Please take notes on this PowerPoint in order to receive participation points.

--Mrs. H.

True or False?

Write your answers in your notes.

Popping your knuckles gives you arthritis.

Popping your knuckles gives you arthritis.

FALSE

People don’t throw rice at weddings anymore, because birds would eat the rice, which would expand in their stomachs, and they would die.

People don’t throw rice at weddings anymore, because birds would eat the rice, which would expand in their stomachs, and they would die.

FALSE

Gum can stay in your stomach for up to 7 weeks, because it takes so long to digest.

Gum can stay in your stomach for up to 7 weeks, because it takes so long to digest.

FALSE

This picture, which was awarded National Geographic’s “Photo of the Year Award,” is completely authentic & not photoshopped.

This picture, which was awarded National Geographic’s “Photo of the Year Award,” is completely authentic & not photoshopped. FALSE

Lightning never strikes the same place twice.

Lightning never strikes the same place twice.

FALSE

Many things we believe to be true are actually false. We need to make sure we do our research and know the truth before debating any sort of claim.

If you don’t know what you’re talking about, or you look too biased, you’re going to look like an idiot, and it is unlikely that people will listen to you.

Avoid

Extremes

Extremes

Avoid

• Don’t accept everything that people tell you. They may be wrong.• Don’t ignore facts and opinions from the other side. You may be

wrong.

Ad Hominem– Random Personal Attack• “How do you expect a woman to successfully run this company?”

• “It’s not like you can even understand relationships, anyway. The longest relationship you’ve ever been in is 3 months.”

• “I don’t want her in our group. Her parents are really rich, so she doesn’t know what it’s like to work hard.”

Ad Hominem

Hasty Generalization- Stereotyping

• “I know this French girl, and she’s really rude. I don’t think I would ever want to go to France.”

• “The last guy that robbed our store was Hispanic, too! Man, we really need to work on illegal immigration.”

• “Redheads have such bad tempers. My friend was crazy and always yelled at people, and my cousin is a crazy redhead, too.”

False Dilemma- Only 2 Outcomes

• “Either we change that rule, or we have to get rid of the whole program altogether.”

• “If you don’t graduate from high school and go to college, you’ll probably be homeless for the rest of your life.”

Slippery Slope- Dramatic Outcomes

• “If we allow a man to marry a man, what’s next? A man marrying a dog?”

• “If that presidential candidate is elected, our whole country is going to pot.”

Post Hoc- A=B=C

• “Gang violence has decreased since 2012. The governor took office in 2012. Obviously, he is doing something right.”

• “A lot of rich people got rich through dishonest means. He is really rich, so obviously he cut some corners to get to where he is.”

False Analogy

• “Employees are like nails. Just as nails must be hit in the head in order to make them work, so must employees.”

• "Most extremists follow Islam. Therefore, Islam is a religion that propagates extremism.”

• “Education is like cake; a small amount tastes sweet, but eat too much and your teeth will rot out. Likewise, more than two years of education is bad for a student.”

Appeal to Authority- Just because they’re famous, doesn’t mean they are right.

Bandwagon- “Everyone else is doing it.”

Bandwagon-100

90

80

Name the fallacies you can see in the following pictures.