Unstructured Data & Application Development

SecureFiles

Multimedia

Spatial

PL/SQL

XML DB

Java

PHP

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SecureFiles

Managing Enterprise Information

• Organizations need to efficiently and securely manage

Structured Semi-Structured Unstructured

XML PDF

• Simplicity and performance of file systems makes it attractive to store file data in file systems, while keeping relational data in DB

• Enterprise applications manipulate both files and relational data• e.g. Document Management, Media, Medical, CAD, Imaging

Files belong with Relational Data

• Two data managers for one application is one too many• The application must patch over the gap• This split compromises security, robustness, and management

Structured Semi-Structured Unstructured

XML PDF

Oracle SecureFilesConsolidated Secure Management of Data

• SecureFiles is a new 11g feature designed to break the performance barrier keeping file data out of databases

• Next-generation LOBs - faster, and with more capabilities• transparent deduplication, compression and encryption• leverage the security, reliability, and scalability of database• superset of LOB interfaces allows easy migration from LOBs

• Enables consolidation of file data with associated relational data• single security model• single view of data• single management of data• scalable to any level using SMP scale-up, or grid scale-

out

Designed from Scratch

• SecureFiles is a major rearchitecture of how the database handles unstructured (file) data• not an incremental improvement to LOBs

• Entirely new:• disk format• network protocol• versioning and sharing mechanisms• caching and locking• redo and undo algorithms• space and memory management• cluster consistency algorithms

High Performance

• (Preliminary) performance compared to Linux NFS/Ext3• application does inserts/queries of a metadata row and image file• tests run using both SecureFiles and NFS/ext3 in metadata journalling

only (default for NFS)• SecureFiles is faster across the board

• up to 2x faster for Queries, 6x for Inserts

Query Performance Insert Performance

0.01

1

100

File Size (KB)

MB

/s

NFS 0.0782 0.9121 6.9089 26.669 52.315S F 0.4737 8.2762 37.983 44.944 46.592

1 10 100 1000 100000.1

10

1000

File Size (KB)

MB

/s

NFS 0.2254 2.4889 11.26 32.674 72.733S F 0.4212 3.6011 10.881 33.448 74.117

1 10 100 1000 10000

Advanced Features - Compression• Huge storage savings

• industry standard compression algorithms• 2-3x compression for typical files (doc, pdf, xml)• minimal CPU overhead during compression

• Automatically detects if SecureFile data is compressible• skips compression for already compressed data and when space savings are

minimal or zero• Two levels of compression provide different compression ratios

• compression Levels: MEDIUM (default), HIGH • higher the degree of compression, higher the latency and CPU overhead incurred

• SecureFiles Compression is independent of table or index compression

• Server-side compression• allows for random reads and writes to SecureFile data• can be specified at a partition level

• Part of the Advanced Compression Option

Advanced Features - Deduplication

• Enables storage of a single physical image for duplicate data• Significantly reduces space consumption• Dramatically improves writes and copy operations• No adverse impact on read operations

• may actually improve read performance for cache data• Duplicate detection happens within a table, partition or sub-partition• Specially useful for content management, email applications and

data archival applications• Part of the Advanced Compression Option

Secure hash

Advanced Features - Encryption

• Extends Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) syntax to SecureFile data• old LOB or BasicFiles data can not be encrypted

• Performed at Block level• Support for industry-standard encryption algorithms

• 3DES168• AES128• AES192 (default)• AES256

• Encrypt on a per-column basis • Part of the Advanced Security Option

SecureFile Interfaces

• SecureFiles can be accessed by both database clients and file system clients

• Database clients use extended LOB interfaces• JDBC, ODBC, OCI, .NET, PL/SQL• 11g has a highly optimized streaming protocol for SecureFiles

• File system clients use the file system protocols implemented in the XML DB repository• FTP access• WebDav Access• http Access

Integration with Other Products and Features

• Secure is fully integrated with• XML DB (Binary XML)• Oracle InterMedia• Oracle Spatial• Content DB

• Out of box benefits for new installations• by setting db_securefiles= FORCE or ALWAYS

• Migration path being worked out for existing installations• Efforts underway to integrate with Stellant

Using SecureFiles

• Old LOBs are still supported and are referred to as ‘BASICFILE’• Default LOB storage type in Oracle Database 11g

• New init.ora parameter ‘db_securefile’ to manage LOB storage policy• PERMITTED – allow SecureFiles to be created (Default)• NEVER – disallow new SecureFile• FORCE – create all LOBs as SecureFiles• ALWAYS – attempt to create SecureFiles, but fall back to BasicFiles• IGNORE – ignore attempts to create SecureFiles

• Requires• locally managed tablespaces with ASSM is required to use

SecureFiles• compatibility set to 11.1 or higher

Migration to SecureFiles

• Requires table rebuild• can be done at the partition level

• Online Redefinition is the preferred migration technique for SecureFiles

• no need to take the table or partition offline.• additional storage equal to the entire table and all LOB segments

must be available.• global indexes need to be rebuilt.• recommend setting NOLOGGING storage attribute for destination

SecureFile columns during migration to avoid performance problems with redo generation

• if the destination table is partition, online redefinition can be done in parallel

The Best of Files and Databases

• SecureFiles have all the leading-edge file system capabilities • Deduplication, Encryption, Compression, Logging

• SecureFiles have advanced DB capabilities not in file systems• Transactions, Read Consistency, Flashback• Readable Standby, Consistent Backup, Point in Time Recovery• Fine Grained Auditing, Label Security• XML indexing, XML Queries, XPath• Real Application Clusters• Automatic Storage Management• Partitioning and ILM• Search across meta-data and file content

• Capabilities go far beyond any other database or file system• having the best of both worlds removes the need to compromise

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Multimedia

Multimedia in Oracle Database

• Why put images in the database?• multimedia content subject to database enforced referential

integrity and transaction control• metadata extraction, editing and indexing.• media-specific features such as metadata editing, thumb nailing

and format conversion• simplifies secure delivery of content to streaming media servers

• New in Oracle Database 11g• image size limits increased, up to 128TB• new securefiles datatype for increased performance,

compression, and deduplication• improved DICOM support

DICOM Medical Imaging Support

• Used by virtually all medical devices (CT, MRI, PET, …)

• Database support the data management needs of clinical medicine and life sciences• Multi-terabyte image archives with security,

auditing and standards conformance• Image quality control – ensure well-formed

images• Built-in support for metadata extraction

and searching • Support for privacy regulations (HIPPA),

annotation and format conversion

Location and Spatial

Location and Spatial in Oracle Database

Reveal customer buying patterns

Site facilities nearcustomers

Understandcustomer demographics

Locate resources near customers

Locate customerson the wireless Web

To…From

Location Client Name UsageAUSTRIA **Hallein Municipality Local authorityAUSTRIA **Ludesch Local GovernmentAUSTRIA ARG Verrmessung, Dornbirn Survey and mappingAUSTRIA ILF-Dornbirn -8AUSTRIA ILF-Innsbrueck - 2AUSTRIA ILF-Prague - 2AUSTRIA ILF-Vienna - 2AUSTRIA ILF-Villah - 1AUSTRIA Ingenieurgemeinschaft Laesser-Fezlmayr (ILF), Engineering companyAUSTRIA Lochau Municipality, Vorarlberg Local governmentAUSTRIA Manahl, Feldkirch Engineering companyAUSTRIA Vorarlberg Erdgas, Dornbirn Gas distributionBOSNIA City of Zageb(CV) Local governmentBOSNIA Computech (CV) ResellerBRAZIL Systenge ResellerCANADA City of Edmonton Local governmentCANADA City of Luduc Local governmentCANADA District of Oak Bay Local governmentCANADA Energy & Mines (Ottawa)CANADA Energy & Mines (Quebec)CANADA Geopower Technologies, Inc. ResellerCANADA H.H. Pillar Corp.CANADA University of Toronto EducationCHINA Beihai Urban ConstructionCHINA Beijing Urban Archive Local governmentFINLAND Pohjois-Satakunnan paikkatietopalvelu OY GIS systems houseFINLAND Tampere muncipality (PCX 100 USER LICENCE) Local governmentFRANCE Cabinet Dulac Survey and mappingFRANCE District Bayonne - Anglet - Biarritz Local government consortiumFRANCE EPA Cergy-Pontoise New town developmentFRANCE France Telecom Telecommunic. companyFRANCE Gaz de France Gas distribtuionFRANCE Institut Geographique National (IGN) National mapping agencyFRANCE ITMI Software developer/integratorFRANCE Municipality of Dijon Local governmentFRANCE Nancy District Local governmentFRANCE School of IGN IGN's training schoolFRANCE University of Caen Educational

3D & Web Services Support

• Comprehensive 3D infrastructure for modeling, visualization, simulation• Meets business requirements for 3D simulations & models of

• Cityscapes, viewscapes, viewsheds, line-of-sight • Hazard assessments, urban models, city planning• As-built and reverse engineering structures

• OGC & ISO TC211 Enterprise Web Services Support• Meets requirements to provide spatial features as a service

• Full transaction support for SOA architectures used by mapping agencies, energy, utilities, public sector

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PL/SQL Enhancements in Oracle Database 11g

PL/SQL Enhancements

• Every new major release of Oracle Database brings PL/SQL enhancements in these categories• Transparent and parameterized performance improvements

• New language features that you use in your programs to get better performance

• New language features that bring functionality that you earlier couldn’t achieve (or could achieve only with cumbersome workarounds) and that make programming more comfortable

• Tools support (debugging, performance tracing, etc)

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Transparent performance:

Fine Grained Dependency Tracking

The challenge

• View v ends up invalid in 10.2 because we know only that its dependency parent has changed – at the granularity of the whole object

create table t(a number)/create view v as select a from t/alter table t add(Unheard_Of number)/select status from User_Objects where Object_Name = 'V'/

Fine Grained Dependency Tracking

• In 11.1 we track dependencies at the level of element within unit

• so we know that these changes have no consequence

• I classified this as a transparent performance improvement

• It’s certainly transparent!

• Unnecessary recompilation certainly consumes CPU

• Don’t forget that the “4068” family of errors has a different cause: recompiling at least one stateful package body that a second concurrent session has instantiated

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Parameterized Performance:

Real native compilation

The challenge

• Through 10.2, PL/SQL compiled to a native DLL is significantly faster than PL/SQL compiled for interpretation by the PVM

• Oracle translates PL/SQL source to C code and leaves the last step to a 3rd partyC compiler

• BUT… some customers’ religion forbids a C compiler on a production box!

• AND… other customers’ religion forbids paying to license a C compiler when they’ve already paid to license Oracle Database!

Real native compilation

• In 11.1, Oracle translates PL/SQL source directly to the DLL for the current hardware

• Moreover, Oracle does the linking and loading so that the filesystem directories are no longer needed

• So PL/SQL native compilation will work out of the box – and without compromising religion

• Only one parameter remains: the on/off switch, PLSQL_Code_Type

Real native compilation

• As a bonus, it’s faster!• Compilation with real native is twice as fast as with C native

• The Whetstone benchmark is 2.5x faster with real nativethan with C native at run-time

• Contrived tests have shown 20x run-time speedup

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Usability of the language:

Sequence in a PL/SQL expression

create or replace trigger Trg before insert on My_Table for each rowdeclare s number;begin -- Annoying locution select My_Seq.Nextval into s from Dual; :New.PK := s;end;/

The challenge

Sequence in a PL/SQL expression

create or replace trigger Trg before insert on My_Table for each row

begin

:New.ID := My_Seq.Nextval;end;/

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Tools support

Challenge Inherit code, find a problem in one area that links elsewhere, got

lost following reference after reference Impact Analysis: how do you determine who references a

particular variable?

Solution PL/Scope

Usage

PL/Scope

alter session set PLScope_Settings = 'identifiers:all'

create or replace...

Select …. from … User_Identifiers where Object_Name = ...

UI expected in SQL Developer 2.0

Challenge Where is time really being spent in PL/SQL code?

Solution PL/SQL Hierarchical Profiler

reports dynamic execution profile organised by subprogram accounts for SQL and PL/SQL separately generates hypertexted HTML reports

Usage

PL/SQL Hierarchical Profiler

> EXECUTE DBMS_HPROF.START_PROFILING('PLSHPROF_DIR', 'test.trc');

% plshprof

UI expected in SQL Developer 2.0

PL/SQL enhancements Summary

Performance• Finer grained dependency tracking

• Real PL/SQL native compilation

• Intra-unit inlining

• SQL & PL/SQL Result Caches

• The compound trigger

Usability• Sequence in a PL/SQL expression

• The continue statement

• Named and mixed notation from SQL

Tools• PL/Scope

• PL/SQL Hierarchical Profiler

Functionality• Dynamic SQL functional completeness

• DBMS_Sql security

• Fine grained access control for Utl_TCP, etc

• Regexp_Count(), etc in SQL and PL/SQL

• Support for “super”

• Create a disabled trigger; specify trigger firing order

• “when others then null” compile-time warning

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XML DB Enhancements in Oracle Database 11g

Schema Less

Persistence

StructuredUnstructured

Performance

Flexibility

XML Use Cases

Schema OptimizedSchema Optimized

PersistencePersistence

XML-LOB

XML-Binary

XML-OR

Majority of currentMajority of current

CustomersCustomers

In Place Schema Evolution

• 10.2 copyEvolve() unloads and reloads the data when the XML Schema changes• very flexible but expensive: time to evolve schema is proportionate

to the amount of data being managed • 11.1 In Place Schema Evolution allows simple changes to

registered XML schemas with zero down-time• no data copy required• schema change takes a few seconds regardless of amount of data.• changes to the XML must not invalidate existing documents

• add optional elements and attributes• adding new values to enumerations• increase in length

XMLType Partitioning

Challenge• repeating elements typify XML documents and are

managed using nested tables

Solution• leverage 11.1 REF partitioning• nested Tables are partitioned using the same key

as the top level XMLType table• supports “partition maintenance” operations • supports “partition pruning”

<PurchaseOrder><Date>…</Date><Ref>…</Ref><LineItems>

<LineItem>…<LineItem>…<LineItem>

<LineItems>

XML Misc Improvements

• Significant performance improvements• Large node handling eliminates current 64K limit on

size of a text-node.• Stream based replication support for LOB-based

XML storage• Events: trigger support for the XML DB repository.

• e.g. inserting a purchase order into “approved” folder triggers ordering process

Binary XML

Challenge• 10.2 schema-less XML not well optimizedSolution• 11.1 binary XML optimized for schema-less and

flexible schema-based XML• Post Parse compact representation of XML• Flexible XML Schema Support• High performance fragment access and extraction

with new XML Index

Binary XML

AppServer

WebCache

DatabaseClient

Binary XML Binary XML Binary XML

Oracle Binary XML

• Single format for “on-disk”, “in-memory” and “on-the-wire”• Reduced CPU and Memory overhead

• Single format avoids parse and serialize issue between tiers• Reduced Network Overhead

• Post-parse format used when XML moves between tiers

XML Index

• New universal index for Binary and LOB based XMLType

• All possible paths are indexed by default• XML index optimization

• asynchronous operation possible• path sub-setting controls what is indexed• partial re-indexing (binary XML and securefiles only)

• Repository integration with XML Index on XML DB repository

DB

WS

Native Database Web Service

PL/SQL

SQL

XQuery

SOA

DBA

?

WSDLAuto-

Genera

te

SOAP

Easy: a few steps, no other software installation and no coding

Secure: HTTP authentication and easily integrate with WS Security Products

High performance : C-based engine, natively build in to the Oracle DB

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Java Enhancements in Oracle Database 11g

JDBC PerformanceSaving 1 Million Roundtrips per Day

Prefetch in First Roundtrip (JDBC-Thin) • Saves 1 Database Roundtrip per SELECT Statement • Benefit for AD-Hoc Queries

New Native AQ protocol (JDBC-Thin) • AQ/OJMS Operations 40%-300% Faster• Reduced server-side CPU Utilization

Advanced Security in JDBC-Thin

• AES Encryption• SHA1 Check-Summing• 3rd Party Authentication

• Radius • Kerberos • SSL

• OS Authentication

Java StandardsJDBC 4.0

• SQLXML• RowId• NChar & Nclob• Wrapper Interface• SQLException Hierarchy• conn.createBlob, createClob, etc

Disconnect Java VM upgrade from database• Java 5 (i.e., JDK 1.5) in base 11.1 release• Java 6 (i.e., JDK 1.6) and newer JDKs, in patch sets

From Black Box to White Box Monitoring• JMX Instrumentation• Support standard JMX-enabled tools(i.e., JConsole)

Java in the Database Mass Adoption

Challenge• Performance

Solution• New JIT compiler compiles Java in the database natively and transparently (on

the fly) without the need of a C compiler• Enabled by default, Out-of-the-Box• Up to an Order of magnitude (~x 10) speed-up for pure Java, 10g versus 11g,

out-of-the-box

Challenge• Ease of UseSolution• JDK-Like interface, with code on filesystem, using faniliar notation,

e.g. –{classpath}, -D system properties• Eases the migration for developers from JDK VM world

PHP

PHP users have asked for Database Connection Pooling

• Web apps issue hundreds connects per second• Connection establishment is expensive• PHP Does not allow real multi-threading

• persistent vs non persistent connections• Existing Client-side connection pooling not possible • Options:

• apache process can repeatedly connect/disconnect• apache process can hold onto private connection

• Results in inefficient use of the database resources

Database Resident Connection Pool

No Connection Pooling 11g Database Resident Connection Pooling

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