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7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
1/28
"With reserve analysis
what are two types of
reserves?"
,"contingency reserve - money
placed against a specific risky work
package
management reserve - separate
money that is not included in the
cost baseline"
a charter should document
what?
"business and customer needs
project purpose
project objects
success criteria
project description/reqsrisks/milestones/budgets
approval requirements
assigned project manager
name of sponsor"
attribute vs variable
sampling
in attribute sampling the
result conforms or itdoesn't. in variable
sampling a degree of
conformity is determined
basis of estimates should
include what?
"description of work (WBS)basis of estimate
assumptions
constraints
range of results
confidence level"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
2/28
can work packages be
decomposed further?
"yes, they can become
activities or schedule
activities"
cost of quality
preventing defects is
believed to reduce overall
costs and is preferred over
costs of non-conformance
define McGregor's theory x
and y
"theory x states workers are
lazy so need top down controltheory y states that workers
are motivated so management
should focus on positive work
environment"
define product scope
"the features and functionsembodied in the product,
service or result. it's
measured against product
requirements."
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
3/28
define project scope
the management activities
required to deliver the
product service or result.
project scope is measuredagainst the project plan.
define quality
the degree to which a set of
inherent characteristics fulfill
requirements. quality andgrade are not the same thing.
think of the auto fuel example.
define risk
"an uncertain event or
condition that, if it occurs,can have either a positive
or negative effect on
project objectives"
describe effective listening
"asking for clarification
repeating what you heard
watching body language
maintaining eye contact"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
4/28
describe the Delphi
technique
experts give responses to
questions anonymously.
results are summarized
and provided to the entiregroup
give examples of project
documents
"requirements documents
project logs
risk register
stakeholder register"
give some examples ofproject selection
mathematical models
"linear programming
dynamic programminginteger programming
multi-objective
programming"
list 3 key tools for Develop
Human Resource Plan
"org charts and position
descriptions
networking
organizational theory"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
5/28
list cost estimate types and
their accuracy
"ROM -50% - +50%
Order of Magnitude -25% - +75%
Budget Estimates -10% - +25%
Definitive Estimates -5% - +10%"
list eight tools for
collecting requirements
"interviews
focus groups
facilitated workshops
group creativity techniques
group decision making
questionnaires and survey
observation
prototypes"
list eight tools for Develop
Schedule
"schedule network analysis
critical path method
critical chain methodresource leveling
what-if scenario analysis
applying leads and lags
schedule compression
scheduling tool (ie ms project)"
list five tools for manage
project team
"observation/conversationproject performance
appraisals
conflict management
issue log
interpersonal skills"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
6/28
list four outputs of develop
schedule
"project schedule
schedule baseline
schedule data
project document updates"
list from pessimistic to
optimistic the four
schedule duration
estimating techniques
"MOST PESSIMISTIC
Monte Carlo Simulation
Three-point estimate
PERT
CPM ""single most likely""
MOST OPTIMISTIC"
list Maslow's hierarchy of
needs in ascending order
"physiological
safetysocial
self-esteem
self-actualization"
list seven sources of power
"legitimate/formalexpert
reward
referent
coercive
bureaucratic
interpersonal/charisma"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
7/28
list six methods for
responding to conflict
"problem solving/confronting
collaborating
compromising
smoothing/accommodating
withdrawing/avoidingforcing"
list some activity
attributes.
"activity ID, WBS ID
Activity description
predecessor
successor
logical relationships
lead and lagsresource requirements
dates and constraints
assumptions
responsible resource (person)
geographic area"
list some dimensions of
communicating
"written v oral
verbal v non-verbalinternal v external
formal v informal
vertical v horizontal
official v unofficial"
list some general
communication skills
"active listening
questioning and probing
fact finding/manage expectations
persuading others
negotiating and resolving conflict
summarizing"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
8/28
list three leadership styles
"autocratic
democratic
laissez-faire"
name examples of benefit
measurement model
"benefit-cost models
economic models
scoring models
comparative approaches
peer review
murder board"
PERT Equation (mo + (ml x 4) + lo) / 6
prevention vs inspection
prevention is keepingerrors out of the product
while inspection is keeping
errors away from the
customer.
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
9/28
rule of seven (quality)
when interpreting control charts if
seven or more observations in a row
fall on the same side of the mean or
if they trend Ina constant direction
they should investigated for anassignable cause.
six sigma rule99.9997% of outcomes
captured
tasks at the lowest level of
the WBS are called what?work packages
ten tools for quality control
"cause and effect diagram (fishbone)
control chartsflowcharts
histogram
Pareto chart
run chart
scatter diagram
statistical sampling
inspection
approved change request reviews"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
10/28
three sigmaonly 99.7% percent of
outcomes captured
tolerance vs control limits
with tolerance the results are
acceptable. the process is in
control if it falls within control
limits but it may not be
acceptable. tolerance is the
stricter measure.
what are five key outputsfor direct and manage
project execution?
"deliverables (product)
work performance infochange requests
project plan updates
project document updates"
what are five tools for
estimating activity
durations
"expert judgement
analogous estimating
parametric estimating
three point estimates
reserve analysis"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
11/28
what are four information
gathering techniques for
identifying risks?
"brainstorming
Delphi technique
interviewing
root cause analysis"
what are four key outputs
to create WBS?
"WBS
WBS Dictionary
Scope BaselineProject Document
Updates"
what are four key tools for
report performance?
"variance analysis
forecasting methods
communication methods
reporting systems"
what are organizational
process assets?
"all of an organization's
processes, policies,
procedures and knowledge
bases"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
12/28
what are seven sources of
conflict (descending order
of likelihood)
"schedule
priorities
resources
technical opinions
admin procedures
cost
personalities"
what are the five key
inputs for sequenceactivities?
"activity list
activity attributes
milestone listproject scope statement
OPA"
what are the five projectmanagement process
groups?
"initiating, planning,
executing,
monitor&controlling and
closing"
what are the five stages of
team development
(Tuckman Model)
"FormingStorming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
13/28
what are the four types of
activity dependancies used
in PDM?
"finish to start
finish to finish
start to start
start to finish"
what are the nine
knowledge areas?
"integration
scope
time
cost
quality
human resource
communication
risk
procurement
""I Should Take Control and Quit Helping Customers
Ruin Projects"""
what are the sigmas?
"1 sigma is 68.3%
2 sigma is 99.5%
3 sigma is 99.7%
6 sigma is 99.9997%"
what are the three key
outputs for estimate
activity resources?
"activity resource requirements
RBS (resource breakdown
structure)
project document updates"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
14/28
what are the three major
categories of reporting?
(report performance)
"status reports - where the project
stands, analyzing variance
progress reports - list of deliverables
completed or partially completed
forecasting - predicting future status,
earned value measures"
what are the three
methods of sharinginformation?
"interactive
communication
push communication
pull communication"
what are the three risk
factors?
"risk eventrisk probability
amount at stake"
what are the two
categories of project
selection methods?
"benefit measurment
models
mathematical models"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
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what are the two kinds of
scope
"product scope
project scope"
what are the two types of
evaluations?
"mid-project evaluation
post project/final
evaluations"
what are two approaches
to schedule compression?crashing and fast tracking
what are two types of
parametric estimates?
regression analysis and
learning curve
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
16/28
what does a cost
management plan
document?
"how estimates, budgets, controlling
are approached. it also includes
level of accuracy, units of
measure,organizational procedure
links, control thresholds,earned
value rules reporting formats and
process descriptions"
what does Learning Curve
estimation state?
each time we double the
number of times we've done
something the time it takes toperform the same task will
decrease in a regular pattern
what does team
development involve?
"improving the ability of the team
to contribute as individuals
improving team effectiveness
improving trust and cohesiveness"
what is a baseline an approved document
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
17/28
what is a discretionary
dependency?
an optional dependency
that is usually followed
because it is best practice.
what is a project charter?
a project charter is a
written document that
formally recognizes andauthorizes the existence of
a new project.
what is a project
management plan?
a formal approved
document used to manage
and control project
execution.
what is a requirements
traceability matrix?
a table that links each
requirement to a business
need or objective.
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
18/28
what is a risk triggera symptom or warning sign
that a risk is about to occur
what is a sunk cost
money already spent and so
can't be recovered. Sunk costs
should be ignored whendeciding to continue to spend
funds on the project.
what is a tight matrix? collocation of the team
what is a WBS?
"work breakdown structure
a deliverable-oriented
decomposition of the work inside
the scope of the project. work not in
the WBS is outside the scope of the
project."
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
19/28
what is always the first
thing a pm should do if a
change request arises?
evaluate the impact of the
change and then meet with
the team to discuss
alternatives
what is an external
dependency?
dependencies involving
interfaces outside of theproject.
what is an opportunity
cost?
the cost of choosing one
alternative so as to give up
the benefits of another
alternative
what is an orphaned task
"a task with no predecessor orsuccessor
this should never happen
except for the first and last
activity"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
20/28
what is BCR
"benefit to cost ratio
1 is break-even
1 profitable"
what is bottom up
estimating?
estimates based on
summation of estimates of
decomposed activities.aggregation of estimates at
lower levels of WBS.
what is crashing?adding resources to criticalpath activities. this always
increases cost.
what is duration
estimating?
assessing the number of
work periods needed to
complete the activity
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
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what is EEF?
"enterprise environmental factors
i.e. standards
infrastructure
market conditions, etc"
what is EPV?
"expected present value
considered multiple results
sum of the outcome x
probability for each
considered scenario"
what is fast tracking?
doing more activities on
parallel. this usually
increases risk because of
increased coordination.
what is GERT
"graphical evaluation andreview technique
a type of network diagram that
can handle loops and if-then
logic"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
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what is gold-plating?
providing a solution that
exceeds the original
requirements. considered
bad because it increasescost and scheduled time.
what is Kaizen?Japanese word for
continuous improvement
what is Kanbana communication methodthat supports just in time
(JIT) inventory control.
what is life cycle cost
"known as the total cost of
ownership. it includes the coat
of acquiring an item as well as
operating, maintaining and
disposal costs."
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
23/28
what is life cycle cost?
project costs plus delivery
and maintenance costs for
the product
what is MBO?
"management by objectives
a process for managing objectives
which includes 1) establish realisticand clear objectives 2) evaluate is
objectives are being met 3) take
action if needed"
what is NPV?
"net present value
a single dollar amount used to
represent the value of a project.
EPV (expected present value) is
typically used instead of NPV."
what is PDM
the precedencediagramming method also
called activity on node. it
Is a type of network
diagram.
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
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what is regression
analysis?
statistical modeling that
represents parametric
relationships in a graphical
display
what is responsibility
assignment matrix?
RAM is the primary tool used
to display information about
roles and responsibilities. it
does not show timing of work.
what is scope verification
scope verification is the
process of obtaining formal
acceptance of the project
scope by the stakeholders
what is the 8/80 rule
all work packages (in
WBS) should be between 8
and 80 hours in duration.
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
25/28
what is the difference
between effective
communication and
efficient communication
"effective communication is
information in the right format at the
right time.
efficient communication is providing
only the information needed avoidinginformation overload. "
what is the least common
activity dependency usedin PDM!
start to finish
what is the most common
PDM activity dependency?finish to start
what is the one key output
for identify risks?the risk register
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
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what is the payback
period!
the amount of time until
net accumulative cash
flows are greater than zero.
what is typically included
in a performance report?
"current status of work
milestones reached
scheduled activities
forecasts
issues that may require
decision or response"
what is. mandatory
dependency?
dependancies that must
occur in a certain orderwhich often involve
physical or technical
limitations of some kind.
what is. resource?"person, equipment,
material an facility"
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
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what three baselines are
established by the project
plan?
"cost, schedule and scope"
what's in a project scope
statement?
"product scope description
product acceptance criteria
project deliverables
project exclusions
project constraints
project assumptions"
what's included in a
project management plan?
"scope management plan
requirements management plan
schedule management plan
cost management planquality management plan
process improvement plan
human resources plan
communication manage plan
risk management plan
procurement management plan"
what's the difference
between business risk and
insurable risk?
business risk can result in
either a gain or loss
whereas insurance risk
always will result in loss
7/31/2019 PMP Study Cards
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when should a change
request be recorded in
written form?
always
when should a PM be
assigned?
"during development of the
charter, never later thanthe start of planning"
when should quality be
considered
"quality should bedesigned in, not inspected
in"