Pneumonia & the Correlation With Influenza

8/13/2019 Pneumonia & the Correlation With Influenza

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Pneumonia & TheCorrelation With

InfluenzaMalinda Priskasari P.

030.07.149


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Introduction

Pneumonia is aninflammation of the lungsthat's usually caused byinfection with bacteria,

viruses, fungi or otherorganisms.Pneumonia is a particularconcern for older adultsand people with chronic

illnesses or impairedimmune systems, but it canalso strike young, healthypeople.


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Etiology

Etiology is the study of the origins andassociated causes of a disease or condition.Pneumonia is a lung infection that can resultfrom:

bacteria fungus Inhalation of foreign substances viruses.

In most cases, the etiology of pneumonia involvesresearching bacterial infections.


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Bacteria

Many types of

bacteria cancause pneumonia.


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VirusesAbout half ofpneumonias are causedby viruses. When youhave viral pneumonia,you run the risk of also

developing a secondarybacterial pneumonia.


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MycoplasmaThis tiny organism causessigns and symptoms

similar to those of otherbacterial and viralinfections, althoughsymptoms appear moregradually and are often

mild and flu-like. This typeof pneumonia is oftencalled walkingpneumonia.


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FungiCertain types of fungusalso can causepneumonia, althoughthese types of pneumoniaare much less common.

Pneumocystis cariniiPneumonia caused by P.

carinii is an opportunisticinfection that affectspeople living with AIDS.


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Symptoms

breathlessnesschest pain, especially when breathingdeeply

chillscough with phlegm (which is thick,green, yellow, clear or white)delirium or mental confusiondiarrheaearachefatigue or weakness


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symphtoms

headache

heavy breathing

high fever reaching up to 104Fahrenheit

muscle pain

rapid heart rateskin discoloration (purplish)

sore throat

sweating.


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Physical examination

Use of the Stethoscope.Themost important diagnostic toolfor pneumonia is thestethoscope. Sounds in the

chest that may indicatepneumonia include: Rales, a bubbling or crackling

sound. Rhonchi, abnormal rumblings

indicating the presence ofthick fluid.

A dull thud obtained by

percussion.


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Classification

Community-acquired pneumonia.Thisrefers to pneumonia you acquire in thecourse of your daily life at school,

work or the gym, for instance.Hospital-acquired (nosocomial)pneumonia.If you're hospitalized,you're at a higher risk of pneumonia,especially if you are on a mechanicalventilator, are in the intensive care unitor have a compromised immune system.


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classificationAspiration pneumonia.This type of pneumonia occurswhen foreign matter is inhaled (aspirated) into yourlungs most often when the contents of yourstomach enter your lungs after you vomitPneumonia caused by opportunistic organisms.Thistype of pneumonia strikes people with compromisedimmune systems. Organisms that aren't harmful forhealthy people can be extremely dangerous for peoplewith AIDS, organ transplantation and otherconditions that impair the immune system.

Emerging pathogens.Outbreaks of the H5N1influenza (bird flu) virus and severe acute respiratorysyndrome (SARS) have caused serious, sometimesdeadly pneumonia


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Risk Factor

In general, pneumonia is more likely toaffect those who have weaker immunesystems, especially adults over the age

of 65 and young children who do nothave fully developed immune systems.However, factors other than age canweaken people's immune systems and, asa result, put them at a higher risk ofdeveloping pneumonia.


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Prevention

Get vaccinated

Wash your hands.


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Don't smoke

Take care of yourself

Protect others from infection


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ComplicationBacteria in the bloodstream.Pneumonia can turndeadly when inflammation from the disease fills theair sacs in your lungs and interferes with your abilityto breathe.Fluid accumulation and infection around the lungs.Sometimes fluid accumulates between the thin,transparent membrane (pleura) covering your lungsand the membrane that lines the inner surface of

your chest wall - a condition known as pleuraleffusion.

Lung abscess.A cavity containing pus (abscess) thatforms within the area affected by pneumonia isanother potential complication. Abscesses usually aretreated with antibiotics, but in rare cases they mayneed to be removed surgically.


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Pneumoniacough with phlegm (which isthick, green, yellow, clear orwhite)

breathlessnesschest pain, especially whenbreathing deeplydelirium or mental confusionearache

heavy breathingrapid heart rateskin discoloration (purplish)sore throat

Some difference betweenpneumonia and influenza

InfluenzaDry coughNasal congestionLoss of appetiteDiarrhea andvomiting in children


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The Correlation BetweenPneumonia & Influenza

Pneumonia Influenza


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Pneumonia and influenza areattack same system which is

respiratory systemPneumonia and influenza can becaused by virus


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Pneumonia & the Correlation With Influenza