocket World in Figures.

Since 1991 when the first edition was published the worldhas undergone major demographic, economic andtechnological changes. No longer do we print out individualsheets of paper with lists of complex data and send them off inthe post to be published. Now we upload our spreadsheets tothe cloud so that we can share the information with ourcontributors and colleagues all around the world.

In the past quarter of a century this book has evolved withthe times. We now embrace the internet, mobile phones andrenewable energy. This book has tracked the good – forexample, reductions in infant mortality – and the bad, such asthe rise of obesity and diabetes. In the process, the rankingshave swelled to cover 183 countries and the country profileshave risen from 60 to 67, with added profiles of the euro area andthe world. ThePocketWorld inFiguresprovides an increasinglydetailed, ever-changing portrait of the world we live in and isan essential resource for our globally curious readers.

Zanny Minton BeddoesEditor-in-Chief, The Economist

Pocket World in Figures presents and analyses data about theworld in two sections:

The world rankings consider and rank the performance of 183countries against a range of indicators. These are countrieswhich had (in 2013) or have recently had a population of atleast 1m or a GDP of at least $3bn; they are listed on pages250–53. New rankings this year include topics as diverse asNEET (not in education, employment or training) rates,employment costs, ports, gambling and football World Cupwinners.

The country profiles look in detail at 67 major countries, listedon page 109, plus profiles of the euro area and the world.

To celebrate our 25th anniversary, this 2016 edition of TheEconomist Pocket World in Figures includes a special “Twenty-five years on” feature which looks at how the world haschanged since our first edition was published back in 1991.This reflects not only on changes to the data, but how theindicators themselves have shifted (see pages 10–12).


The extent and quality of the statistics available varies fromcountry to country. Every care has been taken to specify thebroad definitions on which the data are based and to indicatecases where data quality or technical difficulties are such thatinterpretation of the figures is likely to be seriously affected.Nevertheless, figures from individual countries may differfrom standard international statistical definitions. The term“country” can also refer to territories or economic entities.

Definitions of the statistics shown are given on the relevantpage or in the glossary on pages 248–9. Figures may not addexactly to totals, or percentages to 100, because of rounding or,in the case of GDP, statistical adjustment. Sums of money havegenerally been converted to US dollars at the official exchangerate ruling at the time to which the figures refer.

Some country definitionsMacedonia is officially known as the Former YugoslavRepublic of Macedonia. Data for Cyprus normally refer toGreek Cyprus only. Data for China does not include Hong Kongor Macau. Data for Sudan are largely for the country before itbecame two countries, Sudan and South Sudan, in July 2011.For countries such as Morocco they exclude disputed areas.Congo-Kinshasa refers to the Democratic Republic of Congo,formerly known as Zaire. Congo-Brazzaville refers to theother Congo. The Netherlands Antilles was dissolved in 2011but continues to appear in some data; Curaçao qualifies forinclusion but there are few data as yet. Data for the EU referto the 28 members as at January 1 2008, unless otherwisenoted. Euro area data normally refer to the 18 members thathad adopted the euro as at December 31 2014: Austria,Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Greece,Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. (Lithuania joined theeuro area on January 1 2015.) At the time of going to press,uncertainty remained over Greece’s future as part of the eurozone. For more information about the EU and the euro areasee the glossary on pages 248–9.

Statistical basisThe all-important factor in a book of this kind is to be able tomake reliable comparisons between countries. Although thisis never quite possible for the reasons stated above, the bestroute, which this book takes, is to compare data for the sameyear or period and to use actual, not estimated, figures

Notes

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NOTES 9

wherever possible. In some cases, only OECD members areconsidered. Where a country’s data is excessively out of date,it is excluded. The research for this edition was carried out in2015 using the latest available sources that present data onan internationally comparable basis.

Data in the country profiles, unless otherwise indicated,refer to the year ending December 31 2013. Life expectancyand death rates are based on 2015–20 estimatedaverages; fertility rates for 2013, crude birth rates for 2014,energy data for 2011–12 and religion for 2010; marriage anddivorce, employment, health and education, consumer goodsand services data refer to the latest year for which figures areavailable.

Other definitionsData shown in country profiles may not always be consistentwith those shown in the world rankings because thedefinitions or years covered can differ.

Statistics for principal exports and principal imports arenormally based on customs statistics. These are generallycompiled on different definitions to the visible exports andimports figures shown in the balance of payments section.

Energy consumption data are not always reliable,particularly for the major oil producing countries;consumption per person data may therefore be higher than inreality. Energy exports can exceed production and importscan exceed consumption if transit operations distort tradedata or oil is imported for refining and re-exported.

Abbreviations and conventions(see also glossary on pages 248–9)

bn billion (one thousand million)

EU European Union

GDP gross domestic product

GNI gross national income

ha hectare

kg kilogram

km kilometre

m million

PPP purchasing power parity

TOE tonnes of oil equivalent

trn trillion (one thousand billion)

… not available

01 WIF 2016 prelimʼs V2_01 WIF 2013 prelimʼs 13/07/2015 18:38 Page 9

Twenty-five years on

In the past 25 years the planet’s population has surged and itsdistribution has been far from equal. Developing countrieshave experienced booms while developed economies havestagnated. India added 418m people to its populationbetween 1988 (the base year for data in the first edition of thePocket World in Figures, published in 1991) and 2013 (thebase year for this edition). Germany and Japan, meanwhile,mustered fewer than 9m between them.

Alongside this, the world has seen dramatic urbanisation,most pronounced in China and India. In 1988, Seoul, SouthKorea’s capital, was one of the world’s biggest cities with apopulation of 10m. Today, it does not even make the top 30. Theworld’s biggest city is still Tokyo, with a population now almostfour times that of Seoul. In 2015, six cities in China and five inIndia were larger than Seoul. (For full rankings, see page 21.)

As poorer countries have developed, birth rates andfertility rates have fallen steadily. In Kenya, for example, theaverage number of children born to each woman has droppedfrom 8.1 in the late 1980s to 4.3 in 2013 (see page 19). Inmany rich world countries, however, they are beginning to rise.

As health care, diet and nutrition have improved, so has lifeexpectancy. In 1988 Japan topped the table with an average of78 years. In the 25 years since, Mexico, Lebanon, Cuba, theCzech Republic and dozens more have improved on this.Monaco now ranks highest with a remarkable 89 years (seepage 80). At the other end of the spectrum, Sierra Leoneans arenow expected to live to 47, six years more than in 1988. As aresult of such gains, the percentage of people aged over 65 hassurged. In the 1980s, not a single country had to cope with20% of its population being over 65. Now Japan, Germany andItaly all face this. African countries, however, continue to have

World’s biggest citiesPopulation in urban agglomeration, m1988 2015

1 Tokyo, Japan 31.62 Osaka, Japan 18.13 New York, US 16.04 Mexico City, Mexico 15.15 São Paulo, Brazil 14.26 Mumbai, India 11.67 Los Angeles, US 10.68 Kolkata, India 10.59 Buenos Aires, Argentina 10.310 Seoul, South Korea 10.0

1 Tokyo, Japan 38.02 Delhi, India 25.73 Shanghai, China 23.74 São Paulo, Brazil 21.15 Mumbai, India 21.0

Mexico City, Mexico 21.07 Beijing, China 20.48 Osaka, Japan 20.29 Cairo, Egypt 18.810 New York, US 18.6


the world’s youngest populations. In the late 1980s, 40–50% ofpeople were under 15 years old across much of the continent.In 2013, this remained the case (see page 20).

Despite the health improvements, an AIDS pandemic hasgripped Africa throughout this period. Twenty-five years agoCongo-Brazzaville reported 66 cases per 100,000 people, byfar the highest rate on the continent. Now 22 Africancountries report more than 100 deaths per 100,000 (see page85). Even this rate is substantially down from the mid-2000s.

The causes of death have changed as people’s lifestyleshave become increasingly comfortable. In many developedcountries, the average person has some 3,000 calories per dayavailable for consumption (see page 87). As a result, diabetesand obesity, not recorded in the Pocket World in Figures until2005 and 2006 respectively, are now endemic (see page 84).On a more positive note, smoking has fallen steeply in the richworld. The Greeks, previously serial puffers, have halved theircigarette intake to an average of four-and-a-half a day perperson (see page 100).

In the rich world the marriage rate has fallen, with a thirdfewer unions in the United States than 25 years ago. Divorcerates have also fallen, down by two-fifths in the United States(see pages 88–9). Globally, more young women than youngmen graduate from university every year. And this increasedfocus on careers has pushed back the average age of marriage.In the United Kingdom the average age of a bride is now 32,up from 24 in 1987.

Perhaps the most startling backward step in the past 25years has taken place in the Americas. In 1986, only twocountries in the world had murder rates above 20 per 100,000people: Philippines at 38.7, and Lesotho, at 36.4. Now, 13countries in the Americas alone exceed this (see page 101).

MurdersHomicides per 100,000 population1986 2012 or latest1 Philippines 38.7 1 Honduras 91.02 Lesotho 36.4 2 Venezuela 53.63 Sri Lanka 18.9 3 Virgin Islands (US) 52.64 Jamaica 18.0 4 El Salvador 41.55 Guyana 15.6 5 Jamaica 39.16 Lebanon 13.2 6 Lesotho 38.07 Zimbabwe 12.6 7 Guatemala 34.68 Thailand 12.4 8 Colombia 30.79 Bahamas 12.2 South Africa 30.710 Botswana 11.0 10 Bahamas 29.7

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ON 11


The economic scene over the past quarter-century hasbeen dominated by the rise of China. With an average annualgrowth rate of 9.7%, it is now the world’s second largesteconomy. (Only one country has exceeded 10% annual growthacross the entire period – Equatorial Guinea, with 18%.)

Biggest economies$bn, 2013 prices1988 20131 United States 9,612 1 United States 16,7682 Japan 5,630 2 China 9,2403 West Germany 2,379 3 Japan 4,9204 France 1,869 4 Germany 3,7305 Italy 1,631 5 France 2,8066 United Kingdom 1,627 6 United Kingdom 2,6787 USSR 1,148 7 Brazil 2,2468 Canada 961 8 Italy 2,1499 Brazil 697 9 Russia 2,09710 Spain 666 10 India 1,875

China’s GDP per person has risen eightfold to $6,807. Itmay not compete with Monaco’s $173,000 per person (seepage 28), but in these years it has pulled roughly 600m of itspopulation above the poverty line ($1.25 a day in 2005prices). It has also become by far the largest consumer of theworld’s resources (see pages 52–7).

China’s industrial output, which was a seventh of theUnited States’ in 1988, overtook it in 2010. As a result, China’sshare of world exports has risen from 1.4% to 10.4%, behindonly the United States and the euro area (see page 34).

Thanks to the rapid evolution of consumer goods, theitems ranked in 1988 for the first edition have almost all beenreplaced. No longer does the Pocket World in Figures compilestatistics on the share of households with video cassetterecorders, microwaves and dishwashers. It now ranks mobilephone ownership, computer sales and the number ofbroadband subscribers (see pages 92–3).

In many ways, the world we documented in 1988 seems asimpler, more innocent time. Hans Christian Andersen andEnid Blyton were among the most translated authors in theworld and there were no rankings for teenage pregnancies,gambling, prisoners, robberies and refugees (see pages 18,100, 101 and 25, respectively). In part that is because thereare more, and better, data available today. And for all that’schanged, for better or worse, there is one constant truth:France still draws the most tourists in the world (see page 77).

12 TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ON


Worldrankings


Countries: natural facts

14 WORLD RANKINGS

Mountains: the highestbName Location Height (m)

Countries: the largesta’000 sq km

1 Russia 17,0982 Canada 9,9853 United States 9,8344 China 9,5975 Brazil 8,5156 Australia 7,6927 India 3,2878 Argentina 2,7809 Kazakhstan 2,725

10 Algeria 2,38211 Congo-Kinshasa 2,34512 Saudi Arabia 2,20713 Greenland 2,16614 Mexico 1,96415 Indonesia 1,91116 Sudan 1,87917 Libya 1,76018 Iran 1,62919 Mongolia 1,56420 Peru 1,28521 Chad 1,28422 Niger 1,26723 Angola 1,24724 Mali 1,24025 South Africa 1,22126 Colombia 1,14227 Ethiopia 1,10428 Bolivia 1,09929 Mauritania 1,03130 Egypt 1,002

31 Tanzania 94732 Nigeria 92433 Venezuela 91234 Namibia 82435 Mozambique 80236 Pakistan 79637 Turkey 78438 Chile 75639 Zambia 75340 Myanmar 67741 Afghanistan 65342 South Sudan 64443 Somalia 63844 Central African Rep. 62345 Ukraine 60446 Kenya 59247 Madagascar 58748 Botswana 58249 France 55250 Yemen 52851 Thailand 51352 Spain 50653 Turkmenistan 48854 Cameroon 47655 Papua New Guinea 46356 Sweden 45057 Morocco 447

Uzbekistan 44759 Iraq 43560 Paraguay 407

a Includes freshwater. b Includes separate peaks which are part of the same massif.

1 Everest China-Nepal 8,8482 K2 (Godwin Austen) China-Jammu and Kashmir 8,6113 Kangchenjunga India-Nepal 8,5864 Lhotse China-Nepal 8,5165 Makalu China-Nepal 8,4636 Cho Oyu China-Nepal 8,2017 Dhaulagiri Nepal 8,1678 Manaslu Nepal 8,1639 Nanga Parbat China-Jammu and Kashmir 8,126

10 Annapurna I Nepal 8,09111 Gasherbrum I China-Jammu and Kashmir 8,06812 Broad Peak China-Jammu and Kashmir 8,04713 Gasherbrum II China-Jammu and Kashmir 8,03514 Xixabangma Feng China 8,012

02 WIF 2016 rankings_02 WIF 2014 rankings 01/07/2015 10:24 Page 14

1 Nile Africa 6,6952 Amazon South America 6,5163 Yangtze Asia 6,3804 Mississippi-Missouri system North America 5,9595 Ob’-Irtysh Asia 5,5686 Yenisey-Angara-Selanga Asia 5,5507 Huang He (Yellow) Asia 5,4648 Congo Africa 4,6679 Río de la Plata-Paraná South America 4,500

10 Irtysh Asia 4,440

COUNTRIES: NATURAL FACTS 15

Notes: Estimates of the lengths of rivers vary widely depending on eg, the path to takethrough a delta. The definition of a desert is normally a mean annual precipitation valueequal to 250ml or less. Australia is defined as a continent rather than an island.

Rivers: the longestName Location Length (km)

Lakes: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

Islands: the largestName Location Area (’000 sq km)

1 Greenland North Atlantic Ocean 2,1762 New Guinea South-west Pacific Ocean 8093 Borneo Western Pacific Ocean 7464 Madagascar Indian Ocean 5875 Baffin North Atlantic Ocean 5076 Sumatra North-east Indian Ocean 4747 Honshu Sea of Japan-Pacific Ocean 2278 Great Britain Off coast of north-west Europe 218

Deserts: the largest non-polarName Location Area (’000 sq km)

1 Sahara Northern Africa 8,6002 Arabian South-western Asia 2,3003 Gobi Mongolia/China 1,3004 Patagonian Argentina 6735 Syrian Middle East 5206 Great Basin South-western United States 4927 Great Victoria Western and Southern Australia 4228 Great Sandy Western Australia 395

1 Caspian Sea Central Asia 3712 Superior Canada/United States 823 Victoria East Africa 694 Huron Canada/United States 605 Michigan United States 586 Tanganyika East Africa 337 Baikal Russia 31

Great Bear Canada 31


1 China 1,385.62 India 1,252.13 United States 320.14 Indonesia 249.95 Brazil 200.46 Pakistan 182.17 Nigeria 173.68 Bangladesh 156.69 Russia 142.8

10 Japan 127.111 Mexico 122.312 Philippines 98.413 Ethiopia 94.114 Vietnam 91.715 Germany 82.716 Egypt 82.117 Iran 77.418 Turkey 74.919 Congo-Kinshasa 67.520 Thailand 67.021 France 64.322 United Kingdom 63.123 Italy 61.024 Myanmar 53.325 South Africa 52.826 South Korea 49.3

Tanzania 49.328 Colombia 48.329 Spain 46.930 Ukraine 45.231 Kenya 44.432 Argentina 41.433 Algeria 39.234 Poland 38.235 Sudan 38.036 Uganda 37.6

37 Canada 35.238 Iraq 33.839 Morocco 33.040 Afghanistan 30.641 Peru 30.4

Venezuela 30.443 Malaysia 29.744 Uzbekistan 28.945 Saudi Arabia 28.846 Nepal 27.847 Ghana 25.948 Mozambique 25.849 North Korea 24.950 Yemen 24.451 Australia 23.3

Taiwan 23.353 Madagascar 22.954 Cameroon 22.355 Syria 21.956 Romania 21.757 Angola 21.558 Sri Lanka 21.359 Ivory Coast 20.360 Niger 17.861 Chile 17.662 Burkina Faso 16.963 Netherlands 16.864 Kazakhstan 16.4

Malawi 16.466 Ecuador 15.767 Guatemala 15.568 Mali 15.369 Cambodia 15.170 Zambia 14.571 Senegal 14.1

Population: size and growth

16 WORLD RANKINGS

Largest populationsMillion, 2013

Largest populationsMillion, 20501 India 1,6202 China 1,3853 Nigeria 4404 United States 4015 Indonesia 3216 Pakistan 2717 Brazil 2318 Bangladesh 2029 Ethiopia 188

10 Philippines 157

11 Mexico 15612 Congo-Kinshasa 15513 Tanzania 12914 Egypt 12215 Russia 12116 Japan 10817 Uganda 104

Vietnam 10419 Iran 10120 Kenya 97

Note: Populations include migrant workers.


1 Niger 3.92 Mali 3.2

Uganda 3.2Zambia 3.2

5 Gambia, The 3.16 Angola 3.0

Burundi 3.08 Chad 2.9

Syria 2.9Tanzania 2.9

11 Malawi 2.8Somalia 2.8

13 Burkina Faso 2.7Eritrea 2.7Kenya 2.7Nigeria 2.7Senegal 2.7

18 Congo-Kinshasa 2.6Equatorial Guinea 2.6Iraq 2.6Rwanda 2.6

South Sudan 2.6Zimbabwe 2.6

24 Benin 2.525 Cameroon 2.4

Congo-Brazzaville 2.4Ethiopia 2.4Guinea 2.4Liberia 2.4Mozambique 2.4Togo 2.4West Bank & Gaza 2.4

33 Guinea-Bissau 2.3Kuwait 2.3Mauritania 2.3Sudan 2.3

37 Afghanistan 2.2Gabon 2.2Ivory Coast 2.2Tajikistan 2.2

41 Yemen 2.142 United Arab Emirates 2.0

POPULATION: SIZE AND GROWTH 17

Fastest growing populationsAverage annual % change, 2015–20

Slowest growing populationsAverage annual % change, 2015–201 Bulgaria -0.82 Lebanon -0.7

Moldova -0.7Ukraine -0.7

5 Latvia -0.6Serbia -0.6

7 Belarus -0.5Georgia -0.5

9 Croatia -0.4Lithuania -0.4

11 Estonia -0.3Romania -0.3Russia -0.3

14 Bosnia & Herz. -0.2Cuba -0.2Germany -0.2Hungary -0.2Japan -0.2

19 Greece -0.1Montenegro -0.1Portugal -0.1

22 Armenia 0.0Macedonia 0.0Poland 0.0Puerto Rico 0.0Slovakia 0.0

Trinidad & Tobago 0.0Virgin Islands (US) 0.0

29 Italy 0.1Slovenia 0.1Thailand 0.1

32 Bermuda 0.2Malta 0.2Martinique 0.2Netherlands 0.2

36 Albania 0.3Belgium 0.3Czech Republic 0.3Finland 0.3Mauritius 0.3Spain 0.3Uruguay 0.3

43 Austria 0.4China 0.4Denmark 0.4Guadeloupe 0.4South Korea 0.4

48 Barbados 0.5Channel Islands 0.5France 0.5Jamaica 0.5North Korea 0.5


Population: matters of breeding and sex

18 WORLD RANKINGS

Crude birth ratesBirths per 1,000 population, 2014Highest Lowest

Most birthsBy mother’s age group, ’000, 2005–10 Aged 15–19 Aged 45–49

1 India 13,9402 Nigeria 4,7073 Bangladesh 3,4134 Brazil 3,1555 Indonesia 2,6766 China 2,4187 United States 2,1098 Congo-Kinshasa 2,0439 Ethiopia 2,001

10 Mexico 1,94111 Tanzania 1,46112 Pakistan 1,42213 Uganda 1,29214 Philippines 1,24615 Kenya 1,06416 Mozambique 95617 Sudan 93518 Egypt 92619 Angola 92320 Afghanistan 82421 Colombia 78222 Russia 75423 Niger 753

1 Nigeria 6512 India 5573 Pakistan 2564 China 1975 Congo-Kinshasa 1866 Indonesia 1727 Ethiopia 1678 Kenya 1199 Sudan 82

10 Mozambique 7911 Morocco 6812 Philippines 6413 Brazil 6114 Uganda 5915 Afghanistan 55

Niger 55Somalia 55

18 Tanzania 5319 Saudi Arabia 5220 South Africa 5021 Yemen 4922 Bangladesh 4823 South Sudan 43

1 Niger 502 Chad 483 Central African Rep. 474 Angola 46

Congo-Kinshasa 466 Burundi 45

Zambia 458 Somalia 449 Burkina Faso 43

Mozambique 43Uganda 43

12 Mali 4213 Gambia, The 4114 Malawi 40

Senegal 40Tanzania 40

17 Cameroon 39Nigeria 39

19 Congo-Brazzaville 38Guinea 38Guinea-Bissau 38Sierra Leone 38

1 Monaco 62 Andorra 8

Bosnia & Herz. 8Germany 8Hong Kong 8Japan 8Portugal 8Taiwan 8

9 Austria 9Bulgaria 9Greece 9Hungary 9Italy 9South Korea 9Serbia 9Singapore 9Spain 9


POPULATION: MATTERS OF BREEDING AND SEX 19

Fertility ratesAverage number of children per woman, 2013Highest Lowest

1 Niger 7.62 South Sudan 7.03 Chad 6.6

Congo-Kinshasa 6.6Somalia 6.6

6 Angola 6.2Central African Rep. 6.2

8 Burundi 6.1Mali 6.1

10 Zambia 6.011 Burkina Faso 5.9

Uganda 5.913 Mozambique 5.7

Timor-Leste 5.715 Gambia, The 5.6

Nigeria 5.617 Malawi 5.518 Senegal 5.3

Tanzania 5.320 Sudan 5.221 Afghanistan 5.1

Cameroon 5.1Guinea 5.1

1 Andorra 1.1Hong Kong 1.1Taiwan 1.1

4 Macau 1.2Moldova 1.2Poland 1.2Portugal 1.2Singapore 1.2South Korea 1.2

10 Bosnia & Herz. 1.3Greece 1.3Hungary 1.3Romania 1.3Slovakia 1.3Spain 1.3

16 Austria 1.4Germany 1.4Italy 1.4Japan 1.4Malta 1.4Mauritius 1.4Monaco 1.4Serbia 1.4

Sex ratiosMales per 100 females, 2010Highest Lowest

1 Qatar 312.22 United Arab Emirates 240.23 Bahrain 165.74 Kuwait 148.55 Oman 142.16 Saudi Arabia 129.77 Bhutan 115.88 China 107.49 India 107.2

10 Armenia 105.811 Pakistan 105.612 Equatorial Guinea 105.213 French Polynesia 105.014 Jordan 104.615 Ivory Coast 104.516 Cyprus 104.3

Fiji 104.318 Papua New Guinea 104.1

Syria 104.120 Lebanon 104.021 Libya 103.822 Nigeria 103.4

1 Latvia 84.12 Martinique 85.63 Lithuania 85.7

Ukraine 85.75 Russia 85.96 Estonia 86.47 Belarus 86.98 Hong Kong 88.19 Georgia 89.2

10 Guadeloupe 89.311 Moldova 90.212 Hungary 90.513 El Salvador 90.614 Virgin Islands (US) 91.515 Macau 92.216 Puerto Rico 92.517 Kazakhstan 93.118 Croatia 93.219 Uruguay 93.320 Poland 93.421 France 93.6


Population: age

20 WORLD RANKINGS

Median ageaHighest, 2013 Lowest, 20131 Monaco 50.52 Japan 45.93 Germany 45.54 Italy 44.35 Bulgaria 43.06 Greece 42.87 Austria 42.78 Bermuda 42.6

Croatia 42.610 Hong Kong 42.4

Slovenia 42.412 Finland 42.313 Portugal 42.214 Liechtenstein 42.115 Channel Islands 42.0

Switzerland 42.017 Andorra 41.8

Netherlands 41.819 Martinique 41.720 Belgium 41.621 Latvia 41.522 Spain 41.423 Denmark 41.1

1 Niger 15.02 Chad 15.8

Uganda 15.84 Angola 16.3

Mali 16.3Somalia 16.3

7 Afghanistan 16.58 Timor-Leste 16.6

Zambia 16.610 Gambia, The 17.011 Burkina Faso 17.112 Malawi 17.213 Mozambique 17.314 Congo-Kinshasa 17.415 Tanzania 17.516 Burundi 17.617 Nigeria 17.818 Senegal 18.119 Ethiopia 18.2

Rwanda 18.221 Cameroon 18.3

a Age at which there is an equal number of people above and below.

Most old people Most young people% of population aged 60 or over, 2013 % of population aged 0–14, 2013

1 Monaco 35.92 Japan 32.33 Italy 27.24 Germany 27.15 Bulgaria 26.46 Finland 26.37 Greece 25.78 Sweden 25.59 Croatia 25.1

10 Portugal 24.711 Latvia 24.312 Denmark 24.1

Estonia 24.1France 24.1

15 Belgium 24.016 Hungary 23.917 Slovenia 23.818 Austria 23.7

Czech Republic 23.720 Malta 23.521 Netherlands 23.4

Switzerland 23.423 United Kingdom 23.2

1 Niger 50.12 Chad 48.4

Uganda 48.44 Angola 47.55 Mali 47.46 Somalia 47.27 Afghanistan 46.68 Gambia, The 45.99 Timor-Leste 45.8

10 Burkina Faso 45.511 Mozambique 45.412 Malawi 45.313 Congo-Kinshasa 45.014 Tanzania 44.915 Burundi 44.616 Nigeria 44.417 Senegal 43.518 Eritrea 43.219 Cameroon 43.020 Liberia 42.9

Rwanda 42.922 Benin 42.823 Ethiopia 42.7


208 COUNTRY PROFILES

SINGAPOREArea 639 sq km Capital SingaporeArable as % of total land 0.9 Currency Singapore dollar (S$)

PeoplePopulation 5.4m Life expectancy: men 80.6 yrsPop. per sq km 8,450.7 women 85.5 yrsAverage annual growth Adult literacy 96.4in pop. 2015-20 1.5% Fertility rate (per woman) 1.2

Pop. under 15 16.1% Urban population 100.0%Pop. over 60 5.8% per 1,000 pop.No. of men per 100 women 97.4 Crude birth rate 9Human Development Index 90.1 Crude death rate 5.1

The economyGDP S$373bn GDP per head $55,180GDP $298bn GDP per head in purchasingAv. ann. growth in real power parity (USA=100) 148.5GDP 2008–13 5.6% Economic freedom index 89.4

Origins of GDP Components of GDP% of total % of total

Agriculture 0 Private consumption 38Industry, of which: 25 Public consumption 10manufacturing 19 Investment 29

Services 75 Exports 191Imports -168

Structure of employment% of total % of labour force

Agriculture 1.1 Unemployed 2013 2.8Industry 21.8 Av. ann. rate 2000–13 3.7Services 77.1

Energym TOE

Total output 0.2 Net energy imports as %Total consumption 77.6 of energy use 97Consumption per personkg oil equivalent 14,615

Inflation and financeConsumer price av. ann. increase 2009–14inflation 2014 1.0% Narrow money (M1) 11.4%

Av. ann. inflation 2009–14 3.2% Broad money 6.3%Money market rate, Dec. 2014 0.25%

Exchange ratesend 2014 December 2014

S$ per $ 1.32 Effective rates 2010 = 100S$ per SDR 1.91 – nominal 110.30S$ per € 1.60 – real 112.10

05 WIF 2016 Countries 3_05 WIF 2014 Countries 3 01/07/2015 10:26 Page 2

TradePrincipal exports Principal imports

$bn fob $bn cifMineral fuels 99.9 Machinery & transport equip. 156.2Electronic components & parts 98.9 Mineral fuels 116.9Chemicals & chemical products 50.8 Manufactured products 28.8Manufactured products 35.7 Misc. manufactured articles 23.4Total incl. others 410.3 Total incl. others 373.1

Main export destinations Main origins of imports% of total % of total

Malaysia 12.2 China 11.7China 11.8 Malaysia 10.9Hong Kong 11.2 United States 10.3Indonesia 5.7 South Korea 6.4United States 4.3 Japan 5.5

Balance of payments, reserves and debt, $bnVisible exports fob 441.7 Change in reserves 11.9Visible imports fob -367.2 Level of reservesTrade balance 74.5 end Dec. 277.8Invisibles inflows 203.8 No. months of import cover 5.7Invisibles outflows -217.4 Official gold holdings, m oz 4.1Net transfers -6.8 Foreign debt 28.3Current account balance 54.1 – as % of GDP 9.4– as % of GDP 18.2 – as % of total exports 4.4

Capital balance -36.1 Debt service ratio 0.7Overall balance 18.1

Health and educationHealth spending, % of GDP 4.6 Education spending, % of GDP 2.9Doctors per 1,000 pop. 2.0 Enrolment, %:primary …Hospital beds per 1,000 pop. 2.0 secondary …Improved-water source access, tertiary …% of pop. 100

SocietyNo. of households, m 1.6 Cost of living, Dec. 2014Av. no. per household 3.5 New York = 100 129Marriages per 1,000 pop. 6.8 Cars per 1,000 pop. 119Divorces per 1,000 pop. 1.9 Colour TV households, % with:Religion, % of pop. cable 55.8

Buddhist 33.9 satellite …Christian 18.2 Telephone lines per 100 pop. 36.4Non-religious 16.4 Mobile telephone subscribers Muslim 14.3 per 100 pop. 155.9Other 12.0 Broadband subs per 100 pop. 26.0Hindu 5.2 Internet users, % of pop. 73.0

SINGAPORE 209

05 WIF 2016 Countries 3_05 WIF 2014 Countries 3 01/07/2015 10:26 Page 2

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