PNBOA 2011 Evaluations Manual FINAL

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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL

Revised 11/18/2011 Page 1

2011 ‐ 2012 TRAINING &

EVALUATIONS MANUAL

Pacific Northwest Basketball

Officials Association

www.pnboa.org





TABLE OF CONTENTS

Evaluations Overview & Goals ......................................................................................................... 3

Purpose and Goals ...................................................................................................................... 3

NFHS Rule Revisions & Points of Emphasis ................................................................................. 3

Deadline Dates & Penalties ......................................................................................................... 4

Letter of Concern ........................................................................................................................ 5

Registered Officials Guidelines ........................................................................................................ 5

Registered Officials Responsibilities ........................................................................................... 6

Procedure Standards ................................................................................................................... 6

Varsity Officials Guidelines .............................................................................................................. 6

Varsity Officials Responsibilities.................................................................................................. 7

Procedure Standards ................................................................................................................... 7

Evaluator Guidelines

........................................................................................................................

8

Paid Varsity Evaluator Guidelines ............................................................................................... 8

Registered Officials’ Evaluator Guidelines .................................................................................. 9

Paid Evaluator Staff Exception (Ding List) ................................................................................. 10

Standardized Scoring Deductions .................................................................................................. 11

Automatic Scoring Deductions: ................................................................................................. 11

Promotions & Reassignments ....................................................................................................... 12

List Movement (10% POLICY) .................................................................................................... 12

Protected Status

........................................................................................................................

12

Failure to comply ...................................................................................................................... 12

Training Academy “Camp” Requirements ................................................................................ 12

Evaluation Form ............................................................................................................................ 13

Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................................ 14

Entering Evaluation Scores ........................................................................................................ 14

Apprentice Evaluations ............................................................................................................. 14

Summary of Changes ..................................................................................................................... 15

2011‐2012 Independent Paid Evaluator Staff ............................................................................... 16

2011‐2012 Evaluation Form .......................................................................................................... 17

Scoring Box Range Definitions ....................................................................................................... 18

Officiating & Evaluation Form Definitions ..................................................................................... 19





EVALUA TIONS OVERVIEW & GOALS Purpose and Goals

This document is maintained by the Evaluations Chairperson and administered with the

authority of the Board of Directors. Our evaluations system is designed to evaluate both

our Varsity and Registered Officials. Each year, Paid Evaluators evaluate our Varsity

members and our Varsity members evaluate the Registered members. These

evaluations serve several purposes:

Improve the quality of our officials, and support professional growth and

development

Provide constructive feedback for officials

Provide a ranked Varsity List

Provide a ranked Registered List

NFHS Rule Revisions & Points of Emphasis

Each year the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) updates

rules and provides points of emphasis (POE) for the season. It is imperative that all

Officials and Evaluators understand and adhere to these revisions and POEs.

The 2011‐2012 Basketball Rules Changes, Major Editorial Changes, and Points of

Emphasis are included at the end of this Manual. You can also download copies at

www.pnboa.org in our “Resources / Files” section:

NFHS Rules Changes 2011‐2012

NFHS Comments

on

the

Rules

Changes

and

Points

of

Emphasis

2011

‐2012





Deadline Dates & Penalties

DATE DESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT

or

NOTIFICATION

PENALTY (IF

APPLICABLE)

APPLICABLE TO

OCT 1 Requests for LOA must be

submitted and

online

MSA

must

be accepted.

Requirement Will move to the

bottom of

your

respective list/placed

on LOA.

Varsity

& Registered

NOV 23 Varsity Officials must declare

conflicts & “ding list” via email to

Assignor

Requirement 1. Failure to submit

exceptions = no dings

2. Failure to submit

conflicts = review by

Ethics Committee

Varsity

NOV 28 Evaluations begin & Final Ranked

Lists published Dec. 2

Notification Varsity

& Registered

JAN 15 Officials notify Assignor and

Evaluations chair

via

email

if they

have not yet received at least 3

(varsity) or 5 (registered)

evaluations by this date.


& Registered

FEB 28 All scores to be posted by both

Paid Evaluators and Varsity

Officials. System will lock out @

midnight on this date.

Requirement Failure to enter scores

by Feb 28th = 1 pt

deduction after

interpolation.

Paid Evaluators

& Varsity

MAR 1 Last date to submit score

verification electronically.

All pink copies of Evaluation sheet

must be sent to the Evaluation

Trainer, post

marked

by

March

1.

Requirement

(Change from

2011)

Failure to submit

electronic score

verification by March

1st = 1 pt deduction

after interpolation.

Paid Evaluators

& Varsity

MAR 1 Varsity officials have completed

evaluations of at least 60% of their

observable games

Requirement Failure to meet the

requirement = 1 pt

deduction after

interpolation.

Varsity

APR 1 Evaluation scores, preliminary

interpolations, and Interpolated

end of the season scores mailed to

officials.


& Registered

MAY 1 Final interpolations, Final overall

scores, and preliminary lists posted

on line for officials.


Registered

MAY 15 Promotion and Re‐assignments

letter mailed to officials.


& Registered

JUN 30 Final end of the season ranked lists

after promotions and re‐

assignments posted online.


& Registered





Letter of Concern

Scores may NOT be appealed.

If an

unusual

or

special

circumstance

occurs,

the

incident

may

be

addressed

by

emailing

a Letter of Concern to the Evaluations Chair and Assignor within three (3) days of the

incident. The Evaluations Chair may authorize the Assignor to schedule an additional

evaluation. The Evaluations Committee will make a recommendation to the Board of

Directors on the validity of the Letter of Concern. The Board will make the final decision

on if the evaluation will be voided for the game during which the incident occurred. If

your concern is rejected, the decision of the Board of Directors will be final.

Varsity Officials who are observed by a Paid Staff member who was a declared

“exception” will be given another evaluation. A Letter of Concern must be emailed

within three

(3)

calendar

days

of

being

observed

by

a declared

exception.

Officials should use the Letter of Concern to notify the Association if:

Evaluator fails to complete/provide a written evaluation

Scoring range box is NOT checked

Discrepancies occur (i.e. number of evaluation sheets do not match the number

of scores)

A conflict or argument occurs with the evaluator

Letters of concern shall be completed via email to the Evaluations Chair and the

Assignor via email.

REGISTERED OFFICIAL S GUIDELINES

“Evaluators” for the purposes of this section are Varsity Officials, whom have the

responsibility to observe the Officials working the JV game, which precedes their

assigned Varsity game. “Officials” for the purposes of this section are the “Registered

Officials,” whom are being evaluated on JV games.

We want to provide our Registered Officials with evaluations that have constructive

comments, which will enhance the Officials ability to referee. The numeric score given

should justify written and verbal evaluations. The scores provided by the Evaluators will

be used to create a ranked list of the Officials. Each season the 10% lowest ranked

Varsity Officials are reassigned to the Registered List. The number of vacancies created





by this reassignment, leaves of absence (LOA), and retirements/resignations will be

filled via the top of the Ranked Registered List.

Registered Officials Responsibilities

1) Provide Assignor availability to work via Arbiter Sports.com.

2) Maintain a positive learning attitude throughout the season and act within the

guidelines, code of ethics, and professional expectations of all PNBOA members.

3) Work at least twelve (12) JV games.

4) Receive at least eight (8) evaluations to obtain an interpolated score average used to

position officials on the Registered list. Those not receiving 7 scores or less will be

listed alphabetically at the end of the list.

5) Report discrepancies

or

lack

of

evaluations

(less

than

five

(5)

by

Jan

15th)

received

via a Letter of Concern to The Evaluations Chairperson and Assignor.

6) Be available during post game with Varsity Officials to review evaluation. It is also

recommended to stay and observe Varsity Officials for at least one quarter if not a

complete half.

Procedure Standards

1) Only the highest eight (8) scores by different Varsity Officials will be calculated

towards a Registered Officials final ranking.

2) For Registered Officials that have 25 or more evaluations during the course of the

season, only the first 25 scores chronologically will be counted and interpolated. All

other evaluations after number 25 will be dropped.

3) Follow Deadline Dates & Penalties, as listed in section 1.3.

4) It is the intent of the PNBOA to help ALL Officials improve. Officials may not “opt‐

out” of the evaluations process.

VARSITY OFFICIALS GUIDELINES

“Evaluators” for the purposes of this section are Paid Evaluators, whom have the

responsibility to observe the Officials working the Varsity game. “Officials” for the

purposes of this section are the “Varsity Officials,” whom are being evaluated on Varsity

games.





We want to provide our Varsity Officials with evaluations that have constructive

comments, which will enhance the Officials ability to referee. The numeric score given

should justify written and verbal evaluations. The scores provided by the Evaluators will

be used to create a ranked list of the Officials. Each season the 10% lowest ranked

Varsity Officials are reassigned to the Registered List. The number of vacancies created

by this

reassignment,

leaves

of

absence

(LOA),

and

retirements/resignations

will

be

filed

via the top of the Ranked Registered List.

Varsity Officials Responsibilities

1) Provide availability to work via ArbtierSports.com.

2) Maintain a positive learning attitude throughout the season and act within the

guidelines, code of ethics, and professional expectations of all PNBOA members.

3) Work at least twelve (12) Varsity games.

4) Receive at least five (5) evaluations from different paid evaluators. Only the first five

(5) scores by different evaluators (chronological order) will be used in calculation of

your score. Any additional evaluations received will be for training and

informational use only.

5) Report discrepancies or lack of evaluations (less than three (3) by Jan 15th) received

via a Letter of Concern to the Evaluations Chairperson and Assignor.

6) Be available during post game with Paid Evaluators to review evaluation.

Procedure Standards

1) The highest four (4) scores after interpolation will be calculated towards a Varsity

Officials final ranking.

2) If you only receive four (4) evaluations, all evaluations will be used in calculation of

your score. No evaluation will be dropped.

3) The lowest interpolated score will be automatically dropped. We do not provide for

appeals, due

to

the

fact

the

lowest

score

is

always

dropped.

4) Follow Deadline Dates & Penalties, as listed in section 1.3.





EVALUA TOR GUIDELINES

Paid Varsity Evaluator Guidelines

1) Arrive at the game site in ample time to be prepared to observe the officials.

2) Use the PNBOA sanctioned evaluation form for each official.

3) During the course of the game, document comments, diagrams, feedback on the

evaluation form in legible fashion.

4) Do not score the evaluation sheet at the time the evaluation is given to each official.

5) Initiate dialogue with each official, about his or her performance on an individual as

well as a crew basis.

6) Check the

“scoring

range”

box(es)

that

best

describes

each

official’s

performance

during the game. Evaluators may check two boxes (must be adjacent) if official’s

performance borders on either box.

7) Provide the official with the top “white” copy of the evaluation form.

8) Retain the bottom “yellow” copy for your records.

9) Send the “pink” copy to the Evaluations trainer for review.

10) Score

evaluations

by

providing

a

number

that

corresponds

to

the

correct

scoring

range you identified during the evaluation meeting. Do not change the scoring

range section later. You may score with any number in that range (please use all

whole numbers).

11) Upon coordination with Evaluations Chairperson, enter evaluation scores into the

PNBOA’s designated website.





Registered Officials’ Evaluator Guidelines

1) Arrive at the game site in ample time to be prepared to observe the officials.

2) Use the PNBOA sanctioned evaluation form for each official.

3) During the course of the game, document comments, diagrams, feedback on the

evaluation form in legible fashion.

4) Do not score the evaluation sheet at the time the evaluation is given to each official.

5) Initiate dialogue with each official, about his or her performance on an individual as

well as a crew basis.

6) Check the “scoring range” box(es) that best describes each official’s performance

during the game. Evaluators may check two boxes (must be adjacent) if official’s

performance borders on either box.

7) Provide the official with the top “white” copy of the evaluation form.

8) Retain the bottom “yellow” copy for your records.

9) Send the “pink” copy to the Evaluations trainer for review.

10) Score evaluations by providing a number that corresponds to the correct scoring

range you identified during the evaluation meeting. Do not change the scoring

range section later. You may score with any number in that range (please use all

whole numbers).

11) Enter evaluations into the PNBOA’s designated website.

ALL varsity officials are required to conduct evaluations regardless of ranking. Varsity

officials must observe at least 60% percent of the observable JV games preceding their

scheduled varsity game. The varsity official must observe a minimum of 2 quarters or 16

minutes of basketball of the JV game. Failure to meet this requirement will be subject

to penalties outlined in section 1.2.

If a Registered official is required to work the Varsity game in an emergency situation,

the Varsity official should wait until the completion of the Varsity game before giving

the evaluation to the registered official.

All evaluations must be entered and scored on the evaluations website no later than

Midnight February 28th, 2010.





Completed Evaluation scores must be electronically verified no later than March 1st,

2010.

Paid Evaluator Staff Exception (Ding List)

Varsity Officials are allowed to avoid conflict by declaring exception to two (2) paid

evaluators each season. This provides a method for which Varsity Officials may exempt

themselves from being evaluated by a particular evaluator. In addition, Varsity Officials

shall declare to the Assignor and Evaluations Chair any conflicts of interest. This should

be done via email by November 23. Refer to Attachment #1, located at the end of this

manual for a complete list of Paid Evaluator Staff.

Submit your exceptions to the School Assignor via email by November 23, 2011.

PAID EVALUATOR STAFF LIST (refer to Attachment #1, located at the end of this manual)





STAN DARDIZ ED SCORING DEDUCTIONS

The PNBOA attempts to provide our Evaluators (both Paid Staff and Varsity Officials)

with guidelines, which reflect current training/trends, the spirit and intent of NFHS Rules

& Manuals, and provides for uniform scoring. Evaluation forms should have comments,

which justify

the

score

and

demonstrate

fair

and

constructive

criticism.

Range of Scores: While our system provides for scores to range from 0‐100; most

Officials are average to above average. Some are above average and fewer are

outstanding. In order to better illustrate this, the evaluation form uses a “scoring range

system” to reflect where that official best fits for that game. It is important to score

within the range that has been selected.

The scale below outlines automatic standard deductions that should be made during the

course of the evaluation.

Automatic Scoring Deductions:

Description Pts deducted

Visible jewelry 1

(Wedding rings are acceptable)

WOA patch missing 1

Improper uniform 1

(Proper uniform is defined in Board Policies; Jackets are optional/not part of uniform)

Failure to

check

book

at

10

minute

mark

2

Failure to meet with captains and coaches prior to start of game 2

Failure to enforce “blood rule” & “concussion rule 2

Failure to follow fighting/ejection procedure 3

While the evaluator should at all times keep an open mind regarding their overall score,

the above deductions should be assessed regardless of the overall performance of the

official or officials who failed to meet the above standards.





PROMOTIONS & REASSIGNMENTS

List Movement (10% POLICY)

The current Varsity List contains 90 ranked members plus any additions such as transfer

tryout officials, etc. After the completion of each season the lowest ranked 10% of the

Varsity members are reassigned to the top of the registered list, in ranked order. 9

members from the Registered list are promoted to the bottom of the Varsity List.

Protected Status

Official promoted to Varsity for the first time are given one year “protected” status.

This protected status means that this official cannot be moved back to the registered list

after only one season on the varsity list.

Failure to comply

Officials who fail to comply with any of the provisions in section 1.2 may be subject to

penalties including reassignment.

Training Academy “Camp” Requirements

All officials who have been promoted from the registered list to the varsity list for the

first time will be required to attend a PNBOA approved training academy or “camp” in

order to be promoted.





EVALUA TION FORM

Editorial Changes to Evaluation Form

(refer to attachment #3 for copy of 2011‐2012 form)

The evaluation

form

itself

has

been

updated

to

include

additional

emphasis

on

3 person

crews, while still allowing the form to work for 2 person crews. These changes bring the

form current to today’s standard of officiating with respect to points of emphasis,

mechanics, and rules.

The scoring system has been revised to reflect a philosophical change in scoring. The

following are the key elements:

Overall scoring remains the same 0‐100.

There

are

five

(5)

“scoring

ranges”.

These

ranges

represent

the

overall

officiated

game

by each official. It will be the responsibility of the evaluator to check the box that they

believe most accurately reflects the evaluation, and must be done at the time the

evaluation occurs.

An evaluator (Varsity or Paid) MAY check two adjacent boxes if they “feel” an official

that an official’s score may rest be in either box. (Maximum of 2 boxes checked) The

evaluator can score to any whole number within that range, but cannot change the

range once the evaluation has been given to the official.

The evaluator will place an actual score on the evaluation at a later time.

The “check

box”

has

returned

to

each

line

item.

Evaluators

will

be

asked

to

check

the

box that is appropriate for each of those line items.

As always, comments must justify the score, however, the evaluator shall be asked to

consider the “scoring range” definitions (refer to attachment #3 for scoring range

definitions located at the end of this manual) with respect to the overall ability of the

official during that specific game.





MISCELLANEOUS

Varsity and Registered Officials List (refer to attachment #5‐located at the end of this

manual)

The evaluation

At

the

completion

of

each

school

season,

and

after

all

of

the

evaluations

have been scored and interpolated, the Evaluations Chairperson will compile two

ranked officials lists:

Varsity List: This ranked list will consist of all “varsity” officials ranked numerically based

on interpolated score. This list will be utilized accordingly by the assignor for the

purposes of assigning playoff, regional and state assignments,

Registered List: This ranked list will consist of all “registered” officials who received a

minimum of 8 evaluations during the season, and ranked numerically based on

interpolated

score.

Entering Evaluation Scores

For the 2011‐ 2012 season, the PNBOA will be using Arbiter (www.arbiter.com) to track

and enter evaluation scores.

Apprentice Evaluations

Although apprentices are not scored as a part of the evaluation process, the Board of

Directors believes

it

is

important

to

ensure

apprentices

are

familiar

with

the

process

as

they advance through the organization, and encourages all varsity officials to provide an

evaluation on the proper form.





SUMMARY OF CHAN GES

Revised Evaluation form to reflect current officiating practices. Will be used for both 2

and 3 person crews. (see Attachment #2)

Revised scoring

range

classifications

for

the

purposes

of

providing

the

official

with

more

feedback and “real world” range scoring spreads and definitions as to what level they

officiated at during the game being observed. (see attachment #3)

Added current Officiating terms and definitions which are used during the Various

officiating training academies, the 2011 PNBOA Fall Training Academy and on the

updated 2011 – 2012 PNBOA / SOWB Evaluation – Evaluation Form (see attachment #

4).

Number of days to submit a letter of concern reduced from seven (7) to three (3).

Updated notifications for important dates during the Evaluations calendar.

Updated penalties for failure to comply with specific duties within the Evaluations

program.

Allowed paid and varsity observers to check two adjacent boxes ONLY if an officials

performance boarders on adjacent defined scoring areas.

Registered official maximum evaluations that can be counted and interpolated have

been limited to 25. Only the top 8 by different Varsity officials will be counted towards

final ranking.

Revised and updated Paid Evaluator list.





Attachment #1

201 1-20 12 I NDEPENDENT PAID EVAL UAT OR STAFF

Mr. Mark Cook – Independent Evaluator Trainer and Liaison to Evaluation Committee

Mr. Malcolm Boyles

Mr. Donald Brady

Mr. Scott DePuy

Mr. Bob Carter

Mr. Ike Durham

Mr. Jeremy Eggers

Mr. Duane Johnson

Mr. Al Leonard

Mr. Ken MacDougall

Mr. Harvey Marshall

Mr. Matt

Mason

Mr. Dale McGregor

Mr. Al Murch

Mr. Mike Partlow

Mr. Don Rasmussen

Mr. Ronald

Richardson

Mr. Ted Wright



Revised

Atta

201

WHI

YELL

PINK

11/18/2011

hment #2 1-2012

E COPY: W COPY: COPY:

EVALU

Officia

Evalua

Evalua

PNBOA E

TION

ls Copy tor Copy tor Copy To

ALUATIONS MA

ORM

Evaluation

NUAL

Trainer/Coordinator (

Page

ark Cook)

17





Attachment #3

SCORING BOX RANGE DEFINI TI ONS

Excellent (96‐100): The official demonstrates excellent mechanics and knowledge of the

rules. The official excels in verbal and non‐verbal communication during live and dead

balls. The

official

is

a confident

leader

on

the

floor,

even

in

times

of

distress.

The

official's presence on the floor would improve the overall quality of any game and any

crew.

Above Average (89‐95): The official demonstrates great mechanics and knowledge of

the rules. The official communicates well, has solid judgment, and can be a leader on

the floor. The official can be trusted to work challenging games at high levels. The

official elevates the integrity of the game and the crew.

Average (79‐88): The official demonstrates good knowledge of rules and

mechanics.

The

official

shows

quality

judgment

and

communication,

and

possesses

some leadership potential. The official is capable of handling most situations, and is a

good partner for the crew.

Fair (71‐78): The official demonstrates a general understanding of rules and mechanics,

and adequate judgment for the level of play. While the official does not improve the

performance of the crew, crew integrity is not jeopardized by the official's performance.

Needs Improvement (0‐69): The official does just enough to get by. The official's

mechanics and/or rules knowledge are at times insufficient for the level of play. The

official's judgment is faulty more often than is acceptable. The official brings down the

level of

the

crew.





Attachment # 4

OFFICIATIN G & EVALUA TI ON FORM DEFINITI ONS

The following definition may or may not occur within the text of this manual or on this

year’s Evaluation

form

(note

words

in

quotation

marks

are

themselves

located

in

this

glossary):

Action Area: Location of “Competitive Matchups”, primary areas. May be adjusted

based on where the action areas are located. (e.g.: “Center (C)” may adjust above the

FT line if the action area is higher).

Active Feet: Being ready to “Position Adjust” quickly and as needed. Having weight on

the balls of your feet and quick to move rather than being on your heels resulting in a

slow reaction to move.

Ball Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the baseline

to the half ‐court line) on which the ball is located

Best first look: The official in the crew who has primary defender responsibility AND the

best angle AND has seen “start, develop, finish” on any give play.

Body Language: Opening shoulders to indicating acceptance of the play; stepping

toward a matchup to indicated coverage on‐ball or off ‐ball.

Bigs: Post Players.

Call: A call or violation mad by an official.

Call Selection: Level of consistency between officials for the game regarding how plays

are called and how we are judging physical play versus Rough play.

Center Official (C or Slot): Officials positioned near the side‐line, from the free throw

line extended, on the opposite side of the court as both the Trail and Lead.

Checklist: Small patterns or lists of items officials regularly follow to ensure proper

application of

rules,

manages

the

game,

and

avoid

errors.

Check Off Point: When transitioning from on‐ball coverage to off ‐ball coverage,

identifying the off ball “Competitive Matchups” from the ball coverage to the new

coverage area. Typically applies to when rotating from trail‐to‐center. “Elbow” and





“block” court locations are typical check off points when “Competitive Matchups” are

present.

Close Down: A position taken by the Lead near the baseline and edge of the key.

Competitive Matchup:

A

defender

actively

guarding

an

opponent,

which

requires

the

attention of the primary official. (If multiples, can be ranked, i.e. “1st matchup, 2nd

matchup”, etc.)

Correct Call: A foul or violation called by an official, which is correct because of rule

application, “possession consequence”, or game management.

Crew Call: A call, which utilizes information from two or more members of the crew in

order to get the play correct.

Cues for Rotation: Ball on opposite side of floor in frontcourt; location of “Competitive

Matchups”; “Center (C)” has started a 5‐second count.

Double Whistle: When two officials blow their whistles to stop play due to a foul or

violation.

Engaged: Keenly and actively aware of partners, primary areas, competitive matchups,

game and clock situations. Ready to assist on obvious plays that need whistles outside

of primary. Not holding down the floor in one spot and getting “Straight‐lined” on plays.

Fifty‐Fifty Call: A call (violation or foul), which could go either way. In general, a no‐call

is preferred

over

a fifty

‐fifty

call.

Flow: How the game moves up and down the floor during live ball. Our “Game

Management” and “Whistle Tempo” can affect the pulse or tempo of the game.

Game Management: Techniques used to control the game, including communication

with bench personnel, enforcing timing regulations, all while encouraging a “Flow” to

exist in the game.

Incidental contact: Legal contact between opponents, often during “Physical play”, in

which

neither

opponents’

“Rhythm,

Speed

Balance

or

Quickness

(RSBQ)”

is

negatively

affected and has no negative affect on the play.

Lead Official (L): Official positioned on the end line.

Legal Contact: Contact between opponents, which does not violate any rules.





Live ball communication: Verbal or non‐verbal communication between officials while

the ball is live.

No call: Play, which may have occurred, but is not called a foul or violation due to

correct “Possession Consequence”.

No‐call incorrect: A call, which is not made (or passed on) which has a negative

“Possession Consequence” and is an error by the crew.

Open angle / Open look: Position by an official, which allows the official to see space

between the offensive and defensive players. This allows the official to properly judge

contact, violations, fouls, and “see the whole play”.

Opposite Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the

baseline to the half court line) opposite of your current position. (insert Steve brown

court diagram here).

Physical play: A level of play, between opponents, which is of a high tempo, assertive,

and during which “Legal Contact” and “Incidental Contact” occurs because players are

making an attempt to play the ball.

Pinch the paint: See “Close Down.”

Play Calling: How officials judge each plan and apply rules from the start, development

and through the finish of each play.

Points and

Possessions:

“Play

Calling”

affects

a team’s

ability

to

score

points

or

their

ability to possess the ball. Anytime we are making calls or rulings, we need to be aware

of how we are affecting points and possessions with the game. “Points and

Possessions” are what win games.

Possession adjust: Movement by an official to improve, obtain, or maintain an “Open

Look” or “Open Angles” between players so the play may be properly judged. “Move to

maintain”.

Possession Consequence: Team control of the ball, the end result which may occur after

a

play

Post‐game: Discussion among the crew (all officials) regarding the game contract

(“Pre‐game”) and how it was executed.

Pre‐game: Discussion among the crew (all officials) regarding the overall management

and crew philosophies for the upcoming game: Crew communication, rules mechanics,





special situations, etc. Pre‐game is also called a “Contract”. Official on the crew agree

to certain philosophies and standards regarding how they will manage and referee the

game. This “Contract” is what the crew needs to execute during the game.

Primary defender: The defensive player for which a position (L,T, or C) has primary

responsibility to

judge

while

refereeing

that

defense.

Primary match‐up: The most “Competitive match‐up” that begins in your area.

Primary whistle tempo: A whistle blown by an official in their primary area (or on their

“Primary defender(s)”) to signal a foul or violation after the calling official see the entire

play: “Start, Develop, and Finish”.

Rotation: Crew movement, dictated by the ball/post play, which moves the crew to

better angles to officiate the play. Lead moves across the key; Trail becomes center;

Center becomes Trail. This sequence does NOT HAPPEN simultaneously and you should

NEVER LEAVE AN “OPEN LOOK / OPEN ANGLE”. (refer to “Cues to Rotations”)

Rough play: Illegal contact between opponents which exceeds physical play and

incidental contact, does not make an attempt to “play the ball”, or is directly “aimed” at

one’s opponent.

RSBQ (rhythm, speed, balance, quickness): During play, judge each of these items to

determine if an opponent contact placed a player at a disadvantage.

Secondary defender: A defender, which is not an official’s primary responsibility, but

may enter

the

play

from

another

official’s

primary

coverage

area.

Secondary whistle tempo: A whistle blown by a crew member to signal a foul or

violation AFTER the calling official has seen the entire play (Start‐Develop‐Finish) AND

recognized that the Primary crew member covering the play is unable to make the call

(due to lack of information, poor angle, etc.).

Slow to show: Officials should always be slow to give preliminary signals, ensuring eye

contact and communication with their partners. Be especially slow to show your

preliminary signals during a double whistle, as this could lead to officials simultaneously

indicating

different

signals.

Straight‐lined or Stacked: A poor position, in which an official cannot see space

between players, caused when the official is out of position and does not have an “Open

Look”. Players are stacked or in a straight line, and the official cannot referee the play.





Strong Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the

baseline to the half ‐court line) on which both the Trail and Lead are located, usually the

side on which the play will finish.

Switch: Two officials change positions, usually caused by a foul being reported.

Table Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the

baseline to the half ‐court line) where the table (timekeeper, scorekeeper) is located.

Ten‐One & One (2 person Crew): An attempt by officials to keep all ten players, their

partners and the table (or clock) within their peripheral vision at all times.

Ten‐Two & One (3 person crew): An attempt by officials to keep all ten players, their

two partners and the table (or clock) within their peripheral vision at all times.

To & Through: When a competitor makes contact with an opponent directly in the

chest or torso displacing and causing the opponent’s “RSBQ” to be negatively impacted

(Often used to describe a block/charge).

Trail Official (T): Official positioned between the sideline and closest lane‐line extended,

near the 28‐foot mark, opposite the center and on the same side as the “Lead”.

Triple whistle: When all three officials blow their whistles to stop play.

Weak Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the

baseline to the half ‐court line) on which the Center is located. Usually the side opposite

where the

play

will

finish.

Wide Eyes: Being in a place to see all players and partners during off ball or non‐

“Competitive Matchup” situations, and allowing yourself the ability to anticipate the

next play.

Wide out / angle: Position of the Lead to mirror the ball, sometimes as far away from

the key as where the 3‐point arch on the end line.



2011-12 BASKETBALL RULES CHANGES

1-3-1 The center restraining circle specifications were changed to permit a minimum of a¼-inch-wide single line but a line no wider than 2-inches to designate the outeredge of the circle. Contrasting colored-floor areas are still permissible.Rationale: Many existing courts already have a center circle that has a single ¼ -inch line. A mathematical line between two solid colors is also permitted in Table 1-1, Supplement to the Basketball Court, No. 3. This change provides consistency inthe rule.

3-5-3

New

The specifications regarding arm compression sleeves were changed to require the

item to be white, black, beige or a single solid school color, be the same color foreach team member and have only a single manufacturer’s logo that does notexceed 2 ¼ square inches. Arm compression sleeves must still be worn for medicalpurposes.Rationale: Under the previous rule, arm compression sleeves had no logorestrictions, could have been multiple colors and teammates could have worndifferent colors. This rules change provides clarification and makes enforcementmore consistent for officials.

4-12-1,4-12-2 &4-12-6

Several definitions were changed to reflect that team control will now exist during athrow-in when the thrower-in has the ball at his/her disposal. The change primarilyaffects how foul penalties will be administered.

Rationale: By changing the definition of player and team control to include a throw-in, greater consistency in the penalty for a common foul is achieved. As theprevious rule was written, because there was no team control during a throw-in, thepenalty for a common foul committed by the throw-in team after the throw-in hadbegun resulted in free throws if the offended team was in the bonus. This was notconsistent with the penalty for a team-control foul. This rules change will result ingreater consistency in the penalties for common fouls, eliminate confusion on ruleapplication and speed up the contest by eliminating the delay inherent withadministering free throws.

2011-12 MAJOR EDITORIAL CHANGES

1-11-2, 3 Updated specifications were added to the basket-ring rules. A note was also addedrecommending that basket rings be inspected for rules compliance.Rationale: The changes will more accurately describe the products used in themarketplace and encourage some type of equipment inspection.

2-2-4Note

A note was added clarifying the administrative responsibilities of game officialsthrough the completion of required reports.



Summary – NFHS 2011-12 Basketball Rules ChangesPage No. 2

New Rationale: The administrative duties for game officials needed to be extended afterthe game to document actions which occur during the game. This revision illustratesthe difference between the game officials’ jurisdiction during the game and other administrative responsibilities such as submitting specific reports after the game. Inaddition, state associations may continue to develop and implement policies that

allow for review of unusual incidents that occur while the game officials have jurisdiction or after the game.

3-4-1cNoteNew

A new note was added recommending that the visiting team’s dark jersey be thedarker of the school’s color scheme or black. Rationale: Many schools believe that a contrasting dark-colored jersey need only bea color other than white. When visiting teams wear light blue, light gold or light silver,it is difficult to differentiate them from the home white jerseys.

3-5-1NoteNew

A new note was added authorizing state associations to grant exceptions to NFHSplaying rules for participants with disabilities, special needs and/or extenuatingcircumstances.

Rationale: Clarifies that an individual state association may authorize exceptions toNFHS playing rules to provide reasonable accommodations to individual participantswith disabilities and/or special needs or other unique and extenuating circumstances.Such exceptions are not considered rules modifications since they are not general innature; rather, they are limited to the circumstances of specific individual participants.

4-19-3 The definition of an intentional foul was clarified and reorganized.Rationale: Clarification.

6-4-3e, g &Note

Alternating-possession throw-in situations were clarified.Rationale: Current items e. and g. were inaccurate given the point of interruptionprocedure in 4-36. The Note was also clarified.

8-6-2,8-6-3 New,

8-7

The penalty administration for when single fouls occur as part of a multiple free-throwsituation and when a double foul occurs as part of a multiple free-throw situation wasclarified. Based on these editorial changes, Section 8-7 became unnecessary andwas deleted.Rationale: Clarification.

9-2-10Penalty 4

Clarified that when an opponent contacts the thrower-in, an intentional foul shall becharged to the offender.Rationale: Any type of contact on a thrower is an intentional foul. The defender doesnot actually have to break the boundary plane. This clarification will assist in moreconsistent enforcement.

2011-12 POINTS OF EMPHASIS

1. Sporting Behavior2. Guidelines for Teaching and Officiating3. Injury Data and Prevention

Documents

PNBOA 2011 Evaluations Manual FINAL