AP PSYCH DMAPlease write down the questions and answer

them.

1. Explain why the hippocampus is important for memory.

2. Give three examples of mnemonic devices.

Your graded FRQs are in the out-box

TODAY’S AGENDA DMA Review FRQ info Memory

Flashbulb, feats,encoding, forgetting, etc…

Homework: •Chapter 9 test – Monday, Sept. 12th

•Chapter 9 notes due – Monday, Sept. 12th

•DMAs due Friday•Chapter 9 review session – Friday, Sept. 9th at 7:00 AM

FRQ ISSUES Write your answer in the order of the

question! Example: the question asks you about

spacing effect, semantic encoding and rehearsal…

1st paragraph – spacing effect 2nd paragraph – semantic encoding 3rd paragraph – rehearsal

FRQ ISSUES

Be specific! If you are applying rehearsal…

Bad answer – “I would use rehearsal to help learn vocabulary words”

Good answer – “I could use the technique of rehearsal while studying details such as names and definitions. By using repetition, I will be able to better encode the information and attach meaning to it. Some examples of this include using flashcards and quizzing myself over and over again.”

FRQ GRADING On the chapter test…

1 FRQ 1/3 of your test grade Will be one of the practice FRQs

Practice FRQs Receive list at beginning of chapter Each question/answer is worth 10 points.

Answer must be a complete draft (not missing any parts of the question)

Answer must use the TDA method Answer must demonstrate all the FRQ techniques

discussed in class.

MEMORY Long-Term Memory

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

A SIMPLIFIED MEMORY MODEL

Externalevents

Sensorymemory

Short-termmemory

Long-termmemory

Sensory inputAttention to importantor novel information

Encoding

Encoding

Retrieving

ENCODING: GETTING INFORMATION IN

Encoding

Effortful Automatic

ENCODINGAutomatic Processing unconscious encoding of incidental

information space time frequency

well-learned information word meanings

we can learn automatic processing

ENCODING Effortful Processing

requires attention and conscious effort

Rehearsal conscious repetition of information

to maintain it in consciousness to encode it for storage

ENCODING Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables

TUV ZOF GEK WAV the more times practiced on Day 1, the

fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2

Spacing Effect distributed practice yields better long-

term retention than massed practice How can you use this info to your

benefit?

MEMORY – RELAXATION & RECALLHow it works…. Wheeler will turn off the lights, get

comfortable, take a few deep breaths & close your eyes.

Wheeler will read a list of words to you Just listen – don’t write anything down.

WRITE EVERYTHING THAT YOU REMEMBER FROM THE LIST DOWN…

ENCODING: SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

12

Percentage of

words recalled

0

908070605040302010

Position of word in list

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Serial Position Effect--tendency to recall best the last items in a list

WHAT DO WE ENCODE? Semantic Encoding

encoding of meaning including meaning of words

Acoustic Encoding encoding of sound especially sound of words

Visual Encoding encoding of picture images

ENCODING

PLEASE TURN TO A NEIGHBOR AND DISCUSS HOW THIS ENCODING INFORMATION CAN MAKE YOU STUDY MORE EFFICIENTLY.

ENCODING Imagery

mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing,

especially when combined with semantic encoding

Mnemonics memory aids especially those techniques that use

vivid imagery and organizational devices

MEMORY DEMONSTRATIONSteps Listen to the list of letters (don’t write

anything down!)

When the list is done – write down as many of the letters (in the correct order) as you can.

ENCODING

Chunking organizing items into familiar,

manageable units like horizontal organization--

1776149218121941 often occurs automatically use of acronyms

HOMES--Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior

ARITHMETIC--A Rat In Tom’s House Might Eat Tom’s Ice Cream

ENCODING: CHUNKING

Organized information is more easily recalled

ENCODING Hierarchies

complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories Encoding

(automatic or effortful)

Imagery(visualEncoding)

Meaning(semanticEncoding)

Organization

Chunks Hierarchies

STORAGE:RETAINING INFORMATION

Iconic Memory a momentary sensory memory of

visual stimuli a photographic or picture image

memory lasting no more that a few tenths of a second

Echoic Memory momentary sensory memory of

auditory stimuli

STORAGE:LONG-TERM MEMORY

Amnesia--the loss of memory Explicit Memory

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare

also called declarative memory hippocampus--neural center in limbic system

that helps process explicit memories for storage

Implicit Memory retention independent of conscious recollection also called procedural memory

MEMORY LOSS Clive Wearing

Worst case of memory loss known.

STUDY GROUPSReconnect with your group…1. Discuss when and where you are going

to meet to study for Monday’s test.2. Huddle-up the desks and begin

reviewing Chapter 9.